Category: Nevin Manimala

BMC Oral Health. 2023 Jul 15;23(1):491. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03182-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the radiopacity of calcium silicate cements using a digital imaging method.

METHODS: Four calcium silicate cements, NeoMTA 2, OrthoMTA, ProRoot MTA, and Biodentine, were used in this study. Disk-shaped samples were prepared from each material and placed on a plexiglass plate. An aluminum step-wedge was placed alongside the samples on a digital sensor and exposed to 70 kVp and 8 mA from 30 cm away for 0.32 s. The greyness values ​​of the tested materials were measured digitally with the system software and compared with those of the step-wedge to determine the equivalent aluminum thickness.

RESULTS: The radiopacity values, expressed in equivalent millimetres of aluminum, of the studied materials ProRoot MTA, OrthoMTA, NeoMTA 2, and Biodentine were 4.32 ± 0.17 mm Al, 3.92 ± 0.09 mm Al, 3.83 ± 0.07 mm Al, and 2.29 ± 0.21 mm Al, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between the mean radiographic density values of the tested materials (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: ProRoot MTA was the most radiopaque root canal filling material among the tested materials. All materials, except Biodentine, were found to be compliant with the minimum radiopacity requirements of ISO 6876 and ADA 57 standards.

PMID:37454108 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-023-03182-w

BMC Chem. 2023 Jul 15;17(1):76. doi: 10.1186/s13065-023-00986-3.

ABSTRACT

Two Chromatographic methods have been established and optimized for simultaneous determination of serdexmethylphenidate (SER.DMP) and dexmethylphenidate (DMP) in the presence of their degradation products. The first method is a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Isocratic separation was carried out on Waters X-bridge Shield RP₁₈ column (150×3.9×5 μm particle size) using a mixture of 5 mM phosphate buffer (pH 5.5): acetonitrile (40:60, v/v) as a mobile phase, flow rate 1 mL/min and detection at 220 nm. The second method is a thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometry method using methanol: chloroform (70:30, v/v) as a mobile phase and UV scanning at 220 nm. In HPLC method, the linearity range of SER.DMP was (2.5-25 μg/mL); with LOD (0.051 μg/mL) and LOQ (0.165 μg/mL) while for DMP was (2.5-25 μg/mL); with LOD and LOQ of (0.098 μg/mL) and (0.186 μg/mL), respectively. For TLC method the sensitivity range of SER.DMP was (5-25 μg/mL), LOD was (0.184 μg/spot), while LOQ was (0.202 μg/ spot) whereas for DMP the sensitivity range was (5-25 μg/mL) with LOD of (0.115 μg/ spot) and LOQ of (0.237 μg/ spot), respectively. SER.DMP was found to be equally labile to acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, whereas DMP was sensitive to acidic hydrolysis only. Both drugs were successfully determined in presence of acidic and basic degradants by the two developed methods (stability indicating assay method). Chromatographic separation of the degradation products was carried out on TLC aluminum silica plates 60 F254, as a stationary phase, using methanol: dichloroethane: acetonitrile (60:20:20 v/v), as a mobile phase. The degradation pathway was confirmed using TLC, IR, ¹H-NMR and mass spectroscopy; moreover, the separation power was correlated to the computational results by applying molecular dynamic simulation. The developed methods were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines demonstrating good accuracy and precision. They were successfully applied for quantitation of SER.DMP and DMP in pure and capsule forms. The results were statistically compared with those obtained by the reported method in terms of accuracy, precision and robustness, and no significant difference was found.

PMID:37454105 | DOI:10.1186/s13065-023-00986-3

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023 Jul 15;23(1):517. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-05837-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the most suitable endometrial thickness (EMT) on the day of embryo transfer that could reduce ectopic pregnancy rate (EPR) and improve clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) in fresh embryo transfer patients with early follicular phase long-acting regimen.

METHODS: A total of 11,738 IVF/ICSI cycles, comprising 4,489 non-clinical pregnancies, 7,121 intrauterine pregnancies, and 128 ectopic pregnancy cycles after fresh embryo transfer, recorded between September 2017 and December 2020. Clinical pregnancy (CP) and ectopic pregnancy (EP) were the primary outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for EP and CP. Patients were divided into three groups based on the EMT (6-10 mm, 11-15 mm, and 16-20 mm). CPR and EPR per millimeter of EMT were drawn into a line chart, and three groups were analyzed by Chi-square test.

RESULTS: After controlling for potential confounders, EMT had a significant effect on CP (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05-1.08; P = 0.00) and EP (aOR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.94; P = 0.00). With the increase of EMT, CPR increased and EPR decreased. Pearson correlation coefficients were r = 0.708 (P = 0.00) and r =-0.558 (P = 0.03), respectively. Significant differenceswere detected in the CPRs and EPRs (all P = 0.00). The CPR in the 6-10 mm group (54.88%) was significantly lower than that in the 11-15 mm group (64.23%) and the 16-20 mm group (64.40%) (P = 0.00). The EPR in the 6-10 mm group (2.72%) was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (1.60% and 0.97%, P = 0.00). The difference in CPR and EPR between the 11-15 mm group and the 16-20 mm group was not statistically significant, which indicated that EMT ≥ 11 mm simultaneously reduced the EPR and increased the CPR.

CONCLUSIONS: EMT was inversely proportional to EPR and directly proportional to CPR in fresh embryo transfer cycles. The EMT ≥ 11 mm on the day of embryo transfer could simultaneously achieve lower EPR and higher CPR. Accordingly, more attention should be given to the EMT of women who underwent ART treatment.

PMID:37454102 | DOI:10.1186/s12884-023-05837-6

Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2023 Jul 15;21(1):74. doi: 10.1186/s12955-023-02157-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Positive results for clinical outcomes should be not only statistically significant, but also clinically significant. The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) is used to define the minimum threshold of clinical significance. The anchor-based method is a classical method for ascertaining MCID. This study aimed to summarise the design of the anchors of the anchor-based method by reviewing the existing research and providing references and suggestions.

METHOD: This study was mainly based on literature research. We performed a systematic search using Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts to identify relevant articles. Data were extracted from eligible articles using a predefined data collection form. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion and the involvement of a third reviewer.

RESULT: Three hundred and forty articles were retained for final analysis. For the design of anchors, Subjective anchors (99.12%) were the most common type of anchor used, mainly the Patient’s rating of change or patient satisfaction (66.47%) and related scale health status evaluation items or scores (39.41%). Almost half of the studies (48.53%) did not assess the correlation test between the anchor and the research indicator or scale. The cut-off values and grouping were usually based on the choice of the anchor types. In addition, due to the large number of included studies, this study selected the most calculated SF-36 (28 articles) for an in-depth analysis. The results showed that the overall design of the anchor and the cut-off value were the same as above. The statistical methods used were mostly traditional (mean change, ROC). The MCID thresholds of these studies had a wide range (SF-36 PCS: 2-17.4, SF-36 MCS: 1.46-10.28), and different anchors or statistical methods lead to different results.

CONCLUSION: It is of great importance to select several types of anchors and to use more reliable statistical methods to calculate the MCID. It is suggested that the order of selection of anchors should be: objective anchors > anchors with established MCID in subjective anchors (specific scale > generic scale) > ranked anchors in subjective anchors. The selection of internal anchors should be avoided, and anchors should be evaluated by a correlation test.

PMID:37454099 | DOI:10.1186/s12955-023-02157-3

J Orthop Surg Res. 2023 Jul 15;18(1):501. doi: 10.1186/s13018-023-03976-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is generally encouraged for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, epidemiological statistics on the level of physical activity required for bone health are scarce. The purpose of this research was to analyze the association between PA and total spine bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.

METHODS: The research study included postmenopausal women aged ≥ 50 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The metabolic equivalent (MET), weekly frequency, and duration of each activity were used to calculate PA. Furthermore, the correlations between BMD and PA were investigated by multivariable weighted logistic regression.

RESULTS: Eventually, 1681 postmenopausal women were included, with a weighted mean age of 62.27 ± 8.18 years. This study found that performing ≥ 38MET-h/wk was linked to a lower risk of osteoporosis after controlling for several covariates. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis revealed that the connection between total spine BMD and moderate-to-vigorous PA was more obvious among postmenopausal women aged < 65 years or individuals with normal BMI (< 25 kg/m²).

CONCLUSION: Physical activity ranging from moderate to vigorous was linked to higher total spine BMD in postmenopausal women.

PMID:37454096 | DOI:10.1186/s13018-023-03976-2

Hum Genomics. 2023 Jul 15;17(1):63. doi: 10.1186/s40246-023-00509-0.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The adoption and implementation of genomic medicine and pharmacogenomics (PGx) in healthcare systems have been very slow and limited worldwide. Major barriers to knowledge translation into clinical practice lie in the level of literacy of the public of genetics and genomics. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) multi-ethnic communities toward genomic medicine and genetic testing.

METHOD: A cross-sectional study using validated questionnaires was distributed to the participants. Descriptive statistics were performed, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with knowledge of genomics.

RESULTS: 757 individuals completed the survey. Only 7% of the participants had a good knowledge level in genetics and genomics (95% CI 5.3-9.0%). However, 76.9% of the participants were willing to take a genetic test if their relatives had a genetic disease. In addition, the majority indicated that they would disclose their genetic test results to their spouses (61.5%) and siblings (53.4%).

CONCLUSIONS: This study sets the stage for the stakeholders to plan health promotion and educational campaigns to improve the genomic literacy of the community of the UAE as part of their efforts for implementing precision and personalized medicine in the country.

PMID:37454085 | DOI:10.1186/s40246-023-00509-0

BMC Med Genomics. 2023 Jul 15;16(1):167. doi: 10.1186/s12920-023-01591-y.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological studies have confirmed that low birth weight (BW) is related to neuroticism and they may have a common genetic mechanism based on phenotypic correlation research. We conducted our study on a European population with 159,208 neuroticism and 289,142 birth weight samples. In this study, we aimed to identify new neuroticism single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and pleiotropic SNPs associated with neuroticism and BW and to provide more theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of the disease.

METHODS: We estimated the pleiotropic enrichment between neuroticism and BW in two independent Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) when the statistical thresholds were Conditional False Discovery Rate (cFDR) < 0.01 and Conjunctional Conditional False Discovery Rate (ccFDR) < 0.05. We performed gene annotation and gene functional analysis on the selected significant SNPs to determine the biological role of gene function and pathogenesis. Two-sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR) analysis was performed to explore the causal relationship between the neuroticism and BW.

RESULTS: The conditional quantile-quantile plots (Q-Q plot) indicated that neuroticism and BW have strong genetic pleiotropy enrichment trends. With the threshold of cFDR < 0.001, we identified 126 SNPs related to neuroticism and 172 SNPs related to BW. With the threshold of ccFDR < 0.05, we identified 62 SNPs related to both neuroticism and BW. Among these SNPs, rs8039305 and rs35755513 have eQTL (expressed quantitative trait loci) and meQTL (methylation quantitative trait loci) effects simultaneously. Through GO enrichment analysis we also found that the two pathways of positive regulation of “mesenchymal cell proliferation” and “DNA-binding transcription factor activity” were significantly enriched in neuroticism and BW. Mendelian randomization analysis results indicate that there is no obvious causal relationship between neuroticism and birth weight.

CONCLUSION: We found 126 SNPs related to neuroticism, 172 SNPs related to BW and 62 SNPs associated with both neuroticism and BW, which provided a theoretical basis for their genetic mechanism and novel potential targets for treatment/intervention development.

PMID:37454083 | DOI:10.1186/s12920-023-01591-y

AIDS Res Ther. 2023 Jul 15;20(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s12981-023-00546-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Kidney disease is an important comorbidity in people living with HIV(PLWH), and is associated with poor outcomes. However, data on renal function of PLWH are limited in China so far. In this study we assessed the prevalence of kidney disease in patients either on antiretroviral therapy (ART) or not respectively in a single center in China and explored the possible risk factors associated.

METHODS: In the cross-sectional study, we recruited hospitalized adult PLWH. Demographic characteristics, clinical information and laboratory variables were collected. Kidney disease was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m², and/or isolated hematuria, proteinuria, microalbuminuria. We calculated the prevalence of kidney disease and used logistic regression to assess its associated risk factors.

RESULTS: A total of 501 adult PLWH were enrolled, 446 (89.0%) males and 55 (11.0%) females. The median age was 39 (IQR 30-50) years old. The prevalence of kidney disease was 19.0%, 22 (4.4%) patients with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m², 53 (10.6%) patients with hematuria, 11 (2.2%) patients with proteinuria, and 40 (8.0%) patients with microalbuminuria. 297 (59.3%) patients were receiving ART. The patients on ART had a higher prevalence of renal disease than those had not been administrated with ART (22.6% vs. 13.7%, P = 0.013). On the multivariate logistic regression analysis among patients not on ART, lower haemoglobin (OR 0.994, 95%CI: 0.902-0.988, P = 0.013) were significantly associated with kidney disease. While among those on ART, older age (OR 1.034, 95%CI: 1.003-1.066, P = 0.032), lower haemoglobin (OR 0.968, 95%CI: 0.948-0.988, P = 0.002) and lower albumin (OR 0.912, 95%CI: 0.834-0.997, P = 0.044) were significantly associated with kidney disease.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of kidney disease among hospitalized PLWH in China is high, especially in patients on ART. A larger scale study on Chinese outpatient PLWH should be conducted, so as to precisely assess prevalence of kidney disease in general Chinese PLWH.

PMID:37454082 | DOI:10.1186/s12981-023-00546-8

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2023 Jul 15;24(1):578. doi: 10.1186/s12891-023-06713-2.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of surgical treatment for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (MCSM) between the hybrid procedure, posterior endoscopic decompression (PED) combined with anterior cervical discectomy fusion (ACDF), and posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion (PCLF).

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 38 patients who received surgical treatment for MCSM from January 2018 to December 2021, including 19 cases in hybrid procedure group (13 males and 6 females), followed up for 10 to 22 (12.8 ± 10.3) months, and 19 cases in PCLF group (15 males and 4 females), followed up for 10 to 21 (11.7 ± 8.9) months. Perioperative information, including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospitalization, and complications, were compared between two groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, neck disability index (NDI) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were recorded to evaluate clinical efficacy. Cervical lordosis was calculated by radiographic examination.

RESULTS: Intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay were less in hybrid group than PCLF group, while operation time is longer in hybrid group, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Increased lordosis was better in hybrid group. There was no significant difference in preoperative VAS, JOA and NDI at pre-operation and final follow-up between two groups. But at post-operation and final follow-up, VAS was less in hybrid group than PCLF group (p < 0.05). There were 2 cases of neurostimulation symptoms in hybrid group, 2 cases of C5 nerve root palsy, 2 cases of subcutaneous fat necrosis and 1 case of dural tear in PCLF group, and all patients relieved with symptomatic treatment.

CONCLUSION: The hybrid procedure of PED combined with ACDF showed satisfied clinical outcome, with less intraoperative blood loss, shorter length of hospitalization and lower post-operative neck pain than PCLF. It is an effective surgical treatment for MCSM.

PMID:37454072 | DOI:10.1186/s12891-023-06713-2

BMC Vet Res. 2023 Jul 15;19(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s12917-023-03638-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Confinement of cattle imposes spatial restrictions and predisposes to aversive social encounters that can lead to contusions, wounds, pain, stress, fright, and reduced productivity. Although endogenous testosterone concentrations are linked to agonistic dominance behaviors in males, it is unknown whether decreased blood testosterone concentrations after castration alter social hierarchy rank in Nelore bulls. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the impact of the surgical would inflammation post-orchiectomy on social dynamics in a group of Nelore bulls (Bos indicus). Fourteen Nelore (Bos indicus) bulls were castrated and assessed pre- and post-surgically. Parameters evaluated were agonistic (mounting, headbutting, and fighting) and affiliative (head-play) behavior, plasma testosterone concentrations, average daily weight gain (ADG), and a score for severity of post-surgical infection. Exploratory statistics included social network analysis (SNA), hierarchy rank delta (Δ), and principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, statistical inferences included the Wilcoxon test, multiple logistic regression models, and Spearman’s correlation.

RESULTS: The social dynamic of Nelore bulls was modified after castration based on the findings of the SNA and the PCA. The moderate correlation between the postoperative inflammation level with the Δ, and the significant effect of this level in the logistic model post-castration were partially attributed to effects of pain on social relations.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest the severity of post-surgical inflammation, which has an association with pain intensity, was closely associated with changes in the social hierarchy.

PMID:37454070 | DOI:10.1186/s12917-023-03638-9