Category: Nevin Manimala

J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2023 Aug 9:1-5. doi: 10.2460/javma.23.05.0273. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare long-term outcomes of lower lid entropion surgery performed in juvenile dogs versus adult dogs and evaluate the success rate of temporary tacking procedures in dogs < 1 year of age.

ANIMALS: 116 client-owned dogs.

METHODS: A retrospective study was performed evaluating dogs younger than 3 years old diagnosed with primary lower lid entropion between 2010 and 2020. Recurrence of entropion following temporary tacking sutures was evaluated. Surgical outcomes were evaluated of entropion surgery in dogs < and > 1 year of age.

RESULTS: 44 dogs with entropion (71 eyes) had a temporary tacking procedure. The entropion resolved in 36.6% of eyes, requiring no further therapy. The median age of dogs successfully treated with a temporary tacking procedure was younger than those that failed. Forty-seven dogs (75 eyes) had entropion surgery at maturity, and 52 dogs (79 eyes) were juvenile. Twenty-seven dogs had temporary tacking procedure prior to surgery, accounting for the difference in number. There was no statistically significant difference in the recurrence rate of entropion between eyes of adult (6/75 [8%]) and juvenile dogs (10/79 [12.7%]) following surgery.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Entropion surgery in juvenile dogs is not associated with a higher risk of recurrence and need not be delayed until dogs are older than 1 year of age.

PMID:37562785 | DOI:10.2460/javma.23.05.0273

J Acad Nutr Diet. 2023 Aug 8:S2212-2672(23)01309-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.08.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Childhood diet can impact health outcomes over the life course. Few studies have assessed dietary quality among infants and children in the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific (USAP) region.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the differences in diet quality among Pacific children in the Children’s Healthy Living (CHL) program by Pacific jurisdiction and by their World Bank Income Group (WBIG) level.

DESIGN: This cross-sectional study used dietary records collected from 2012 to 2015.

PARTICIPANTS: /Setting: Data were collected on two- to eight-year-old children (n=3,529) enrolled in the Children’s Healthy Living Program for Remote Underserved Minority Populations in the Pacific region, conducted in the USAP jurisdictions of Alaska, Hawai’i, American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Guam, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM islands include Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Yap), Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), and Republic of Palau.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005). This HEI version was commensurate with the time of dietary data collection for the CHL project and previous studies, thus allowing cross study comparisons.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED: Means of total HEI-2005 scores between jurisdictions and their WBIG level were compared using linear models, with and without adjustment for age, sex, and dietary energy.

RESULTS: Differences in mean HEI-2005 scores among children were found between jurisdictions and their WBIG level. Alaska had the highest adjusted mean score (63.3). RMI had the lowest adjusted mean score (50.1). By WBIG, lower-middle income jurisdictions had the lowest adjusted mean HEI-2005 score (56.0) whereas high income jurisdictions had the highest adjusted mean HEI-2005 score (60.5).

CONCLUSIONS: Variation in children’s diet quality was found between USAP jurisdictions, notably between jurisdictions of different WBIG levels. Future research is needed to deepen understanding of these differences in diet quality by WBIG level, such as whether differences may be due to the jurisdictions’ varying food systems, and possibly explained by the nutrition transition. Understanding childhood diet quality in this region can inform approaches for nutrition programs in the Pacific region.

PMID:37562772 | DOI:10.1016/j.jand.2023.08.003

Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Aug 8:S0210-5705(23)00379-5. doi: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2023.08.001. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is the most frequent cause of portal hypertension in paediatric population. Baveno VI Consensus considers endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) as the second therapeutic option after Meso-Rex bypass (surgical shunt).

AIM: analyse the diagnostic profitability of non-invasive scales in order to predict the risk of oesophageal varices (OV) in children with PVT.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: descriptive retrospective study where every upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) carried on patients <15 years old with non-cirrhotic PVT were included. There were divided according to the presence of OV and sex, cause, age, previous gastrointestinal bleeding or treatments, results of UGE and scales (Clinical Prediction Rule-CPR), Varices Prediction Rule-VPR), King’s Variceal Prediction Score-K-VaPS) and Platelet count / Spleen diameter Ratio-PSR). Qualitative variables were expressed as absolute frequency and percentage, and quantitative variables as median and intercuartilic range. U Man-Whitney and Hanley-McNeil tests were used for comparisons.

RESULTS: 45 UGE were analysed. 80%(n=36) presented OV: median of 3(2 – 3) and 33,3%(n=12) required EVL. Statistical differences were demonstrated between both groups: CPR (142,39 (132,22 – 166,53) vs. 122,75 (115,24 – 133,15); p=0,003), VPR (9,91 (9,36 – 11,75) vs. 5,6 (3,34 – 8,39) p=0,001), K-VaPS (117,86 (99,66 – 126,58) vs. 99,64 (94,88 – 110,18) p=0,019), PSR (2384,62 (1902,22 – 3201,63) vs. 1252,5 (579,6 – 2144,42) p=0,05), with and area under the curve AUROC>75%, without statistical differences between scales.

CONCLUSIONS: in paediatric patients with non-cirrotic PVT non-invasive scales can be used as a tool to predict the presence of OV and raise the indication of UGE.

PMID:37562768 | DOI:10.1016/j.gastrohep.2023.08.001

Environ Res. 2023 Aug 8:116859. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116859. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The characterization of a rainfall simulator provides an excellent opportunity to study the potential of soil erosivity without waiting for natural rain. But, precise instrumentation is required to estimate the parameters, which is seldom available. To overcome this problem, the empirical and conceptual relationships obtained through physically-based modeling help to correlate the rain parameters contributing to soil erosion. The present laboratory study used five pressurized nozzles of different capacities and a Laser Precipitation Monitor (LPM) to generate different rain intensities (21.0-79.0 mm h^-1) and to register drop size distribution, respectively. The sediment transportation induced by rain and runoff was measured with an erosion flume of 2.50 × 1.25 × 0.56 m with an adjustable longitudinal slope. The spatial uniformity, drop size distribution, drop velocity, and kinetic energy were used to evaluate the simulator’s performance. The different rain erosivity parameters were correlated and tested statistically using linear and non-linear regression analysis. The rain simulation experiments of different intensities at different pressure ranges were performed on flat, 5, 10, and 15% slopes of the erosion flume to evaluate rain characteristics and record the surface runoff and sediment yield. The median drop sizes produced during the simulator ranged from 0.38 to 2.11 mm, coinciding with natural rain. The empirical relationships were developed to correlate surface discharge and sediment yield with rain intensity by optimizing the parameters for further study of experimental field plots of different slopes. The observed and estimated rain erosivity parameters showed a significant relationship (R² = 0.75 to 0.93; P < 0.001) in multiple regression analysis, and the metrics used to test the developed regression equations showed lower MAE, MSE, and RMSE errors indicating the adequacy of the relationships. The results indicated that the simulator helps to understand the complex task of soil erosion with hydrologic and geomorphic processes in laboratory experimentation with sufficient accuracy in measuring sediment transport events.

PMID:37562739 | DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2023.116859

Toxicol Lett. 2023 Aug 8:S0378-4274(23)00238-2. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.08.001. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Arsenic is among the most critical environmental toxicants associated with many human disorders. However, its effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is contradictory. This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis aim to update information on the association between arsenic exposure and the risk of T2DM. The sample type (drinking water, urine, blood, and nails) conducted the subgroup analysis. Evaluation of the high vs. low arsenic concentrations showed a significant association between drinking water arsenic (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.20-2.08) and urinary arsenic (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.24-1.51) with the risk of T2DM. The linear dose-response meta-analysis showed that each 1μg/L increase in levels of drinking water arsenic (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01) and urinary arsenic (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02) was associated with a 1% increased risk of T2DM. The non-linear dose-response analysis indicated that arsenic in urine was associated with the risk of T2DM (_{Pnon-linearity}<0.001). However, this effect was not statistically significant for arsenic in drinking water (_{Pnon-linearity}=0.941). Our findings suggest that blood arsenic was not significantly linked to the increased risk of T2DM in high vs. low (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.85-1.71), linear (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.99-1.09), and non-linear (P_{non-linearity}=0.365) analysis. Also, nail arsenic was not associated with the risk of T2DM in this meta-analysis (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 0.69-2.59). This updated dose-response meta-analysis indicated that arsenic exposure was significantly correlated with the risk of T2DM.

PMID:37562716 | DOI:10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.08.001

Clin Microbiol Infect. 2023 Aug 8:S1198-743X(23)00365-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.08.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the impact of social distancing on the incidence and microbiology of peritonsillar abscess (PTA).

METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of all PTA patients and their microbiological findings in the two years preceding versus the two years following the COVID-19 lockdown in Denmark (March 11, 2020), who were admitted to the Ear-Nose-Throat Department, Aarhus University Hospital. Age-stratified population data for the catchment area were obtained from Statistics Denmark.

RESULTS: The annual incidence rate was significantly higher in the two-years period before (21.8 cases/100,000 inhabitants) compared to after (14.9 cases/100,000) the lockdown (p<0.001). The number of cases with growth of S. pyogenes was significantly higher in the period before (n=67) compared to after (n=28) the lockdown (p<0.001), while the number of cases positive for F. necrophorum (n=60 vs n=64) and streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) (n=37 vs n=43) were stabile (p=0.79 and p=0.58, respectively). The relative prevalence of S. pyogenes was significantly higher in the period before (67/246 cultures, 27%) compared to after (28/179, 16%) the lockdown (p=0.007). On the contrary, the relative prevalence of F. necrophorum and SAG were significantly lower before (60/246, 24% and 37/246, 15%) compared to after (64/179, 36% and 43/179, 24%) the lockdown (p=0.013 and p=0.023).

CONCLUSIONS: Social distancing had a significant impact on the incidence and microbiology of PTA. Our findings suggest that S. pyogenes-positive PTA is highly related to direct social interaction, and represents a contagious pathogen. By contrast, PTA development caused by F. necrophorum and SAG are unrelated to direct social interaction and may be derived from flora imbalance.

PMID:37562694 | DOI:10.1016/j.cmi.2023.08.003

World Neurosurg. 2023 Aug 8:S1878-8750(23)01109-9. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.007. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The decision for treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) is often difficult. Innovation in endovascular devices have improved the benefit-to-risk profile for especially elderly patients, however the treatment guidelines from the past decade often recommend conservative management. It is unknown how these changes have affected the overall age of the patients selected for treatment. Herein, we aimed to study potential changes in the average age of the patients that are being treated over time.

METHODS: A systematic search of the literature was performed to identify all studies describing the age of the UIAs that were treated by any modality. Scatter diagrams with trend lines were used to plot the age of the patients treated over time and assess the presence of a potential significant trend via statistical correlation tests.

RESULTS: A total of 280 studies including 83,437 UIAs treated between 1987-2021 met all eligibility criteria and were entered in the analysis. Mean age of the patients was 55.5 years and 70.7% were females. There was a significant increasing trend in the age of the treated patients over time (Spearman’s r: 0.250; p < 0.001), with a 1-year increase in the average age of the treated patients every 5 years since 1987.

CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that based on the treated UIA patient data published in the literature, older UIAs are being treated over time. This trend is likely driven by safer treatments while suggesting that reevaluation of certain UIA treatment decision scores may be of great interest.

PMID:37562685 | DOI:10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.007

World Neurosurg. 2023 Aug 8:S1878-8750(23)01107-5. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Disc degeneration following trauma has been the focus of several investigations, while vertebral endplate changes have received comparatively less attention. The main aim of the study is to radiologically evaluate the prevalence of degree of degeneration of the adjacent discs and endplates following AO type A thoracolumbar fractures.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 25 patients with AO type A injury (50 discs, and 150 endplates). The type of disc lesion adjacent to the fractured vertebra was classified based on Pfirrmann’s and Oner’s classifications, immediately after trauma and at 1-year follow-up. The endplate defects were assessed using the endplate scoring system (TEPS – grade 1 to 6) in T1 weighted images. The kyphosis angle and the vertebral body height were also measured.

RESULTS: The study population consisted of 18 males (72%) and 7 females (28%) with a mean age of 38.9 ±11.3 years. Overall, 28% of fractures were type A1, 4% were type A2, 24 % were type A3 and 44% were type A4. On statistical analysis, there was a significant change in the degree of degeneration in the cranial adjacent disc based on both Oner (p=0.004) and Pfirrmann (p=0.001) classification at the end of 1-year. The morphological changes at the cranial adjacent discs at 1-year follow-up showed a strong positive correlation with superior endplate degeneration.

CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that endplate fractures of vertebrae in patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures may cause disc degeneration, especially at the cranial endplate.

PMID:37562684 | DOI:10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.005

World Neurosurg. 2023 Aug 8:S1878-8750(23)01112-9. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.008. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Analysis to investigate the correlation between bone cement distribution and adjacent vertebral fractures(AVF) after percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP).

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent single-segment PVP for osteoporotic compression fractures in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2021, and divided the patients into two groups, A and B, based on the criterion of whether there were AVF of the operated vertebrae within 1 year after surgery, and compared the general data of the two groups; we assessed the ability of three simple X-ray-based evaluation methods to predict the occurrence of AVF within 1 year after surgery, and derived a simple and accurate evaluation method.

RESULTS: A total of 570 patients were included in this study, including 511 patients in group A and 59 patients in group B. There were no statistical differences in the general data such as age, gender and fracture site between the two groups. The posterior-anterior (PA), lateral (LAT) and PA & LAT methods showed receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) predicted postoperative AVF of 0.611,0.691 and 0.714, respectively. The difference between the area under curve(AUC) of PA method and LAT method was statistically significant(P=0.0307), the difference between the AUC of PA method and PA & LAT method was statistically significant (P<0.001), the difference between the AUC of LAT method and PA & LAT method was not statistically significant (P= 0.3308).There was no statistical difference between the two groups of patients with PA method point of 1 and statistically different between patients with points of 2 and 3 , statistically different in patients with LAT method points of 1, 2 and 3 in the two groups, and a positive correlation between cement distribution scores and AVF by linear regression analysis of the three evaluation methods.

CONCLUSIONS: The three evaluation methods reliably predict AVF after PVP, with LAT, PA & LAT method being more predictive than the PA method, but the LAT method being simpler, with bone cement being widely distributed after crossing the midline in the PA method and contact with the upper and lower endplates in the LAT method being a risk factor for AVF.

PMID:37562680 | DOI:10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.008

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2023 Aug 8:S0022-5223(23)00660-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.08.006. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:37562676 | DOI:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.08.006