Category: Nevin Manimala

Int Breastfeed J. 2025 Aug 30;20(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s13006-025-00758-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The first primary care visit of the newborn aims to assess neonatal feeding, promote breastfeeding, and identify potential health issues. This study examines the relationship between the timing of the first visit and the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at one month of life.

METHODS: This prospective, observational, analytical study was conducted in Spain through a paediatric research network. Data were collected from newborns at both the first visit and the one-month check-up. Selected variables were compared with those from a 2014 study by the same network to estimate EBF rates at the first visit. The primary outcome was EBF prevalence at one month, measured using 2024 data. EBF was defined as receiving only breast milk in the past 24 h. To analyse factors associated with EBF over time, generalised estimating equation models with binomial distribution and logit link function were used in univariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS: A total of 1952 cases were collected in 2024, with the first visit at 9.3 ± 6.1 days after discharge, compared to 2047 cases in 2014 at 10.7 ± 6.3 days. EBF prevalence at the first visit was 63.1% in 2014 and 62.6% in 2024. In 2024, EBF prevalence at one month was 55.0% (95% CI 52.7, 57.3). Previous maternal breastfeeding experience was the strongest predictor of EBF at one month (AOR 14.61, 95% CI 5.04, 42.33). Having the first visit within 7 days of life was associated with higher EBF maintenance at one month in univariate analysis (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.17, 1.53), but not in multivariate analysis (AOR 0.90, 95% CI 0.47, 1.74).

CONCLUSIONS: The first primary care visit of the newborn occurs late in Spain. Rates of EBF have declined over the past decade, highlighting the need for targeted interventions that address modifiable determinants. The strongest predictor for EBF at one month is having previous breastfeeding experience. Early postnatal follow-up of newborns in primary care appears to have a beneficial effect on EBF maintenance at one month, although other determinants may mediate or influence its impact.

PMID:40885997 | DOI:10.1186/s13006-025-00758-w

BMC Health Serv Res. 2025 Aug 30;25(1):1156. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-13200-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Burnout affects the physical and mental health of residents. This study aims to investigate the association between burnout and health across biological, psychological, and social domains among Chinese residents.

METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2022 to June 2024 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital in China. A total of 274 resident physicians were recruited, with 207 providing valid responses. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), while general health was measured using the Union Physio-Psycho-Social Assessment Questionnaire (UPPSAQ-70). Self-efficacy and subjective incompetence were also evaluated. Network analysis was applied to identify the centrality of various health factors in relation to burnout.

RESULTS: The overall prevalence of burnout was 74.4% (95% CI: 68.5-79.9%). Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were significantly higher in male physicians compared to females, while younger physicians (aged ≤ 30 years) reported higher burnout in personal achievement. Network analysis identified strong connections between burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) and mental health symptoms such as anxiety, fatigue, and depression. Sleep, anxiety, and self-efficacy were found to be central nodes in the network, indicating their crucial role in resident physicians’ well-being.

CONCLUSIONS: This study found a high prevalence of burnout among resident physicians, with significant links between burnout and mental health conditions. Anxiety and fatigue emerge as core symptoms in the burnout network, suggesting that interventions should address these factors. Additionally, self-efficacy plays a crucial role in burnout.

PMID:40885990 | DOI:10.1186/s12913-025-13200-y

BMC Health Serv Res. 2025 Aug 30;25(1):1155. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-13278-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Long wait times at health facilities negatively affect contraceptive access and cause dissatisfaction with care. Conventional data collection methods, such as population-based surveys and exit interviews, may not accurately capture wait times due to methodological challenges including recall and social desirability bias.

METHODS: We compared mystery client observations conducted in all public facilities in Kisumu County, Kenya with data from a population-based sample of women of reproductive age (18-49, n = 744) in Kisumu County. We compared recalled wait times from women who used public facilities in the last year for their last contraceptive method with wait times recorded by mystery clients (n = 401) presenting as first-time family planning users, and analyzed quotes from mystery clients who mentioned long waits.

RESULTS: Most mystery clients reported wait times between 1-2 h (49%) or over 2 h (33%), whereas most women surveyed in their homes recalled being seen within 30 min at their most recent visit for family planning (74%). When stratified by facility type, mystery clients waited the longest at dispensaries and basic health centers (median wait time of 110 min) and the shortest wait times at primary and secondary care hospitals (median of 82.5 min). In the survey, women recalled waiting a median of 15 min at basic health centers, 20 min at dispensaries, and 30 min at hospitals. Common causes of long waits reported by mystery clients in qualitative data included late facility openings, late providers, or prioritization of other patients. More than half of mystery clients reported spending less than 5 min with providers (59%), compared to only 8% of women surveyed.

CONCLUSIONS: Triangulation of data between different sources can provide a more nuanced understanding of long wait times, their causes, and how they impact contraceptive seekers. We find that in comparison, these different methods of data collection answer distinct questions about wait times, time spent with provider, and their impacts on contraceptive seekers. Both forms of data are useful to policy makers and stakeholders. We recommend data collection efforts aimed at improving quality of services and adherence to national guidelines consider supplementing standard data collection methods with mystery clients.

PMID:40885988 | DOI:10.1186/s12913-025-13278-4

BMC Psychol. 2025 Aug 30;13(1):989. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03223-9.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Impaired Activities of Daily Living (ADL) can have a negative impact on the psychological well-being of older adults. This study categorises ADL into Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). By utilising nationally representative cross-sectional data, we explore the association between ADL and BADL limitations and depressive symptoms among the elderly population in China. In addition, this study explored the relationships between BADL, IADL and depression risk in elderly people at the individual and provincial levels and in rural and urban subgroups.

METHODS: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS) survey used a multistage probability‒proportional‒to-size (PPS) sampling technique. Province-level socioeconomic characteristics were merged with microdata for respondents over 60 years of age from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2020) Wave 5 (n = 10,036) by the author. The respondents were asked whether their BADL and IADL were limited. The risk of depression was assessed using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10). The chi-squared test was used to explore whether having a disability that limits BADL and IADL was associated with mental health status. A binary logistic regression model was used to evaluate this association further after controlling for confounding factors.

RESULTS: Overall, 27.5% (2759/10036) and 25.7% (2776/10036) of the participants over 60 years of age were limited in their BADL and IADL, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that older adults whose BADL were not limited (OR = 1.942, 95% CI: 1.638-2.303, P <.001) and whose IADL were not limited (OR = 1.775, 95% CI: 1.485-2.122, P <.001) had a lower risk of depression than older adults whose BADL and IADL were limited. In addition, older adults who were female (P <.001), were 60-69 years (P <.005), had a partner (P <.001), were literate (P <.001), lived in a rural area (P <.001), had a retirement pension (P <.001), had three or more children (P <.001), did not have any chronic diseases (P <.001), had a fair SRH score (P <.001), drank alcohol (P <.001), exercised (P <.005), did not participate in social activities (P <.001), or had an above average per capita household consumption (P <.001) lived in provinces with the first quartile of GDP per capita (P <.001) and lived in provinces with the second quartile of the number of beds in medical institutions per 10,000 persons (P <.001) were more likely to experience depressive symptoms, while smoking had no effect. In a binary logistic regression, older adults who were single (OR = 0.669, 95% CI = 0.551, 0.812), illiterate (OR = 0.646, 95% CI = 0.504, 0.828), living in rural areas (OR = 1.485, 95% CI = 1.270, 1.735), without retirement pensions (OR = 0.671, 95% CI = 0.582, 0.819) and with very bad SRH scores (OR = 0.411, 95% CI = 0.311, 0.544) had a greater risk of depressive symptoms. In the binary logistic regression analysis of the urban and rural subgroups separately, the results indicated that old people whose BADL or IADL were not limited were associated with a risk of depression, especially rural (P <.001) and urban (P <.001) participants.

CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence of an association between BADL, IADL and depression in older Chinese adults. This study revealed that individuals with limited BADL and limited IADL were predominantly depressed older adults. Binary logistic regression models suggested that disabilities limiting BADL and IADL were more likely to be associated with depressive symptoms in rural Chinese older adults. Findings underscore the need for targeted rural interventions (e.g., subsidised mobility aids and caregiver training) to mitigate depression risk.

PMID:40885987 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-03223-9

BMC Public Health. 2025 Aug 30;25(1):2977. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24097-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Given the growing global burden of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias (ADODs) and inequalities in its distribution, it is of great necessity to analyze the trends and cross-country inequalities in the burden of ADODs globally and in China from 1990 to 2021.

METHODS: Estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of ADODs were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2021. We described the epidemiology of ADODs at global, regional, and national levels, conducting temporal trend analyses using estimated annual percentage change, joinpoint regression, and age-period-cohort model. Additionally, we performed spatial autocorrelation, decomposition, and cross-country inequality analyses, comparing the burden in China to global trends.

RESULTS: The global burden of ADODs increased overall from 1990 to 2021. GBD 2021 estimated 9,837,056 incident cases, 56,856,688 prevalent cases, and 36,332,687 DALYs for ADODs worldwide in 2021, with the highest case number in East Asia and highest age-standardized rate of DALYs in central sub-Saharan Africa. Spatial trends analyses showed hot spots in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, Europe, and High-income North America. Decomposition analysis revealed that changes in DALYs were primarily driven by population growth and aging, followed by prevalence, case fatality, and disease severity. Significant increases in absolute and relative sociodemographic index (SDI)-related inequalities in DALYs were observed from 1990 to 2021, with 318.19 to 759.97, and 0.43 to 0.49, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The burden of ADODs globally and in China showed overall increasing trends from 1990 to 2021. This increase was primarily driven by population growth and aging. Countries with high SDI values faced a disproportionately large burden of dementia, and SDI-related inequalities among countries exacerbated over time. These findings highlight significant challenges for the prevention and control of ADODs globally and in China.

PMID:40885984 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-24097-x

BMC Public Health. 2025 Aug 30;25(1):2973. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24476-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: One of the core features of mental health is psychological well-being, which includes enjoyment, pleasure, happiness, fulfillment, and resilience. Assessing psychological well-being might be a useful indicator in determining the effectiveness of a research study or the appropriateness of a clinical intervention. The gender and sexually diverse people (GSDP), including men who have sex with men (MSM), male sex workers (MSW), and transgender women (hijra), are subject to widespread stigma and discrimination in Bangladesh that imposes a great mental health burden by compromising their mental health and well-being. The Bangla WHO-5 Well-being Index may be considered a promising and useful instrument for assessing the well-being of GSDP. However, the psychometric properties of the Bangla WHO-5 Well-being Index on GSDP have never been explored in Bangladesh.

METHODS: Data were collected from 229 GSDP, including self-identified gay men, during their screening for enrollment in a Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) pilot intervention. The WHO-5 Well-being Index (WHO-5) was administered between February 2022 and August 2022. Confirmatory factor analysis, along with reliability and validity assessments of the WHO-5, were conducted using IBM SPSS software version 24 and AMOS 18.

RESULTS: The scale showed very good results with regard to internal consistency, where Cronbach’s alpha value was found to be 0.856. With regard to divergent validity, the scale manifested a significant negative correlation with depression (r= -0.753, p < 0.01), anxiety (r= -0.614, p < 0.01), and stress (r= -0.702, p < 0.01) subscales of the Bangla Depression Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) scale. Convergent validity was supported by Average Variance Extracted (0.64) and Composite Reliability (0.89) values. The single-factor structure of the scale was confirmed by the confirmatory factor analysis (χ² = 8.244, χ²/df = 1.648, GFI = 0.989, RMSEA = 0.053, TLI = 0.986, CFI = 0.993, and SRMR = 0.0218).

CONCLUSIONS: Findings of the present analysis indicate that the Bangla WHO-5 Well-being Index is a valid and reliable instrument to assess psychological well-being among GSDP in Bangladesh and is comparable with the original version of the scale in terms of psychometric properties.

PMID:40885982 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-24476-4

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2025 Aug 30;22(1):116. doi: 10.1186/s12966-025-01808-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To ensure the large number of school-based physical activity and nutrition programs have a lasting positive impact on the health and wellbeing of students, it is essential that such programs are sustained long-term. However, there is limited research assessing the duration of such programs and the determinants that are related to their sustainment. This study investigates the duration of, and determinants to the sustainment of physical activity and nutrition programs in Australian primary schools.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 207 Principals (one from each school) from a nationally representative sample of randomly selected Australian primary schools. Principals completed a survey online or via telephone, which included items assessing the determinants of program sustainment categorised based on the domains of the Integrated Sustainability Framework (inner contextual factors; outer contextual factors; characteristics of the intervention; and processes). Schools were randomised to answer survey items relating to either physical activity or nutrition programs. We collected data on the number and type of programs, their duration, and factors influencing the sustainment of one selected program. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the duration and prevalence of programs. Regression analysis was used to assess the association between sustainment determinants and the duration of program delivery.

RESULTS: Schools randomised to physical activity programs implemented on average, 5.4 of the nine physical activity programs assessed. Schools randomised to nutrition implemented on average, 2.8 of the seven nutrition programs assessed. Physical activity programs had a mean duration of 6.9 years and nutrition programs had 7.4 years. Nutrition programs had 3.27 times the odds of being sustained longer than physical activity programs (95% CI: 1.57, 6.83; p = 0.002). The only domain from the Integrated Sustainability Framework that was statistically significantly associated with the sustainment for both physical activity and nutrition programs was outer contextual factors. This domain includes the alignment of the program with the priorities of the school, partnerships between the school and external organisations, and the existence of a governing body policy or guideline related to the program. The highest ranked determinant from this domain for both physical activity and nutrition programs was the alignment of the program with the priorities of the school.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights the need for targeted strategies to support the sustainment of health programs in schools, particularly focusing on outer contextual factors. Specifically, the alignment of the program with the priorities of the school. Policymakers and practitioners should prioritise targeting these outer contextual determinants to enhance the sustainment of physical activity and nutrition programs, ultimately promoting better long-term population health outcomes.

PMID:40885977 | DOI:10.1186/s12966-025-01808-6

BMC Pulm Med. 2025 Aug 30;25(1):414. doi: 10.1186/s12890-025-03883-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic and related public health restrictions have substantially altered healthcare access and delivery, particularly for patients with chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures on COPD-related symptoms and hospital admissions, and to compare these outcomes with the pre-pandemic period.

METHODS: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2021 and February 2022 across ten tertiary pulmonary outpatient clinics in Turkey. A total of 347 COPD patients were included. Data on demographics, spirometry, symptom progression, medication access, COVID-19 history, and hospital admissions were collected via structured questionnaire and medical records. Pandemic-related outcomes were compared with data from the pre-pandemic year (March 2019-March 2020). Additional multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of hospital admission and COVID-19-related hospitalization.

RESULTS: The mean number of hospital admissions significantly decreased during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period (p < 0.001), while patient-reported respiratory symptoms increased over time. Hospital admissions were lowest during the first pandemic period, when restrictions were most intense. Regression analyses showed that lower FEV₁, advanced GOLD stage, and inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use were independently associated with increased hospital admissions. COVID-19 was diagnosed in 21.1% of patients. Lower FEV₁, GOLD stage, and smoking were significantly associated with COVID-19-related hospitalization.

CONCLUSION: Although COPD-related hospital admissions decreased during the pandemic, respiratory symptoms progressively worsened. These findings reflect the complex interplay between public health measures, healthcare accessibility, and chronic disease management. Disease severity and airflow limitation were key determinants of adverse outcomes. Maintaining access to routine care and adopting personalized approaches in COPD management are essential during public health emergencies.

PMID:40885974 | DOI:10.1186/s12890-025-03883-8

BMC Public Health. 2025 Aug 30;25(1):2975. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24273-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In South Korea, the prognosis of avoidable hospitalization in diabetes has not been evaluated, even though the incidence rate is considerably high compared to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development average. This study investigated the association between diabetic avoidable hospitalization after the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and short- and long-term all-cause mortality.

METHODS: Participants were type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged 60 years and older and gathered through the National Health Insurance Services Senior cohort data from 2008 to 2019. The outcome measures included five-year and overall period all-cause mortality. The main independent variable was the first-year experience of diabetic avoidable hospitalization after type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis. Regression analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard model. To enhance the robustness of the study results, a sensitivity analysis and inverse probability of treatment weighting method were conducted.

RESULTS: Among 27 005 participants, 2099 (7.8%) died within five-year of type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis and 4693 (17.4%) died in the overall study period after type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis. Participants who experienced diabetic avoidable hospitalization one year after being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus had a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to those who did not (inverse probability of treatment weighted, Five-year: hazard ratio 1.24, 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.36; Overall period: hazard ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.33-1.50).

CONCLUSIONS: Enhancing accessibility and quality of primary care to prevent avoidable hospitalization in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is necessary.

PMID:40885973 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-24273-z

BMC Public Health. 2025 Aug 30;25(1):2974. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24365-w.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize and determine the relative effectiveness of diverse opioid agonist treatment (OAT) medications, including injectables, for opioid use disorder (OUD).

METHODS: We searched EMBASE, PubMed, and CENTRAL for Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) (CRD42018109469) and previously published systematic reviews of head-to-head trials of OAT medications. The primary outcome was treatment retention, and secondary outcomes included days of opioid use, days of cocaine use, and proportion of participants involved in criminalized activities. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) and corresponding 95% credible intervals (CrI) using Bayesian network meta-analyses (NMAs) to indirectly compare treatments at varying lengths of follow-up (3 to 12 months). Sensitivity analyses examined influence of follow-up duration and other trial factors.

RESULTS: Twenty-four RCTs were included. Diacetylmorphine plus oral methadone and injectable hydromorphone plus oral methadone had similar retention compared to one another (OR: 1.05; 95%CrI: 0.27, 4.10). Diacetylmorphine plus oral methadone had similar or statistically favourable retention versus low, medium, and high doses of conventional OATs: buprenorphine (OR: 13.55; 95%CrI: 4.51, 42.52; OR: 5.07; 95%CrI: 2.03, 12.47; OR: 2.21; 95%CrI: 0.18, 21.54) and methadone (OR: 5.88; 95%CrI: 2.34, 16.33; OR: 3.66; 95%CrI: 1.57, 8.82; OR: 3.67; 95%CrI: 1.83, 8.35). Similarly, injectable hydromorphone plus oral methadone also showed favourable or similar retention relative to conventional OATs. Limiting analyses to trials that included only OAT-experienced patients, that offered no extra participation incentive, and/or with 6 months (± 0.5) of follow-up generally did not change the direction of the findings. Injectable hydromorphone plus oral methadone was also statistically favoured in terms of reduced days of opioid use relative to methadone, but mean differences in days of cocaine use were similar. Diacetylmorphine plus oral methadone was associated with a smaller proportion of participation in criminalized activities relative to methadone alone.

CONCLUSION: Both diacetylmorphine and injectable hydromorphone supplemented with methadone showed favourable retention compared to methadone and buprenorphine, depending on the strength of the OAT being co-prescribed or being compared to. These results provide further support for alternatives to conventional OATs such as diacetylmorphine or injectable hydromorphone for treatment retention.

PMID:40885969 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-24365-w