Category: Nevin Manimala

J Alzheimers Dis. 2023 Jul 10. doi: 10.3233/JAD-230434. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation and the activation of microglial cells are among the earliest events in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, direct observation of microglia in living people is not currently possible. Here, we indexed the heritable propensity for neuroinflammation with polygenic risk scores (PRS), using results from a recent genome-wide analysis of a validated post-mortem measure of morphological microglial activation.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether a PRS for microglial activation (PRSmic) could augment the predictive performance of existing AD PRSs for late-life cognitive impairment.

METHODS: First, PRSmic were calculated and optimized in a calibration cohort (Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), n = 450), with resampling. Second, predictive performance of optimal PRSmic was assessed in two independent, population-based cohorts (total n = 212,237). Finally, we explored associations of PRSmic with a comprehensive set of imaging and fluid AD biomarkers in ADNI.

RESULTS: Our PRSmic showed no significant improvement in predictive power for either AD diagnosis or cognitive performance in either external cohort. Some nominal associations were found in ADNI, but with inconsistent effect directions.

CONCLUSION: While genetic scores capable of indexing risk for neuroinflammatory processes in aging are highly desirable, more well-powered genome-wide studies of microglial activation are required. Further, biobank-scale studies would benefit from phenotyping of proximal neuroinflammatory processes to improve the PRS development phase.

PMID:37458040 | DOI:10.3233/JAD-230434

J Alzheimers Dis. 2023 Jul 10. doi: 10.3233/JAD-230288. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The theory of executive attention (Fuster, 2015) suggests considerable plasticity regarding when specific neurocognitive operations are recruited to bring executive tasks to fruition.

OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that differing neurocognitive operations are recruited upon the initiation of a response, but that other distinct neurocognitive operations are recruited towards the middle or end of a response.

METHODS: The Backward Digit Span Test (BDST) was administered to 58 memory clinic patients (MCI, n = 22; no-MCI, n = 36). Latency to generate all correct 5-span responses was obtained. Statistical analyses found that optimal group classification was achieved using the first and third digit backward. First and third response latencies were analyzed in relation to verbal working memory (WM), visual WM, processing speed, visuospatial operations, naming/lexical access, and verbal episodic memory tests.

RESULTS: For the first response, slower latencies were associated with better performance in relation to verbal WM and visuospatial test performance. For the third response, faster latencies were associated with better processing speed and visuospatial test performance.

CONCLUSION: Consistent with the theory of executive attention, these data show that the neurocognitive operations underlying successful executive test performance are not monolithic but can be quite nuanced with differing neurocognitive operations associated with specific time epochs. Results support the efficacy of obtaining time-based latency parameters to help disambiguate successful executive neurocognitive operations in memory clinic patients.

PMID:37458036 | DOI:10.3233/JAD-230288

J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2023 Jul 3. doi: 10.3233/BMR-220408. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Physical therapists use dry needling (DN) and percutaneous needle electrolysis (PNE) to treat musculoskeletal pain.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of PNE vs. DN in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain.

METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on the PICOS and PRISMA protocols. The PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized clinical trials measuring pain intensity in various musculoskeletal syndromes using PNE and DN. Pain outcome measures were the visual analog scale or the numerical pain rating scale. Risk of bias was assessed according to Cochrane guidelines and quality of evidence was reported using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach (GRADE). Standardized mean differences were calculated using random effects models.

RESULTS: The meta-analysis of the six included studies showed that the overall effect of PNE vs. DN for pain reduction was statistically significant at -0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], -1.34 to -0.14) with a large effect size (SMD =-0.41; 95% CI, -0.75 to -0.08), albeit clinically insignificant in the short, medium, and long term. Risk of bias was generally low with moderate-level evidence due to the overall effect heterogeneity and the small sample.

CONCLUSIONS: Moderate-quality evidence showed that PNE is slightly more effective than DN in reducing pain. However, because the results were not clinically significant, we cannot recommend the application of PNE over DN. More high-quality studies comparing the two interventions are needed to draw firm conclusions.

PMID:37458028 | DOI:10.3233/BMR-220408

J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2023 Jul 6. doi: 10.3233/BMR-220361. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Brace treatment is the most effective tool for avoiding curve progression in moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and high adherence is required to achieve therapeutic success. Despite this, the compliance often is impaired by the concern about the psychological well-being of adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: This 36-month follow-up study investigated if the patients most adherent to brace treatment could report a stronger impairment in the quality of life and body image.

METHODS: 64 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis responded to the Scoliosis Research Society-22 revised Patient Questionnaire at 12, 24, and 36 months after prescription of a TLSO rigid brace. Retrospectively, participants who wore a brace for more than 75% of the prescribed time were assigned to the good-compliance group (GC); the others formed the poor-compliance group (PC).

RESULTS: At 12 months the GC group showed higher scores in treatment satisfaction and at 36 months they did not differ from the PC group in the overall SRS-22r score. Moreover, they achieved a statistically significant improvement in the scoliosis severity, although they showed lower scores in the self-image domain.

CONCLUSION: In our patient’s cohort, increased brace adherence does not compromise QoL and provides better treatment outcomes. However, more attention is needed to maintain good self-perception.

PMID:37458018 | DOI:10.3233/BMR-220361

J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2023 Jul 3. doi: 10.3233/BMR-220297. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and also affects the musculoskeletal system.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the musculoskeletal symptoms, type of pain and effect on quality of life in patients presenting with pain after COVID-19.

METHODS: This prospective, descriptive study included 97 patients aged 18 years or older who were diagnosed with COVID-19 based on a positive polymerase chain reaction test result, with or without musculoskeletal pain prior to COVID-19 infection. Patients who applied to the post-COVID-19 outpatient clinic with the complaint of pain at least 1 month and maximum 1 year after the diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. Patients’ demographic characteristics and musculoskeletal examination findings were evaluated. The patients were examined, and the questionnaire forms were completed. The pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), the Douleur-Neuropathique-4 (DN-4) questionnaire, while the quality of life was assessed using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) survey. Patients were divided into groups in terms of gender, age, body mass index. Shapiro-Wilk’s test, the independent samples t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analyses.

RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 46.5 ± 13.5 years, 30 of them were male. Pain increased in patients with pre-COVID-19 arthralgia and myalgia (p< 0.001). Post-COVID-19 VAS was significantly higher than pre-COVID-19 VAS (7 ± 1.2 vs. 3.2 ± 1.9, p< 0.05). Pre-COVID-19 patients with myalgia had significantly worse SF-36 physical function, social function, pain, general health perception (p< 0.05). The mean scores of females in the SF-36 physical function, pain were significantly worse than males (p< 0.05). According to DN-4, 41 (42.3%) patients had neuropathic pain. There was moderate negative correlation between VAS, DN-4 and SF-36 (p< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Arthralgia, myalgia, and neuropathic pain, all of which negatively affect the quality of life, are often observed in the patients infected with COVID-19.

PMID:37458011 | DOI:10.3233/BMR-220297

J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2023 Jul 6. doi: 10.3233/BMR-220190. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Based on electromyography measurements, shoulder vibratory exercises efficiently stimulate shoulder muscles activity. Yet very few studies have supported that shoulder vibratory exercises increased shoulder muscles strength and function, and the noninferiority compared with conventional elastic resistance exercises remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of vibratory exercises versus conventional elastic resistance exercises with elastic bands on shoulder external rotation muscles strength and functional performance in young adults.

METHODS: 26 young adults (7 males and 19 females, with age 23.89 ± 3.02) were recruited and randomly allocated to shoulder vibratory exercises with FLEXI-BAR (FLEXI-BAR group) or conventional resistance exercises with elastic band (TheraBand group) for 3 times/week, 4 weeks totally. Shoulder external rotator muscles strength test and Underkofler softball distance throw test (USDTT) were performed before and after the training period.

RESULTS: After 4 weeks training, shoulder external rotator muscles strength increased 22.25 ± 15.06 N (P= 0.004, effect size = 1.48) within FLEXI-BAR group and 22.81 ± 14.94 N (P= 0.007, effect size = 1.53) within TheraBand group. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in the three muscle strength tests (P> 0.65). Regarding shoulder function, FLEXI-BAR exercises increased the throw distance 0.81 ± 0.92 meters in USDTT (P= 0.041, effect size = 0.88) while TheraBand exercise did not (P= 0.284), yet there was no statistically significant between group effects (P= 0.608).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that shoulder vibratory exercises can improve shoulder muscles strength in young adults and can be a useful alternative to the conventional elastic resistance exercises to improve the shoulder muscles strength and function. This provides therapists with more options in terms of choosing training equipment for rehabilitation programs.

PMID:37458007 | DOI:10.3233/BMR-220190

J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2023 Jul 6. doi: 10.3233/BMR-220174. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In recent years, percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) has been increasingly used in clinical settings.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to determine the analgesic effect of intravertebral lidocaine injections in PKP.

METHODS: A total of 60 patients who were treated with PKP were enrolled in this study. Lidocaine hydrochloride was chosen as the medication for the experimental group. Patients were randomly assigned into three groups using a double-blind study design: In group A (20 cases), no drugs were injected into the vertebral body during surgery; group B (20 cases) received intravertebral injection of normal saline; and in group C (20 cases), lidocaine hydrochloride was administered into the vertebral body during surgery. The age of patients, operation time, balloon dilatation pressure, balloon dilatation volume, and amount of bone cement injected were compared across the three groups. A pain visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess pain suffered by the patients before, during, and 24 hours after the surgery.

RESULTS: Age, operation time, balloon dilatation pressure, balloon dilatation volume, and amount of bone cement injected did not differ significantly among the three groups (P> 0.05). The differences in VAS scores 24 hours before and after surgery were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Group C had lower intraoperative VAS scores than groups A and B, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between group A and group B (P> 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Intravertebral injections of lidocaine during PKP can successfully reduce intraoperative pain.

PMID:37458006 | DOI:10.3233/BMR-220174

Front Nutr. 2023 Jun 30;10:1218453. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1218453. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is a common geriatric disease. Many dietary factors may contribute to the development of sarcopenia. Few studies have been conducted on dietary diversity and sarcopenia in Chinese older adults. Among a nationwide sample, the objective of this study is to assess the association between the dietary diversity score (DDS) and the prevalence of possible sarcopenia. We considered the different patterns of dietary diversity in relation to possible sarcopenia.

METHODS: We conducted this analysis utilizing the cross-sectional data from the 2012, 2014, and 2018 waves of the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey (CLHLS). A standard developed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS2019) was used to assess the possibility of sarcopenia. On the basis of the DDS generated by previous studies, we have constructed four new indicators as follows: total diet, animal-based diet, plant-based diet, and plant-based diet without the consumption of legume products and nuts. We used the generalized estimation equation (GEE) model to evaluate the associations between the DDS of the total diet, animal-based diet, plant-based diet, and plant-based diet without the intake of legume products and nuts and possible sarcopenia. These associations were statistically adjusted for a variety of potential confounders. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding some participants who were long-term bedridden, had Alzheimer’s disease, or were terminally ill.

RESULTS: The analysis included 6,624 participants (mean age 83.4 years at baseline). In our study, we found that participants with a higher DDS of the total diet (OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.51-0.77), animal-based diet (OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.49-0.79), and plant-based diet (OR = 0.64;95% CI: 0.51-0.80) were at a lower risk of developing sarcopenia. In sensitivity analyses, the associations remained unchanged.

CONCLUSION: Taking a diversified diet, including animal foods, may reduce the risk of developing sarcopenia. According to the findings of this study, adopting a diversified diet might reduce the risk of sarcopenia for older adults.

PMID:37457980 | PMC:PMC10348914 | DOI:10.3389/fnut.2023.1218453

Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Jun 29;13:1179885. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1179885. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Human monkeypox (mpox) disease is a multicountry outbreak driven by human-human transmission which has resulted in an international public health emergency. However, there is limited evidence on the positivity rate of skin lesions for mpox viral DNA. We aim to fill this gap by estimating the pooled positivity rate of skin samples with mpox viral DNA from mpox patients globally.

METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, seven databases and several preprint servers have been extensively searched until 17 January 2023 according to a prospectively registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42023392505). Articles including the positivity rate of skin samples with mpox viral DNA in mpox-confirmed patients were considered eligible. After a quality assessment, a random-effect meta-analysis was used for pooled prevalence. To explore and resolve heterogeneity, we used statistical methods for outlier detection, influence analysis, and sensitivity analysis.

FINDINGS: Among the 331 articles retrieved after deduplication, 14 studies were finally included. The pooled positivity rate of the skin samples was 98.77% (95% CI: 94.74%-99.72%). After the removal of an influential outlier, I ² for heterogeneity dropped from 92.5% to 10.8%. Meta-regression did not reveal any significant moderator.

CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: The present findings reinforce that skin lesions act as a reservoir of mpox viral DNA and contribute to a high infectivity risk. This may be a prevailing basis of prompt transmission during the current multicountry outbreak and also needs further investigation. The present imperative outcome may benefit in producing valuable preventive and management procedures in an appropriate health strategy.

PMID:37457957 | PMC:PMC10349178 | DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1179885

Int J Bioprint. 2023 Jun 13;9(5):772. doi: 10.18063/ijb.772. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to design an anatomical contour metal three-dimensional (3D)-printed oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) cage with porous (lattices) structure and embedded screw fixation to enhance bone ingrowth to reduce the risk of cage subsidence and avoid the stress-shielding effect. Finite element (FE) analysis and weight topology optimization (WTO) were used to optimize the structural design of the OLIF cage based on the anatomical contour morphology of patients with osteoporosis. Two oblique embedded fixation screws and lattice design with 65% porosity and average pore size of 750 μm were equipped with the cage structure. The cage was fabricated via metal 3D printing, and static/dynamic compression and compressive-shear tests were performed in accordance with the ASTM F2077-14 standard to evaluate its mechanical resistance. On FE analysis, the OLIF cage with embedded screw model had the most stability, lowest stress values on the endplate, and uniform stress distribution versus standalone cage and fixed with lateral plate under extension, lateral flexion, and rotation. The fatigue test showed that the stiffnesses/endurance limits (pass 5 million dynamic test) were 16,658 N/mm/6000 N for axial load and 19,643 N/mm/2700 N for compression shear. In conclusion, an OLIF cage with embedded fixation screws can be designed by integrating FE and WTO analysis based on the statistical results of endplate morphology. This improves the stability of the OLIF cage to decrease endplate destruction. The complex contour and lattice design of the OLIF cage need to be manufactured via metal 3D printing; the dynamic axial compression and compressive-shear strengths are greater than that of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standard.

PMID:37457946 | PMC:PMC10339428 | DOI:10.18063/ijb.772