Category: Nevin Manimala

J Adolesc Health. 2023 Mar 11:S1054-139X(23)00071-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.01.024. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Weight stigma is a prevalent problem in adolescents and a risk factor for disordered eating behaviors (DEBs). This study examined whether positive family/parenting factors were protective for DEBs among an ethnically/racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of adolescents with and without weight stigmatizing experiences.

METHODS: In Project Eating and Activity over Time (EAT) 2010-2018, 1,568 adolescents (mean age = 14.4 ± 2.0 years) were surveyed and followed into young adulthood (mean age = 22.2 ± 2.0 years). Modified Poisson regression models examined the relationships between three weight-stigmatizing experiences and four DEBs (e.g., overeating and binge eating) in models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and weight status. Interaction terms and stratified models examined whether family/parenting factors were protective for DEBs based on weight stigma status.

RESULTS: Higher family functioning and support for psychological autonomy were cross sectionally protective for DEBs. However, this pattern was primarily observed in adolescents who did not experience weight stigma. For example, among adolescents who did not experience peer weight teasing, high support for psychological autonomy was associated with lower prevalence of overeating (high support: 7.0%, low support: 12.5%, p = .003). Whereas, in participants who experienced family weight teasing, the difference in prevalence of overeating based on support for psychological autonomy was not statistically significant (high support: 17.9%, low support: 22.4%, p = .260).

DISCUSSION: General positive family and parenting factors did not entirely offset the effects of weight-stigmatizing experiences on DEBs, which may reflect the strength of weight stigma as a risk factor for DEBs. Future research is needed to identify effective strategies family members can use to support youth who experience weight stigma.

PMID:36914449 | DOI:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.01.024

Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2023 Mar 11:S1877-1297(23)00001-1. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2023.02.001. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated student reported achievement of essential elements (EE) across three required advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) to identify differences in the frequency of each EE during different delivery modalities.

METHODS: APPE students from three different programs were assigned a self-assessment EE inventory after required acute care, ambulatory care, and community pharmacy APPEs between May 2018 and December 2020. Using a four-point frequency scale, students reported exposure to and completion of each EE. Pooled data were analyzed to compare differences in frequencies of EE during standard and disrupted delivery. All standard delivery APPEs were in-person, but during the study period APPEs shifted to a disrupted delivery using hybrid and remote formats. Frequency changes were reported as combined data and compared between programs.

RESULTS: A total of 2191 of 2259 (97%) evaluations were completed. Acute care APPEs had a statistically significant change in frequency of evidence-based medicine elements. Ambulatory care APPEs had a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of reported pharmacist patient care elements. Community pharmacy had a statistically significant decrease in frequency in each category of EE except practice management. Statistically significant differences between programs were observed for select EEs.

CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of EE completion during disrupted APPEs revealed minimal change. Acute care was the least impacted whereas community APPEs experienced the greatest change. This may be attributable to shifts in direct patient interactions during the disruption. Ambulatory care was impacted to a lesser degree, potentially due to utilization of telehealth communications.

PMID:36914444 | DOI:10.1016/j.cptl.2023.02.001

Burns. 2023 Feb 24:S0305-4179(23)00031-1. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.02.010. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Severely burned patients suffer from both coagulopathy and hypothermia, with a lack of international consensus and appropriate treatment guidelines. This study examines recent developments and trends in coagulation and temperature management in European burn centers.

METHODS: A survey was sent to burn centers in Switzerland, Austria and Germany in 2016 and again in 2021. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, with categorical data reported in absolute numbers (n) and percentages (%) and numerical data reported as mean and standard deviation.

RESULTS: The rate of completed questionnaires was 84 % (16 of 19 questionnaires) in 2016 and 91 % (21 of 22 questionnaires) in 2021. The number of global coagulation tests performed has decreased over the observation period in favor of single factor determination and bed-side point-of-care coagulation tests. This has also led to increased administration of single factor concentrates in therapy. Although many centers had a defined treatment protocol for hypothermia in 2016, coverage increased such that in 2021 all centers surveyed had such a protocol. The body temperature was measured more consistently in 2021; thus, hypothermia was more actively sought, detected and treated.

CONCLUSION: A point-of-care guided, factor-based coagulation management and the maintenance of normothermia have gained importance in the care of burn patients in recent years.

PMID:36914441 | DOI:10.1016/j.burns.2023.02.010

Dent Mater. 2023 Mar 11:S0109-5641(23)00070-2. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.03.015. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate crystallography, translucency, phase content, microstructure and flexural strength of two commercial strength-gradient multilayered dental zirconia grades.

METHODS: Two zirconia grades, i.e., KATANA Zirconia YML (Kuraray Noritake; referred to as “YML”; composed of four layers: enamel, body 1-3) and IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime (Ivoclar Vivadent; referred to as “Prime”; composed of three layers: enamel, transition, body) were investigated. Fully sintered square-shaped zirconia specimens from each layer were prepared. Microstructure, chemical composition, translucency parameter and zirconia-phase composition of each layer were characterized. Four-point and biaxial flexural strength of each layer was measured using fully sintered bar- and square-shaped specimens. Square-shaped samples were used to measure strength across the layers.

RESULTS: For both multilayer zirconia grades, the ‘enamel’ layer contains a higher amount of c-ZrO₂, which resulted in higher translucency but lower flexural strength than the ‘body’ layers. The characteristic 4-point flexural strength of the YML ‘body 2’ (923 MPa) and ‘body 3’ (911 MPa) layers, and of the Prime ‘body’ (989 MPa) layer were comparable and higher than for the YML ‘enamel’ (634 MPa), Prime ‘transition’ (693 MPa) and ‘enamel’ (535 MPa) layers. The biaxial strength of specimens sectioned across the layers was in-between that of the ‘enamel’ and ‘body’ layers for both YML and Prime, implying the interfaces did not form a weak link.

SIGNIFICANCE: The difference in yttria content affects the phase composition and mechanical properties of each layer of the multi-layer zirconia. The strength-gradient approach allowed to integrate monoliths with irreconcilable properties.

PMID:36914432 | DOI:10.1016/j.dental.2023.03.015

Arch Med Res. 2023 Feb 14:S0188-4409(23)00015-2. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.02.002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: COVID-19, the 21^st century pandemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has shown a wide clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic to deadly serious pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE: In our study, the relationship between the pathogenesis and clinical severity of COVID-19 and vitamin D, ACE2, Furin and TMPRSS2 was investigated.

METHODS: Serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)₂D and ACE2 protein were measured in 85 COVID-19 cases, divided into 5 groups, according to disease severity, from asymptomatic to severe and including a healthy control group. Expression levels of ACE2, VDR, TMPRSS2 and Furin mRNAs in PBMC were also measured. The relationship of the parameters within each group, the severity of the disease and the effect on the patients’ fate were investigated.

RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found between the severity of COVID-19 and all study parameters, except for serum 25(OH)D. A strong negative correlation was found between serum ACE2 protein, 1,25(OH)₂D, and ACE2 mRNA, and disease severity, length of hospital stay and death/survival rate. Vitamin D deficiency increased the death risk by 5.6-fold (95% CI 0.75-41.47), and the levels of 1,25(OH)₂D lower than 1 ng/mL increased the risk of death by 3.8-fold (95% CI 1.07-13.30).

CONCLUSION: This study suggests that vitamin D supplementation could be beneficial in the treatment and/or prevention of COVID-19.

PMID:36914430 | DOI:10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.02.002

Arch Esp Urol. 2023 Feb;76(1):40-49. doi: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20237601.3.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To verify the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women in a single treatment cycle lasting at least 6 weeks.

METHODS: A preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) summary was followed correctly. Through the use of EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases, and PubMed (until July 2021), we looked for randomized controlled trials. In addition, the included articles’ original references were looked up as well.

RESULTS: Totally, we analyzed four studies including 690 patients. Compared with the sham acupuncture group, this analysis verified that acupuncture was critically better result in decreasing mean urine leakage (p = 0.04), 1-hour pad test (p = 0.04), 72-hour incontinence episodes (p < 0.00001), International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form scores (p = 0.0005) and improving patient self-evaluation (All p < 0.05). However, two groups had no statistical significance in improving pelvic floor muscle strength. In the matter of safety, mainly adverse events, especially with respect to pain, both groups showed no statistical difference.

CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture is more beneficial to patients with stress urinary incontinence in women with no critical difference in the incidence of advent events than sham acupuncture.

PMID:36914418 | DOI:10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20237601.3

Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2022 Dec 25;38(6):739-746. doi: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.511102.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the genetic information of 57 autosomal InDel loci (A-InDels) included in AGCU InDel 60 fluorescence detection kit in the Beichuan Qiang population of Sichuan Province and evaluate its application value in forensic medicine.

METHODS: A total of 200 unrelated healthy individuals from Beichuan Qiang population of Sichuan Province were typing detected by AGCU InDel 60 fluorescence detection kit. Allele frequencies and population genetic parameters of the 57 A-InDels were statistically analyzed and compared with the available data of 26 populations.

RESULTS: After Bonferroni correction, there was no linkage disequilibrium between the 57 A-InDels, and all loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Except for rs66595817 and rs72085595, the minor allele frequencies of 55 A-InDels were above 0.3. PIC ranged from 0.298 3 to 0.375 0, CDP was 1-2.974 8×10^-24, CPE_duo was 0.999 062 660, and CPE_trio was 0.999 999 999. The calculation of the genetic distance showed that Beichuan Qiang population had the closest genetic distances with Beijing Han and South China Han populations, but far away from African populations.

CONCLUSIONS: The 57 A-InDels in AGCU InDel 60 fluorescence detection kit have a good genetic polymorphism in Beichuan Qiang population of Sichuan Province, which can be used as effective supplemental for individual identification and paternity identification in forensic medicine.

PMID:36914390 | DOI:10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.511102

Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2022 Dec 25;38(6):697-701. doi: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.410904.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the interference of postmortem hemolysis on the detection of creatinine and whether ultrafiltration can reduce the interference.

METHODS: A total of 33 non-hemolyzed whole blood samples from the left heart were collected. Hemolyzed samples with 4 hemoglobin mass concentration gradients H1-H4 were artificially prepared. Ultrafiltration was performed on each hemolyzed sample. Creatinine concentrations in non-hemolyzed serum (baseline serum), hemolyzed samples and ultrafiltrate were detected. Bias (B), Pearson correlation and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) of baseline creatinine concentration between before and after ultrafiltration were analyzed.

RESULTS: As the hemoglobin mass concentration increased, B of the hemolyzed samples in the H1-H4 groups gradually increased, the |B| was 2.41(0.82, 8.25)-51.31(41.79, 188.25), reaching a maximum of 589.06%, and there was no statistically significant between the creatinine concentration and the baseline creatinine concentration (P=0.472 7, r=0.129 5). After ultrafiltration of hemolyzed samples, the interference of creatinine concentration in ultrafiltrate was significantly reduced, the |B| was 5.32(2.26, 9.22)-21.74(20.06, 25.58), reaching a maximum of 32.14%, and there was a positive correlation with baseline creatinine concentration (P<0.05, r=0.918 2). In the hemolyzed samples of H3 and H4 groups, there were 7 false-positive samples and 1 false-negative sample; in the ultrafiltrate samples, there were no false-positive sample and 1 false-negative sample. ROC analysis results showed the hemolyzed samples were lack of diagnostic value (P=0.117 5).

CONCLUSIONS: The postmortem hemolysis significantly interferes creatinine detection results of blood samples, ultrafiltration can reduce hemolysis-induced interference in postmortem creatinine detection.

PMID:36914384 | DOI:10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.410904

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2023 Mar 14. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003759. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of double plasma molecular adsorption system (DPMAS) with half-dose plasma exchange (PE) to that of full-dose PE in pediatric acute liver failure (PALF).

METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted in 13 pediatric intensive care units in Shandong Province, China. DPMAS + PE and single PE therapies were performed in 28 and 50 cases, respectively. The patients’ clinical information and biochemical data were obtained from the patients’ medical recordS.

RESULTS: The severity of illness did not differ between the two groups. At 72 h after treatment, comparing with PE group, the rates of decline of Pediatric model for Endstage Liver Disease and Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores as well as total bilirubin blood ammonia, and interleukin-6 were significantly higher, while the short-term effective rate (75.0% vs 44.0%, P=0.008) was significantly higher in the DPMAS+PE group. The volume of plasma consumption (26.5 vs 51.0 mL/kg, P=0.000) and the rate of adverse events (3.6% vs 24.0%, P=0.026) were lower in the DPMAS+PE group than in the PE group, respectively. However, there was no statistical difference in the 28-day mortality between the two groups (21.4% vs 40.0%, P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: For PALF patients, both DPMAS+ half-dose PE and full-dose PE could improve the liver function, while DPMAS+ half-dose PE could significantly reduce plasma consumption without obvious adverse effects in contrast with full-dose PE. Thus, DPMAS+ half-dose PE may be a suitable alternative method for PALF in the context of the increasingly tight blood supply situation.

PMID:36913704 | DOI:10.1097/MPG.0000000000003759

Scand J Work Environ Health. 2023 Mar 13:4086. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.4086. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of occupational exposures on the risk of a positive COVID-19 test, and whether this differed across pandemic waves.

METHODS: Data from 207 034 workers from The Netherlands with test data on COVID-19 from June 2020 until August 2021 were available. Occupational exposure was estimated by using the eight dimensions of a COVID-19 job exposure matrix (JEM). Personal characteristics, household composition and residence area were derived from Statistics Netherlands. A test-negative design was applied in which the risk of a positive test was analyzed in a conditional logit model.

RESULTS: All eight dimensions of occupational exposure included in the JEM increased the odds of a positive test for the entire study period and three pandemic waves [OR ranging from 1.09, (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.17) to 1.77 (95% CI 1.61-1.96)]. Adjusting for a previous positive test and other covariates strongly reduced the odds to be infected, but most dimensions remained at elevated risk. Fully adjusted models showed that contaminated work spaces and face covering were mostly relevant in the first two pandemic waves, whereas income insecurity showed higher odds in the third wave. Several occupations have a higher predicted value for a positive COVID-19 test, with variation over time. Discussion Occupational exposures are associated with a higher risk of a positive test, but variations over time exist in occupations with the highest risks. These findings provide insights for interventions among workers for future pandemic waves of COVID-19 or other respiratory epidemics.

PMID:36913703 | DOI:10.5271/sjweh.4086