Category: Nevin Manimala

J Endod. 2023 May 12:S0099-2399(23)00246-7. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.05.005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is the third-generation platelet concentrate product. This study aimed to evaluate whether the use of CGF during endodontic microsurgery had a positive influence on surgical outcomes.

METHODS: Fifty-four patients who underwent endodontic microsurgery from January 2017 to November 2021 were enrolled. They were assigned to the CGF and the control group according to whether CGF was used during the surgery and followed up at 6, 12, and 18 months post-surgery. Preoperative classification of the cases and follow-up radiographic outcomes were based on Kim’s classification and Molven’s criteria respectively and evaluated by two calibrated endodontists. Student t-test and Chi-square test were used to assess the baseline of two groups. Rank sum test was used to determine whether CGF had an impact on the surgical outcome.

RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (41 periapical lesion sites) were included in the CGF group, and twenty-three patients (26 periapical lesion sites) were included in the control group. The overall success rate of endodontic microsurgery was above 90%. The baseline of the two groups had no difference (P<0.05). In the CGF group, the success rate was always 100% in three follow-ups, while the success rate was 84.2%, 92.8%, and 90% respectively in the control group. The success rate between the CGF group and the control group was statistically significant in all three follow-up points (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The application of CGF during endodontic microsurgery might have a positive influence on surgical outcomes, thus, its prognosis. However, higher-grade evidence is needed to demonstrate its role.

PMID:37182792 | DOI:10.1016/j.joen.2023.05.005

Sci Total Environ. 2023 May 12:164123. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164123. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Process-based models and empirical modelling techniques are frequently used to (i) explore the sensitivity of tree growth to environmental variables, and (ii) predict the future growth of trees and forest stands under climate change scenarios. However, modelling approaches substantially influence predictions of the sensitivity of trees to environmental factors. Here, we used tree-ring width (TRW) data from 1630 beech trees from a network of 70 plots established across European mountains to build empirical predictive growth models using various modelling approaches. In addition, we used 3-PG and Biome-BGCMuSo process-based models to compare growth predictions with derived empirical models. Results revealed similar prediction errors (RMSE) across models ranging between 3.71 and 7.54 cm² of basal area increment (BAI). The models explained most of the variability in BAI ranging from 54 % to 87 %. Selected explanatory variables (despite being statistically highly significant) and the pattern of the growth sensitivity differed between models substantially. We identified only five factors with the same effect and the same sensitivity pattern in all empirical models: tree DBH, competition index, elevation, Gini index of DBH, and soil silt content. However, the sensitivity to most of the climate variables was low and inconsistent among the empirical models. Both empirical and process-based models suggest that beech in European mountains will, on average, likely experience better growth conditions under both 4.5 and 8.5 RCP scenarios. The process-based models indicated that beech may grow better across European mountains by 1.05 to 1.4 times in warmer conditions. The empirical models identified several drivers of tree growth that are not included in the current process-based models (e.g., different nutrients) but may have a substantial effect on final results, particularly if they are limiting factors. Hence, future development of process-based models may build upon our findings to increase their ability to correctly capture ecosystem dynamics.

PMID:37182772 | DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164123

Sci Total Environ. 2023 May 12:164146. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164146. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Application of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agriculture can increase emissions of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, leaching of nitrate (NO₃^–), a groundwater contaminant hazardous to human health, and soil acidification. Soil amendment with biochar potentially mitigates these losses and undesirable outcomes. However, there have been considerable inconsistencies in reported impacts, likely owing to variable physiochemical characteristics of the biochar materials and/or the soil environment. This study methodically evaluated the impact of biochar soil incorporation on N transformation and underlying microbial processes using soils with varying biochar types, soil texture, soil moisture, and manure compost co- amendments. Laboratory incubations were conducted to monitor the fate of urea fertilizer N spiked in biochar amended and unamended soils by assaying soil ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrite (NO₂^–), and NO₃^– concentrations, pH, and abundances of soil nitrifiers; ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea (AOB and AOA) and Nitrospira with the capacity to perform complete ammonia oxidation (comammox). Soil moisture was a critical factor affecting N transformation processes, more so than biochar, but biochar did result in significantly different concentrations of N species in response to urea application. Biochar enhanced nitrification, more significantly in drier conditions and in sandy soil. Biochar offered some buffering potential in the neutral-alkaline, unsaturated soils, preventing >1 unit drop in pH compared to unamended soils. Co-application of biochar with manure composts enhanced nitrification slightly, which was evidenced by higher abundances of some soil nitrifiers at 4 weeks, although increases in nitrification rates were not statistically significant. Soil nitrifier populations tended to increase in response to a pinewood biochar, but trends differed for saturated soil, in soils of differing textures, or when different biochar materials were evaluated. Thus, when evaluating implications of biochar on the fate of mineral N fertilizer, soil moisture and other environment conditions should be considered.

PMID:37182767 | DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164146

J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023 May 12:101496. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101496. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the curve of Wilson (COW) and temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD).

METHODS: The study cohort comprised patients aged 19-55 with malocclusion treated at our institution from January to July 2021. They were divided into a malocclusion with TMD group (TMD group) and a malocclusion without TMD group (non-TMB group) based on the diagnostic criteria of TMD. The study outcome was the differences in COW, measured via cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and t-test.

RESULTS: A total of 250 adult individuals were enrolled, including 162 females (age: 36.43 ± 11.00 years) and 88 males (age: 36.33 ± 9.88 years). Compared with the non-TMB group (n = 125), the TMD group (n = 125) had a significantly greater angle of COW (first molars: P = 0.002; second molars: P < 0.001), higher buccal inclination angle of molars in those with same side temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds than those with TMJ sounds (first molar: P = 0.000; second molar: P = 0.006) and greater the side with TMJ sounds (first molar: P < 0.001; second molar: P = 0.016). However, no difference was observed in the buccolingual axial inclination angle of molars between patients with and without TMJ sounds.

CONCLUSION: The study reported the differences in malocclusion patients with and without TMB, which could be used as a reference by dentists to improve the treatment outcomes of these patients.

PMID:37182758 | DOI:10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101496

Behav Brain Res. 2023 May 12:114494. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114494. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a neurodevelopmental disorder based on the loss of paternally derived but maternally imprinted genes on chromosome 15q11-13, is typically associated with hyperphagia-related behavior leading to massive obesity. Recently, there has been increasing evidence for dysregulated expression patterns of genes outside the PWS locus that influence the behavioral phenotype and for alterations in the dopaminergic system associated with weight regulation in PWS. In this study, we investigated the epigenetic regulation of the promoter regions of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) genes and their association with hyperphagia-related behavior in PWS. Methylation of the DAT and DRD2 promoter regions was examined by DNA bisulfite sequencing in 32 individuals with PWS and compared with a control group matched for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Hyperphagia-related behavior was assessed using the Hyperphagia Questionnaire for Clinical Trials (HQ-CT). Analysis by linear mixed models revealed a significant effect of factor group on mean DAT promoter methylation rate with decreased mean methylation in PWS (7.3 ± 0.4%) compared to controls (18.8 ± 0.6%), p < 0.001. In the PWS group, we further identified effects of HQ-CT score and BMI on DAT promoter methylation. Although also statistically significantly different (8.4 ± 0.2 in PWS, 10.5 ± 0.3 in controls, p < 0.001), DRD2 promoter methylation visually appeared to be evenly distributed between groups, raising concerns regarding a biological effect. Here, we provide evidence for altered epigenetic regulation of the DAT gene in PWS, which is associated with PWS-typical hyperphagia-related behaviors.

PMID:37182741 | DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114494

J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2023 May 12:S1051-0443(23)00342-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.05.010. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we will assess the efficacy and safety of MMA embolization with liquid embolic agents and the outcomes of patients following this procedure.

METHODS: A review of the literature was carried out to identify the studies investigating the efficacy and safety of MMA embolization with liquid embolysate in Chronic Subdural Hematoma (cSDH) patients in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of science. The keywords liquid embolic agent, middle meningeal artery, cSDH, and embolization and their synonyms were used to build up the search strategy. R statistical software and random-effects model were used for analysis. Heterogeneity was reported as I² and publication bias was calculated using Egger’s test.

RESULTS: Of the 628 articles retrieved, 14 studies were eligible to be included in this study. A total of data on 276 patients were analyzed. N-butyl cyanoacrylate and Onyx were the most commonly used embolizing agents. This study revealed a pooled mortality rate of 0%(CI:0.00-100%), recurrence and failure rate of 3%(CI:1-10%), reoperation rate of 4%(CI:2-12%), rate of size decrease of 94%(CI:79-98%), success rate of 100%(CI:76-100%) and adverse event rate of 1%(CI:0.00-4%).

CONCLUSIONS: With low mortality, recurrence, reoperation, and adverse event rates and a remarkable decrease in the size of the hematoma, MMA embolization with liquid embolic might be considered a safe and effective treatment option in patients with previously failed surgical intervention and also as an alternative to the conventional treatments.

PMID:37182671 | DOI:10.1016/j.jvir.2023.05.010

Urology. 2023 May 12:S0090-4295(23)00394-1. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.05.002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To collate available data via systematic review considering aetiology, presentation and treatment of Uro-Symphyseal Fistula (USF) in order to inform a contemporary management framework.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was performed according to the Cochrane Handbook and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021232954). MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases were searched for manuscripts considering USF published between 2000 and 2022. Full text manuscripts were reviewed for clinical data. Univariate statistical analysis was performed where possible.

RESULTS: 31 manuscripts, comprising 248 USF cases, met inclusion criteria. Suprapubic pain and difficulty ambulating were common symptoms. MRI confirmed the diagnosis in 95% of cases. Radiotherapy for prostate cancer was the most common predisposing factor (93%). Among these patients, prior endoscopic bladder outlet surgery was common (83%; bladder neck incision/urethral dilatation n=59, TURP/GLL PVP n=34). In those with prior prostatic radiation, conservative management failed in 96% of cases. Cystectomy with urinary diversion (86% n=184) was favoured over bladder sparing techniques (14% (n=30) after prior radiation. In radiation naïve patients, conservative management failed in 72% of patients, resulting in either open fistula repair with flap (62%) or radical prostatectomy (28%).

CONCLUSION: Prior radiotherapy is a significant risk factor for USF and almost always requires definitive major surgery (debridement, cystectomy and urinary diversion). On the basis of the findings within this systematic review, we present management principles that may assist clinicians with these complex cases. Further research into pathogenesis, prevention and optimal treatment approach is required.

PMID:37182647 | DOI:10.1016/j.urology.2023.05.002

F S Sci. 2023 May 12:S2666-335X(23)00030-7. doi: 10.1016/j.xfss.2023.05.002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the effect of de novo mutated balanced reciprocal translocation on the rate of euploid embryos varied from inherited balanced reciprocal translocation.

DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study compared the percentage of euploid embryo and the proportion of patients with at least one euploid embryo between de novo mutated balanced reciprocal translocation (i.e. the group of de novo mutated carriers) and inherited balanced reciprocal translocation (i.e. the group of inherited carriers).

SETTING: An academic fertility center.

PATIENT(S): A total of 413 couples with balanced reciprocal translocation (219 female carriers and 194 male carriers) who underwent their first cycle of preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements (PGT-SR) were included.

INTERVENTION(S): Carriers of balanced reciprocal translocation either de novo mutated or inherited.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The percentage of euploid embryo and the proportion of patients with at least one euploid embryo.

RESULT(S): Carriers of the de novo mutated balanced reciprocal translocation had a lower percentage of euploid embryos (19.5% vs. 25.5%; P = 0.027), and less likely to have at least one euploid embryo (47.1% vs. 60.1%; P = 0.029) compared with the carrier of the inherited balanced reciprocal translocation. In the male-carrier subgroup, the percentage of euploid embryos (16.7% vs. 26.7%; P = 0.009) and the proportion of patients with at least one euploid embryo (41.9% vs. 67.5%; P = 0.002) were lower among the de novo mutated carriers than the inherited carriers. However, in the female-carrier subgroup, there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of euploid embryos (22.4% vs. 24.4%; P = 0.586) or the proportion of patients with at least one euploid embryo (52.3% vs. 53.7%; P = 0.864) between the de novo mutated carriers and the inherited carriers.

CONCLUSION(S): The de novo mutated balanced reciprocal translocation was associated with a lower percentage of euploid embryos and a lower chance of obtaining at least one euploid embryo compared with the inherited balanced reciprocal translocation.

PMID:37182600 | DOI:10.1016/j.xfss.2023.05.002

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2023 Apr 18;82:186-197. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.04.007. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The impact of chemotherapy on complications following breast reconstruction surgery (BRS) is currently inconclusive. This meta-analysis investigates the impact of chemotherapy on complication rates in BRS.

METHODS: Preferred Reporting in Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was used to search relevant studies published from January 2006 to March 2022. The complication rates of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) and adjuvant systemic therapy (AST) were analyzed via RevMan software 5.4, and a P value of< 0.05 was considered significant. The quality of selected studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for quality assessment.

RESULTS: A total of 18 studies comprising 49,217 patients were included. There was no significant difference in the total complications rate, major complications, or minor complications between NST and BRS or control. The rate of wound dehiscence was higher in the NST group compared with the BRS only group [RR= 1.54, 95% CI, (1.08, 2.18), P = 0.02], and the rate of infection was lower in the NST group compared with the BRS only group, [RR= 0.75, 95% CI, (0.61, 0.94), P = 0.01]. No significant difference in the rates of hematoma, seroma, skin necrosis, and implant loss was detected between NST and AST, or NST with BRS only. No statistically significant differences in total complication rates were observed between flap and implant BRS types (P = 0.88).

CONCLUSION: No significant differences between AST and NST were detected for complications. Significantly, NST had more wound dehiscence and less infection rates compared with BRS only groups, possibly reflecting selection bias or issues in the design of reported studies.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I.

PMID:37182249 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2023.04.007

Mar Pollut Bull. 2023 May 12;192:114989. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114989. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The presence of Emerging Pollutants (EPs) on the beaches of Acapulco, Mexico, is evaluated for the first time. Samples were taken from the discharge of the wastewater treatment plant at Olvidada beach, and at three beaches that receive contributions from different streams that cross through the city in Santa Lucia Bay (SLB). Using solid phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, 77 EPs were identified. A semiquantitative evaluation of their concentrations were made using the relative areas of the chromatographic peaks, showing that the contamination of the beaches of SLB is mainly due to the pollutants going into the streams of the micro-basins. A statistical factor analysis of all the EPs allowed differentiation of the sampling points, reducing the number of variables, which benefits future analytical determinations in the study area. Due to the toxicological characteristics of the compounds found, their presence on public-use beaches represents a risk to human health.

PMID:37182246 | DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114989