Category: Nevin Manimala

GM Crops Food. 2023 Dec 31;14(1):1-8. doi: 10.1080/21645698.2023.2208997.

ABSTRACT

DP915635 maize was genetically modified (GM) to express the IPD079Ea protein for corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp.) control. DP915635 maize also expresses the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) protein for tolerance to glufosinate herbicide and the phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) protein that was used as a selectable marker. A field study was conducted at ten sites in the United States and Canada during the 2019 growing season. Of the 11 agronomic endpoints that were evaluated, two of them (early stand count and days to flowering) were statistically significant compared with the control maize based on unadjusted p-values; however, these differences were not significant after FDR-adjustment of p-values. Composition analytes from DP915635 maize grain and forage (proximates, fiber, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, anti-nutrients, and secondary metabolites) were compared to non-GM near-isoline control maize (control maize) and non-GM commercial maize (reference maize). Statistically significant differences were observed for 7 of the 79 compositional analytes (16:1 palmitoleic acid, 18:0 stearic acid, 18:1 oleic acid, 18:2 linoleic acid, 24:0 lignoceric acid, methionine, and α-tocopherol); however, these differences were not significant after FDR-adjustment. Additionally, all of the values for composition analytes fell within the range of natural variation established from the in-study reference range, literature range, and/or tolerance interval. These results demonstrate that DP915635 is agronomically and compositionally comparable to non-GM maize represented by non-GM near-isoline control maize and non-GM commercial maize.

PMID:37139798 | DOI:10.1080/21645698.2023.2208997

Ann Surg. 2023 May 4. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005897. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a predictive model to predict the risk of postoperative mortality after emergency laparotomy taking into account the following variables: age, age ≥ 80, ASA status, clinical frailty score, sarcopenia, Hajibandeh Index (HI), bowel resection, and intraperitoneal contamination.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The discriminative powers of the currently available predictive tools range between adequate and strong; none has demonstrated excellent discrimination yet.

METHODS: The TRIPOD and STROCSS statement standards were followed to protocol and conduct a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent emergency laparotomy due to non-traumatic acute abdominal pathology between 2017 and 2022. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to develop and validate the model via two protocols (Protocol A and B). The model performance was evaluated in terms of discrimination (ROC curve analysis), calibration (calibration diagram and Hosmer-Lemeshow test), and classification (classification table).

RESULTS: One thousand forty three patients were included (statistical power = 94%). Multivariable analysis kept HI (Protocol-A: P=0.0004; Protocol-B: P=0.0017), ASA status (Protocol-A: P=0.0068; Protocol-B: P=0.0007), and sarcopenia (Protocol-A: P<0.0001; Protocol-B: P<0.0001) as final predictors of 30-day postoperative mortality in both protocols; hence the model was called HAS (HI, ASA status, sarcopenia). The HAS demonstrated excellent discrimination (AUC: 0.96, P<0.0001), excellent calibration (P<0.0001), and excellent classification (95%) via both protocols.

CONCLUSIONS: The HAS is the first model demonstrating excellent discrimination, calibration, and classification in predicting the risk of 30-day mortality following emergency laparotomy. The HAS model seems promising and is worth attention for external validation using the calculator provided.

PMID:37139796 | DOI:10.1097/SLA.0000000000005897

J Sports Sci. 2023 May 4:1-9. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2208998. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In this study, we investigated the relationship between age and performance in professional road cycling. We considered 1864 male riders present in the yearly top 500 ranking of ProCyclingStats (PCS) since 1993 until 2021 with more than 700 PCS Points. We applied a data-driven approach for finding natural clusters of the rider’s speciality (General Classification, One Day, Sprinter or All-Rounder). For each cluster, we divided the riders into the top 50% and bottom 50% based on their total number of PCS points. The athlete’s yearly performance was defined as the average number of points collected per race. Age-performance models were constructed using polynomial regression and we obtained that the top 50% of the riders in each cluster have a statistically significant (p < 0.05) higher peak performance age. Considering the best 50% of the riders, general classification riders peak at an older age than the other rider types (p < 0.05). For those top riders, we found ages of peak performance of 26.3, 26.5, 26.2 and 27.5 years for sprinters, all-rounders, one day specialists and general classification riders, respectively. Our findings can be used for scouting purposes, assisting coaches in designing long-term training programmes and benchmarking the athletes’ performance development.

PMID:37139786 | DOI:10.1080/02640414.2023.2208998

Twin Res Hum Genet. 2023 May 4:1-6. doi: 10.1017/thg.2023.16. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Whether the decline of birth weight (BW) reported in developed countries in the early 2000s is ongoing remains unknown. Furthermore, despite recent sharp increases in twin births, comparing secular trends of BW between singletons and twins is difficult, as studies have rarely examined secular trends of BW in twins and singletons simultaneously. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the most recent 20-year trends (2000-2020) of BW in twins and singletons in South Korea. Annual natality files from 2000 to 2020 obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service were analyzed. A yearly decrease of BW was 3 g among singletons and 5 to 6 g in twins from 2000 to 2020, indicating a widening gap of BW between twins and singletons with increasing years. Gestational age (GA) also decreased in twins and singletons with yearly decreases of 0.28 days in singletons and 0.41 days in twins. Whereas BW decreased in term (GA ≥ 37 weeks), and very preterm groups (28 weeks ≤ GA < 32 weeks) from 2000 to 2020 in twins and singletons, it increased in moderate to late preterm (32 weeks ≤ GA < 37 weeks) groups, indicating a non-linear relationship between BW and GA. The prevalence of macrosomia (BW > 4000 g) in singletons decreased from 2000 to 2020, whereas low birth weight (LBW; BW < 2500 g) increased in twins and singletons. LBW is associated with adverse health outcomes. Effective public health strategies aiming at reduction in the incidence of LBW in the population should be developed.

PMID:37139778 | DOI:10.1017/thg.2023.16

PM R. 2023 May 4. doi: 10.1002/pmrj.12990. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Children with infantile hemiplegia with low or very low bimanual functional performance have great impediments to spontaneously use their affected upper limb, which affects their performance of day-to-day activities and their quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of our study was to determine whether the order of application and the dose of modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy within a combined (hybrid) protocol influences the results of bimanual functional performance of the affected upper limb and the quality of life of children with congenital hemiplegia (5-8 years old) with very low/low bimanual functional performance.

DESIGN: single-blinded randomized controlled trial.

PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-one children with congenital hemiplegia (5-8 years old) were recruited from two public hospitals and an infantile hemiplegia association in Spain.

INTERVENTIONS: The experimental group (n = 11) received 100 hours of intensive therapies for affected upper limb: 80 hours of modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy and 20 hours of bimanual intensive therapy. The control group (n = 10) received the same dose with 80 hours of bimanual intensive therapy and 20 hours of modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy. The protocol was provided 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 10 weeks.

OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was bimanual functional performance, measured with the Assisting Hand Assessment, and the second outcome was quality of life, measured with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Cerebral-Palsy module (PedsQL™ v. 3.0, CP module). Four assessments were performed: Week 0-4-8-10.

RESULTS: The experimental group obtained an increase of 22 AHA units at week 8 with the application of modified Constraint Induced Movement, in contrast with the control group, who obtained an increase of 3.7 AHA units after Bimanual Intensive Therapy. At week 10, the control group showed its greatest increase in bimanual functional performance, with 10.6 AHA units after modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy. Regarding quality of life, the greatest improvement occurred after modified Constraint Induced Movement, with 13.1 points in the experimental group (80 hours), and 6.3 points in the control group (20 hours). The protocol interaction was statistically significant for bimanual functional performance (p = 0.018) and quality of life (p = 0.09).

CONCLUSIONS: modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy is more beneficial than Bimanual Intensive Therapy to improve upper limb functioning and quality of life in children with congenital hemiplegia showing very low/low bimanual performance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:37139775 | DOI:10.1002/pmrj.12990

Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2023 Apr 25;40(2):373-377. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202208060.

ABSTRACT

Heart failure is a disease that seriously threatens human health and has become a global public health problem. Diagnostic and prognostic analysis of heart failure based on medical imaging and clinical data can reveal the progression of heart failure and reduce the risk of death of patients, which has important research value. The traditional analysis methods based on statistics and machine learning have some problems, such as insufficient model capability, poor accuracy due to prior dependence, and poor model adaptability. In recent years, with the development of artificial intelligence technology, deep learning has been gradually applied to clinical data analysis in the field of heart failure, showing a new perspective. This paper reviews the main progress, application methods and major achievements of deep learning in heart failure diagnosis, heart failure mortality and heart failure readmission, summarizes the existing problems and presents the prospects of related research to promote the clinical application of deep learning in heart failure clinical research.

PMID:37139771 | DOI:10.7507/1001-5515.202208060

Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2023 Apr 25;40(2):343-349. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202201051.

ABSTRACT

Without artificial airway though oral, nasal or airway incision, the bi-level positive airway pressure (Bi-PAP) has been widely employed for respiratory patients. In an effort to investigate the therapeutic effects and measures for the respiratory patients under the noninvasive Bi-PAP ventilation, a therapy system model was designed for virtual ventilation experiments. In this system model, it includes a sub-model of noninvasive Bi-PAP respirator, a sub-model of respiratory patient, and a sub-model of the breath circuit and mask. And based on the Matlab Simulink, a simulation platform for the noninvasive Bi-PAP therapy system was developed to conduct the virtual experiments in simulated respiratory patient with no spontaneous breathing (NSB), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The simulated outputs such as the respiratory flows, pressures, volumes, etc, were collected and compared to the outputs which were obtained in the physical experiments with the active servo lung. By statistically analyzed with SPSS, the results demonstrated that there was no significant difference ( P > 0.1) and was in high similarity ( R > 0.7) between the data collected in simulations and physical experiments. The therapy system model of noninvasive Bi-PAP is probably applied for simulating the practical clinical experiment, and maybe conveniently applied to study the technology of noninvasive Bi-PAP for clinicians.

PMID:37139767 | DOI:10.7507/1001-5515.202201051

Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2023 Apr 25;40(2):295-302. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202210016.

ABSTRACT

In the orthodontics process, intervention and sliding of an orthodontic bracket during the orthodontic process can arise large response of the labio-cheek soft tissue. Soft tissue damage and ulcers frequently happen at the early stage of orthodontic treatment. In the field of orthodontic medicine, qualitative analysis is always carried out through statistics of clinical cases, while quantitative explanation of bio-mechanical mechanism is lacking. For this purpose, finite element analysis of a three-dimensional labio-cheek-bracket-tooth model is conducted to quantify the bracket-induced mechanical response of the labio-cheek soft tissue, which involves complex coupling of contact nonlinearity, material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity. Firstly, based on the biological composition characteristics of labio-cheek, a second-order Ogden model is optimally selected to describe the adipose-like material of the labio-cheek soft tissue. Secondly, according to the characteristics of oral activity, a two-stage simulation model of bracket intervention and orthogonal sliding is established, and the key contact parameters are optimally set. Finally, the two-level analysis method of overall model and submodel is used to achieve efficient solution of high-precision strains in submodels based on the displacement boundary obtained from the overall model calculation. Calculation results with four typical tooth morphologies during orthodontic treatment show that: ① the maximum strain of soft tissue is distributed along the sharp edges of the bracket, consistent with the clinically observed profile of soft tissue deformation; ② the maximum strain of soft tissue is reduced as the teeth align, consistent with the clinical manifestation of common damage and ulcers at the beginning of orthodontic treatment and reduced patient discomfort at the end of treatment. The method in this paper can provide reference for relevant quantitative analysis studies in the field of orthodontic medical treatment at home and abroad, and further benefit to the product development analysis of new orthodontic devices.

PMID:37139761 | DOI:10.7507/1001-5515.202210016

Prehosp Disaster Med. 2023 May 4:1-7. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X2300047X. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Incorporating emerging knowledge into Emergency Medical Service (EMS) competency assessments is critical to reflect current evidence-based out-of-hospital care. However, a standardized approach is needed to incorporate new evidence into EMS competency assessments because of the rapid pace of knowledge generation.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to develop a framework to evaluate and integrate new source material into EMS competency assessments.

METHODS: The National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (National Registry) and the Prehospital Guidelines Consortium (PGC) convened a panel of experts. A Delphi method, consisting of virtual meetings and electronic surveys, was used to develop a Table of Evidence matrix that defines sources of EMS evidence. In Round One, participants listed all potential sources of evidence available to inform EMS education. In Round Two, participants categorized these sources into: (a) levels of evidence quality; and (b) type of source material. In Round Three, the panel revised a proposed Table of Evidence. Finally, in Round Four, participants provided recommendations on how each source should be incorporated into competency assessments depending on type and quality. Descriptive statistics were calculated with qualitative analyses conducted by two independent reviewers and a third arbitrator.

RESULTS: In Round One, 24 sources of evidence were identified. In Round Two, these were classified into high- (n = 4), medium- (n = 15), and low-quality (n = 5) of evidence, followed by categorization by purpose into providing recommendations (n = 10), primary research (n = 7), and educational content (n = 7). In Round Three, the Table of Evidence was revised based on participant feedback. In Round Four, the panel developed a tiered system of evidence integration from immediate incorporation of high-quality sources to more stringent requirements for lower-quality sources.

CONCLUSION: The Table of Evidence provides a framework for the rapid and standardized incorporation of new source material into EMS competency assessments. Future goals are to evaluate the application of the Table of Evidence framework in initial and continued competency assessments.

PMID:37139715 | DOI:10.1017/S1049023X2300047X

Chempluschem. 2023 May 4:e202300111. doi: 10.1002/cplu.202300111. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Metal dispersion is a key concept in the heterogeneous catalysis. The conventional approach for its estimation strongly relies on chemisorption with different probe molecules. Albeit it can generally provide an ‘averaged’ value in a cost-effective manner, the inhomogeneity of the metal species and the complicated metal-support interactions pose formidable challenges for the accurate determination. Full metal species quantification (FMSQ) is introduced as an advanced method to depict the whole distribution of the metal species, ranging from single atoms to clusters and nanoparticles, in a practical solid catalyst. In this approach, automated analysis of massive high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopic images is realized through algorithms specialized in combining the electron microscopy-based atom recognition statistics and deep learning-driven nanoparticle segmentation. FMSQ can circumvent the drawbacks of chemisorption, allowing more reliable structure-performance relationships beyond the metal size.

PMID:37139714 | DOI:10.1002/cplu.202300111