Category: Nevin Manimala

Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2026 Jan 10;30(1):16. doi: 10.1007/s10006-025-01501-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the clinical efficacy of Socket-Shield Technique on the adult first premolar bone preservation in Orthodontic Extraction Treatment.

METHODS: 26 patients who were underwent Orthodontic Extraction Treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were enrolled. Extracted teeth were paired and randomly allocated into two groups: test group (Socket-Shield Technique) and control group. Finally, the socket-shield was removed when the adjacent tooth moved proximate to the shield during the process of closing orthodontic gap. Cone beam computerized tomography were utilized to access the buccolingual resorption and vertical resorption at 1 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm from a reference plane of alveolar crest, as well as tooth movement rate.

RESULTS: The first premolar alveolar bone height resorption of test group were significantly lower than those in control group. Resorption of alveolar bone width at 1 mm and 3 mm above the reference plane at T1, T2 and T3 in the test group were significantly lower than those in the control group. There were no significant differences at 5 mm above reference plane. The tooth movement rate between the test group and the control group have no significant difference.

CONCLUSIONS: Socket-Shield Technique has a positive clinical effect on preserving the alveolar bone of the first premolar in adults with thin buccal alveolar bone and does not exert any discernible influence on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in Orthodontic Extraction Treatment.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered in Clinical Trial Registry ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ) on 02/01/2024 and the registration number is NCT06510621.

PMID:41514150 | DOI:10.1007/s10006-025-01501-9

J Robot Surg. 2026 Jan 10;20(1):165. doi: 10.1007/s11701-025-03133-3.

ABSTRACT

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) is the standard minimally invasive approach, whereas robotic adrenalectomy (RA) is increasingly adopted for its ergonomic and technical advantages. Whether these benefits improve perioperative outcomes-particularly by adrenal laterality-remains unclear. This study compared RA and LA outcomes via structured side-specific analysis. A total of 198 patients were screened in this retrospective cohort study, which included adults who underwent minimally invasive adrenalectomy between June 2020 and September 2025. Patients with paragangliomas, recurrent disease, or open adrenalectomy were excluded. Clinical, operative, and postoperative variables were collected, and laterality-specific subgroup analyses and multivariable linear regression were performed. A total of 181 patients were analyzed (126 LA, 55 RA). The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the RA group (p = 0.019), whereas the operative time was significantly longer in the RA group than the LA group (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between techniques regarding complications, transfusions, or conversion rates (all p > 0.05). When stratified by laterality, the RA consistently demonstrated longer operative times for both right- and left-sided procedures (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, only the surgical approach and tumor diameter independently affected the operative time (both p < 0.001). Robotic adrenalectomy demonstrated perioperative safety comparable to that of laparoscopy while providing the advantage of a shorter hospital stay despite longer operative times. Given its similar complication and conversion profiles, RA represents a feasible and ergonomically favorable procedure in endocrine surgery centers.

PMID:41514123 | DOI:10.1007/s11701-025-03133-3

J Autism Dev Disord. 2026 Jan 10. doi: 10.1007/s10803-025-07148-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to investigate whether an intervention combining explicit and visually cued instruction could help upper primary students with ASD improve their social inferential reading comprehension performance.

METHODS: A multiple probe design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on four children with ASD, aged 10 to 11 years. The study was conducted two to three times per week, each lasting 60 min, over ten weeks. The interventionist used think-alouds to explicitly model cognitive processes, error correction prompts to scaffold thinking, and a graphic organiser worksheet to simplify the social inferential reading comprehension process. All test probes used in the study were developed based on the ‘Strange Stories’ test by Happé (1994), and they were statistically equated using Rasch analysis. RESULTS: Results indicated a mean improvement ranging from 40% to 56% between baseline and intervention phases across different students. Supporting this finding, the effect size calculations using PND, PEM, PAND and Tau-U suggested an effective intervention. To reject the null hypothesis of no treatment effect, a randomization test was conducted using the SCRT-R software, yielding a p-value of 0.008.

CONCLUSIONS: With appropriate support, children with ASD may be able to develop the complex reading skills needed to interpret the emotions and intentions of story characters. While the findings of this study are promising, they should be considered preliminary. This exploratory research provides a foundation for future studies to build upon and to further investigate effective interventions for improving social inferential reading comprehension in students with ASD.

PMID:41514117 | DOI:10.1007/s10803-025-07148-5

J Autism Dev Disord. 2026 Jan 10. doi: 10.1007/s10803-025-07197-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The PANSS Autism Severity Score (PAUSS) has recently become a popular measure of autistic features in psychosis populations, but evidence on its longitudinal reliability and factor configuration is poor. The aims of this investigation were to examine psychometric characteristics of the PAUSS in young patients with First Episode Psychosis (FEP) treated in an early intervention service, with primary interest for its long-term stability across 2 years of follow-up and factor configuration.

METHODS: All FEP participants completed the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Autism Quotient (AQ) at baseline and across the follow-up. Statistical analysis mainly included Cronbach’s α to examine internal consistency of the PAUSS, Cohen’s k statistics and Spearman’s ρ correlation coefficients for its longitudinal stability and convergent validity with AQ scores, and exploratory factor analysis to explore its dimensions’ configuration.

RESULTS: 301 FEP participants were recruited (170 with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder [SSD]). Cronbach’s α value for the PAUSS was 0.806, but with unacceptable inter-item correlations for PANSS G5 and G15 items. K value for examining PAUSS convergent validity with AQ score was unacceptable (0.295), as well as ρ and k values to quantify long-term test-retest reliability (< 0.750 and < 0.600, respectively). No long-term stability of the PAUSS scores across the follow-up was also found using Wilcoxon’s test for repeated measure. Our EFA found a 2-factor model in the FEP total sample and a 3-factor configuration in the SSD subgroup.

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the PAUSS does not represent a valid instrument to assess autistic features in FEP and SSD. Indeed, the it probably captures psychotic symptom severity rather than autistic features, especially reflecting negative symptom load.

PMID:41514116 | DOI:10.1007/s10803-025-07197-w

Geroscience. 2026 Jan 9. doi: 10.1007/s11357-025-02080-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Social housing is desirable for the health and well-being of laboratory mice, as social interactions with conspecifics influence both behavioral and physiological outcomes. Although group housing benefits social species, it can introduce variability in mortality outcomes, and raise welfare concerns, particularly with the emergence of aggression or fluctuating cage densities. Despite this, few studies have evaluated how changes in the number of living cagemates over time are associated with survival, particularly in a sex-specific manner. We analyzed data from the National Institute on Aging’s Interventions Testing Program (ITP; n = 2635 UM-HET3 mice), across three research sites to assess whether housing density influenced longevity differently in male and female mice. Mice were housed in same-sex cages (median = 3 per cage) without reassignment after cagemate death. We applied Cox frailty models incorporating nested random effects for cage and site, with fixed effects for sex, treatment, and time-varying number of living cagemates to estimate hazard ratios, which allowed us to assess the instantaneous risk of death associated with changes in cagemate number. Results showed a significant main effect of the number of living cagemates on mortality and a significant interaction between sex and cagemate count, indicating sex-specific responses. Female mice exhibited a pronounced increase in mortality rate as cage density declined, suggesting a potential role of social buffering in longevity. These findings emphasize the importance of considering social housing dynamics, particularly for female mice, in both experimental design and animal welfare protocols.

PMID:41514094 | DOI:10.1007/s11357-025-02080-z

Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2026 Jan 9. doi: 10.1007/s00266-025-05590-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous studies on oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery (OBCS) have focused primarily on European-descent populations. However, Chinese women have distinct breast morphological characteristics, such as smaller volume and denser glandular tissue. These anatomical differences may influence the choice of procedure and postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to compare differences in aesthetic outcomes and patient-reported outcomes between volume replacement (VR) and volume displacement (VD) techniques in Chinese patients with breast cancer to clarify the applicability of different surgical approaches.

METHODS: This study analyzed patients who underwent OBCS with chest wall perforator flaps (CWPFs) or VD at the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University (Luzhou City, China) from 2022 to 2024. Demographic, surgical, oncological, and complication data were collected. Patients completed the BREAST-Q questionnaire preoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively, and aesthetic outcomes were evaluated using the criteria proposed by Ueda et al. Statistical analysis was performed on baseline characteristics, questionnaire scores, and aesthetic scores.

RESULTS: A total of 159 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, five underwent mastectomy due to positive margins. The two cohorts showed no significant difference in preoperative BREAST-Q scores. Patients who underwent OBCS with CWPFs reported significant improvements in satisfaction with breasts, physical well-being: chest, and aesthetic outcomes.

CONCLUSION: Chest wall perforator flaps demonstrated significant advantages in aesthetic and patient-reported outcomes compared with volume displacement. Therefore, they should be offered as an alternative to volume displacement for women with small-to-medium breasts.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

PMID:41514084 | DOI:10.1007/s00266-025-05590-5

Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2026 Jan 8;81:100856. doi: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2025.100856. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether electrocardiographic markers of Global Electrical Heterogeneity (GEH) improve the identification of patients requiring tertiary care, either alone or combined with an explainable machine learning model, compared with standard ECG features and clinical risk factors in a real-world tertiary cardiology population.

METHODS: Patients were forwarded to a specific evaluation in a cardiology-specialized hospital performed an ECG and data collection. A series of follow-up attendances occurred in periods of 6-months, 12-months and 15-months to check for cardiovascular-related events (mortality or new nonfatal cardiovascular events (Stroke, MI, PCI, CS), as identified during 1-year phone follow-ups. The first attendance ECG was measured by a specialist and processed in order to obtain the Global Electric Heterogeneity (GEH) using the Kors Matriz. The ECG measurements, GEH parameters, and risk factors were combined for training multiple instances of XGBoost decision tree models. Each instance was optimized for the AUCPR, and the instance with the highest AUC was chosen as representative of the model. The importance of each parameter for the winner tree model was compared to better understand the improvement from using GEH parameters.

RESULTS: GEH parameters were statistically significant in this population (p < 0.001), particularly the QRST angle and SVG magnitude. The combined model integrating GEH, standard ECG features, and clinical risk factors achieved the best performance, with a sensitivity of 94.1 %, specificity of 30.8 %, AUC of 67.6 %, and F2 score of 0.62. SVG feature importance and SHAP analyses were consistent with the statistical findings, indicating that the model’s decision patterns align with clinically relevant information and reinforce the role of GEH features. The modeling approach was carefully designed to prevent overfitting, ensure generalizability, and facilitate implementation through its decision tree architecture.

CONCLUSION: VCG-derived features may improve the identification of patients requiring tertiary care, either alone or integrated into an explainable and robust machine learning model trained on real-world data. Its clinical value will ultimately depend on prospective validation and seamless integration within existing care pathways.

PMID:41512369 | DOI:10.1016/j.clinsp.2025.100856

Eur J Radiol. 2026 Jan 6;195:112658. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2026.112658. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine whether there are differences of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSF-P) on patients with Ménière’s disease (MD) during different phases.

METHODS: Noninvasive CSF-P measurement was performed using MRI with a fat-suppressed fast recovery fast spin echo T2-weighted sequence, with the optic nerve subarachnoid space width (ONSASW) posterior to the globe serving as an indicator. Endolymphatic hydrops (EH) grades and hearing thresholds were analysed to investigate the potential correlations with CSF-P.

RESULTS: A total of 66 participants were included. At the location of 3 mm behind the globe, the ONSASW and CSF-P were significantly smaller in the acute phase of MD group compared to both the remission phase of MD group (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, respectively) and control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.043, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found between the remission phase of MD group and the control group (both p > 0.05). Statistically significant correlation between CSF-P and hearing threshold was exclusively observed during the acute phase, with a correlation coefficient of 0.479 (p = 0.024). No significant associations between CSF-P and EH grades in both the two MD groups (all p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The study suggests that patients with MD experience a reduction in intracranial pressure during acute episodes, and these fluctuations may indicate hearing threshold variations in early-stage of patients.

PMID:41512363 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejrad.2026.112658

Eur J Radiol. 2025 Dec 31;195:112638. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112638. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

It has been shown that static magnetic fields from high-strength magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines induce nystagmus in all humans with intact inner ear function. This effect can be explained by the magneto-hydrodynamic Lorentz force, which arises from the interaction of endolymphatic ionic currents and the strong static magnetic field of an MRI machine. Prior experiments demonstrated that MRI-induced nystagmus and vertigo vary with head pitch relative to the magnetic field, being reduced when the head is pitched forward and increased when extended. In another study it has been suggested that signal void artefacts reflected Lorentz-force-induced endolymph movement caused by the interaction between ionic currents flowing through the utricular macula and the static magnetic field of the MRI scanner. Based on these findings the present authors proposed that if the hypointensities are flow voids caused by Lorentz forces, their visibility should also vary with head pitch. In this case, both nystagmus and vestibular hypointensities would share a common mechanism. Twenty healthy volunteers (8 males and 12 females) were recruited to undergo a non-contrast 3 Tesla (T) MRI scan in one of two head pitch positions: chin up (head extension, pitched backward) and chin down (head flexion, pitched forward). A statistically significant increase in hypointensities was observed between the pitched forward and pitched backward positions for both ears (p < 0.01), while no significant differences were detected between corresponding positions of the left and right ears. These findings not only support a Lorentz‑force origin of vestibular hypointensities but also have immediate clinical applicability, with direct implications for radiological interpretation and protocol design to reduce misinterpretation and patient vertigo.

PMID:41512362 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112638

Int Emerg Nurs. 2026 Jan 8;84:101743. doi: 10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101743. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Managing violent and disruptive patients in emergency care remains a critical challenge, placing both staff and patient at risk. A multidisciplinary team developed the Team Approach to Physical Restraint (TAPR) intervention to offer a collaborative, role-based framework for safely managing these situations through interdisciplinary coordination.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate TAPR’s effectiveness in promoting safety and team-based preparedness in the emergency department.

METHODS: A pre- and post-intervention survey design was used to assess the impact of TAPR among emergency department clinicians across multiple roles. The survey included 8 pre-interventions and 12 post-interventions, utilizing Likert-type scales to measure outcomes related to role clarity, perceived injury prevention, confidence in protocol use, and overall effectiveness. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze participant responses.

RESULTS: Following the intervention, 92.5 % of participants reported clarity and applicability in role assignments. Additionally, 77.5 % believed TAPR reduced the likelihood of injuries during restraints, and 90% expressed confidence in initiating the protocol. Overall, 87.5 % agreed that TAPR effectively reduced risks during violent patient encounters.

CONCLUSION: TAPR enhanced preparedness, improved interprofessional collaboration and increased staff confidence in managing violent patients. These findings suggest that TAPR may serve as standardized approach for promoting safety and consistency in emergency care environments.

PMID:41512360 | DOI:10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101743