Category: Nevin Manimala

J Exp Biol. 2023 Jan 26:jeb.244676. doi: 10.1242/jeb.244676. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The standard paradigm of organismal biology views lower-level traits (e.g., aspects of physiology) as determining organismal performance abilities (e.g., maximal sprint speed), which in turn constrain behavior (e.g., social interactions). However, few studies have simultaneously examined all three levels of organization. We used focal observations to record movement behaviors and push-up displays in the field for adult male Sceloporus occidentalis lizards during the breeding season. We then captured animals, measured aspects of physiology, morphology, performance, and counted ecto- and endoparasites as potential predictors of sprint speed and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Field behaviors were statistically repeatable, but not strongly so. Sprint speed and VO2max were repeatable using residuals from regressions on body mass (speed: r=0.70; VO2max: r=0.88). Both calf (standardized partial regression [path] coefficient B=0.53) and thigh (B=-0.37) muscle masses (as residuals from regressions on body mass) were significant predictors of sprint speed; hemoglobin concentration (B=0.42) was a predictor of VO2max. In turn, VO2max predicted the maximum number of 4-legged push-ups per bout (B=0.39). In path analysis, log likelihood ratio tests indicated no direct paths from lower-level traits to behavior, supporting the idea that morphology, in the broad sense, only affects behavior indirectly through measures of performance. Our results show that inter-individual variation in field behaviors can be related to performance abilities, which in turn reflect differences in morphology and physiology, although not parasite load. Given the low repeatability of field behaviors, some of the relationships between behavior and performance may be stronger than suggested by our results.

PMID:36700411 | DOI:10.1242/jeb.244676

Paediatr Anaesth. 2023 Jan 26. doi: 10.1111/pan.14639. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is a high incidence of perioperative anxiety in the pediatric population, with adverse side effects, such as emergency delirium and maladaptive postoperative behaviors.

AIMS: The study’s objective was to compare the level of preoperative anxiety in children after standard preparation plus a virtual tour of the operating room vs. standard preparation alone.

PATIENTS/METHODS: This was a prospective single-center, randomized, controlled, blinded trial with parallel assignment, registered as NCT04043663. Eligible subjects were healthy children (ASA I-II) aged 4 to 12, scheduled for outpatient surgery. Five visits were conducted during the study, two at the hospital and three over the phone. Variables assessed were: Child’s anxiety through the modified Yale Perioperative Anxiety Scale, demographic data, cooperation with induction through the Induction Compliance Checklist, preoperative parental anxiety through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Anxiety Visual Analog Scale, the postoperative delirium degree through the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale, the presence of behavioral changes through the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery, and the overall parental satisfaction.

RESULTS: 125 participants were included; 61 (48.8%) of them were randomized to the Virtual Tour Group (VT+) and 64 (51.2%) to the Non-virtual Tour Group (VT-). Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale results in VT+ vs. VT- were mean 27.26 vs. 32.57, and median 23.4 (CI 95% 23.4-23.4) vs. 23.4 (CI 95% 23.4-33.4), (p=0.0086). In the VT+ group, satisfaction was higher for questions one (p=0.0213), three (p=<0.0001), and four (p=0.0130). Throughout the study, we observed a significant reduction in perioperative anxiety in the VT+ group, facilitating anesthetic induction in perfect (p=0.018) and moderate compliance (p=0.0428). The other variables did not show statistically significant differences.

CONCLUSION: Our study confirms previous studies that found virtual tours for perioperative patients may reduce perioperative anxiety and improve satisfaction. We found no impact on longer-term outcomes.

PMID:36700361 | DOI:10.1111/pan.14639

J Anim Ecol. 2023 Jan 26. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.13889. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Ecological processes leave distinct structural imprints on the species interactions that shape the topology of animal-plant mutualistic networks. Detecting how direct and indirect interactions between animals and plants are organised is not trivial since they go beyond pairwise interactions, but may get blurred when considering global network descriptors. Recent work has shown that the meso-scale, the intermediate level of network complexity between the species and the global network, can capture this important information. The meso-scale describes network subgraphs representing patterns of direct and indirect interactions between a small number of species, and when these network subgraphs differ statistically from a benchmark, they are often referred to as “network motifs”. Although motifs can capture relevant ecological information of species interactions, they remain overlooked in natural plant-pollinator networks. By exploring 60 empirical plant-pollinator networks from 18 different studies with wide geographical coverage, we show that some network subgraphs are consistently under- or over-represented, suggesting the presence of worldwide network motifs in plant-pollinator networks. In addition, we found a higher proportion of densely connected network subgraphs that, based on previous findings, could reflect that species relative abundances are the main driver shaping the structure of the meso-scale on plant-pollinator communities. Moreover, we found that distinct subgraph positions describing species ecological roles (e.g., generalisation and number of indirect interactions) are occupied by different groups of animal and plant species representing their main life-history strategies (i.e., functional groups). For instance, we found that the functional group of ‘bees’ was over-represented in subgraph positions with a lower number of indirect interactions in contrast to the rest of floral visitors groups. Finally, we show that the observed functional group combinations within a subgraph can not be retrieved from their expected probabilities (i.e., joint probability distributions), indicating that plant and floral visitor associations within subgraphs are not random either. Our results highlight the presence of common network motifs in plant-pollinator communities that are formed by a non-random association of plants and floral visitors functional groups.

PMID:36700304 | DOI:10.1111/1365-2656.13889

Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2023 Jan 23;97:e202301005.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Health personnel are at greater risk of contracting infections related to their work within the group of workers with biological risk, and these mishaps can affect their physical and mental health. therefore, the objective of this paper was to understand the experience of health professionals in an intensive care unit (ICU) in Cali (Colombia) who suffered biological accidents.

METHODS: Explanatory sequential mixed design, it was developed in two phases, the first of a descriptive quantitative type and the second of a qualitative type with a phenomenological approach. Initially the knowledge about biosafety in 40 workers was characterized through a survey and a in the first contact, five participants were chosen who shared their experiences with biological accidents, through in-depth interviews. The statistical analysis was descriptive, the quantitative variables were presented through measures of central tendency and the qualitative variables through frequency and percentage.

RESULTS: 39% of the professionals knew the biosafety barriers, 35% identified the pathogenic pathways, 34% were right about the protection measures, 51% answered correctly about hand washing, 70% answered adequately about biological waste, and only 38% recognized the procedure for reporting an accident.

CONCLUSIONS: A low level of knowledge is identified on issues related to biosafety principles, transmission routes, hand sanitizing agents, and procedures to follow in the event of a biohazard accident. In addition, ICUs are identified as high-risk places. biological that cause feelings of fear, anguish, and stress that are added to the long working hours.

PMID:36700293

Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2023;34(1):144-150. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.879. Epub 2022 Dec 27.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare three glenohumeral dislocation (GHD) reduction techniques in terms of pain and reduction time and to offer clinicians an idea of the selection of the most appropriate technique.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This multi-center, prospective, randomized clinical study included a total of 90 patients (55 males, 35 females; median age: 29 years; range, 22 to 41 years) who had isolated anterior GHD without complication between December 2019 and December 2021. The patients were divided into three equal groups (traction-countertraction [TCT], external rotation [ExR], and Cunningham) using the block randomization method, and reductions were performed. Pre-reduction, intra-reduction, and post-reduction Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, reduction times, success rates, and complication rates were analyzed.

RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in terms of age (p=0.414), sex (p=0.954), pre-reduction VAS (p=0.175), and post-reduction VAS (p=0.204). The median intra-reduction VAS values in the TCT, the external rotation, and the Cunningham groups were 8 (range, 7 to 9), 5 (range, 4 to 7), and 4 (range, 2.75 to 5), respectively (p<0.001). The median reduction time and IQR were 105 (range, 82.5 to 120) sec for TCT, 270 (range, 232.5 to 300) sec for ExR, and 630 (range, 540 to 780) sec for Cunningham (p=0.001).

CONCLUSION: The fastest, but most painful technique is TCT, while the longest and the least painful technique is Cunningham. An inverse relationship is found between time and pain. Based on these findings, it seems to be reasonable to leave the choice of the ideal reduction technique to the clinician. The clinician should choose the technique to be used according to the conditions in the emergency department.

PMID:36700276 | DOI:10.52312/jdrs.2023.879

Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2023;34(1):138-143. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.784. Epub 2022 Dec 27.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the impact of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and its reconstruction on men’s sexual functions.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between February 2016 and November 2019, a total of 27 sexually active male patients (mean age: 33.7±4.3 years; range, 26 to 40 years) who were operated for ACL injury at least six months after trauma were retrospectively analyzed. Erectile function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire (IIEF) and knee function was evaluated by using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Scoring System, Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, and Tegner Activity Score. Sexual and functional questionnaires were applied to evaluate three different periods retrospectively. These periods were as follows: the period before an ACL injury (Period I); the period in which the patient suffered from an ACL injury, but not operated (Period II), and the period after the ACL reconstruction (Period III).

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in the comparison of knee function scores according to three different periods. Sexual function scores were significantly different between Periods I and II, and between Periods I and III. However, although the IIEF value was higher in Period III than in Period II, no statistically significant difference was observed. A moderate correlation was found between the sexual functional scores of IIEF and IKDC scores.

CONCLUSION: Our study results suggest that ACL injury affects sexual functions adversely. The change in sexual functions after ACL surgery depends on the success of surgery. While deciding on the treatment of ACL injury, the patient’s sexual life should be questioned along with his expectations.

PMID:36700275 | DOI:10.52312/jdrs.2023.784

Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2023;34(1):121-129. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.788. Epub 2023 Jan 14.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the success of plate augmentation over a retained intramedullary nail (IMN) against exchange nailing performed with autologous bone grafting in oligotrophic and atrophic pseudoarthrosis of the femoral shaft.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between May 2005 and October 2020, a total of 42 of 56 patients (28 males, 14 females; mean age: 47.3±17.2 years; range, 19 to 84 years) with aseptic atrophic or oligotrophic femoral nonunion were retrospectively analyzed. The patients, 20 were operated with plate over a retained IMN, and the rest (n=22) by exchange nailing. Data including demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, treatment success, duration of surgery, blood loss during surgery, infection rates, length of hospital stay, time to bridging of the nonunion site, and time to obliteration of the fracture line (solid union) were recorded.

RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 23.8±20.4 (range, 12 to 96) months in the plate over an IMN group and 34.7±27.4 (range, 12 to 90) months in the exchange nailing group. At the final follow-up, solid union occurred in all of the patients in the plate augmentation over a retained IMN group, and 21 of 22 (95.45%) patients in the exchange nailing group. Blood loss during surgery was significantly less in the plate augmentation over IMN group (p=0.027). There was no statistically significant difference in the other variables between the two groups (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Our study results demonstrate that plate over a retained IMN is effective as exchange nailing in the surgical treatment of oligotrophic and atrophic pseudoarthrosis of the femoral shaft. However, it can be speculated that plate application over IMN is more advantageous in terms of blood loss during surgery.

PMID:36700273 | DOI:10.52312/jdrs.2023.788

Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2023;34(1):108-114. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.856. Epub 2022 Dec 27.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the length of the protruded screws from the dorsal cortex and extensor tendon damage in all compartments.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between May 2020 and April 2021, a total of 29 patients (13 males, 16 females; mean age: 52.3±13.0 years; range, 30 to 78 years) who were operated and followed in our clinic for AO A2 and A3 distal radius fractures were included in this prospective study. Surface ultrasound (US) imaging was made to the dorsal sides of both wrists of the operated patients at different timepoints postoperatively. The length of screws with radius dorsal cortex penetration and the presence of tendinitis were recorded.

RESULTS: In 15 of 23 patients, the presence of 29 protruding screws was accompanied by tendinitis and, in eight patients, no tendinitis was observed, despite the partial protrusion of screws. A statistically significant correlation was found between the screw protrusion and presence of tendinitis (p<0.05). The number of protruding screws and tendinitis were seen mostly in the second compartment. There was a statistically significant correlation between the protruding screw length of >1.6 mm and the presence tendinitis (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Dorsal cortex screw protrusions in the application of volar plate for distal radius fractures can cause tendinitis. Screw protrusions occur more frequently in the second compartment and the development of tendinitis in this compartment is associated with a screw length of >1.6 mm. Screw penetration can be easily identified with intraoperative US to prevent tendinitis and potential tendon ruptures.

PMID:36700271 | DOI:10.52312/jdrs.2023.856

Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2023;34(1):98-107. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.838. Epub 2022 Dec 27.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between biceps pathologies and radiological measurements in massive rotator cuff tears treated arthroscopically.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between December 2015 and December 2018, a total of 145 patients (56 males, 89 females; mean age: 62.2±9.7 years; range, 28 to 87 years) with supraspinatus and/or infraspinatus full-thickness tear larger than 3 cm and who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were retrospectively analyzed. Biceps pathologies detected during arthroscopy were divided into four groups. Group 1: biceps tendinitis or without biceps pathology; Group 2: biceps partial/degeneration tear; Group 3: biceps dislocation/instability; Group 4: complete biceps head rupture. Radiological measurements were calculated from the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and anteroposterior X-ray images of the patients.

RESULTS: A total of 65.5% of the lesions were on the right arm and 34.5% were on the left arm. All patients had posterior superior rotator cuff tears which could be surgically repaired. A total of 22.1% of the patients had no biceps tendinitis/biceps pathology, 20.7% had biceps instability/dislocation, 28.3% had biceps degeneration/partial rupture, and 29% of patients had biceps total rupture. Patients in Group 4 had a statistically significantly higher superior migration of the humeral head distance (p=0.012) than Group 2, and patients in Group 2 had a statistically significantly higher coracohumeral distance (p=0.042) than patients in Group 4. There was no significant difference in the other measurements among the groups.

CONCLUSION: The long head of the biceps, of which function has not yet been clearly elucidated, is one of the superior and anterior stabilizing forces of the humeral head.

PMID:36700270 | DOI:10.52312/jdrs.2023.838

Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2023;34(1):92-97. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.956. Epub 2023 Jan 6.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the soft tissue stiffness which has a prominent role in shoulder instability using ultrasound (US) shear wave elastography (SWE) and to compare the results with healthy shoulders.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between December 2018 and January 2020, a total of 33 male patients (mean age: 26±4.3 years; range, 18 to 35 years) who underwent arthroscopic repair for traumatic isolated anterior glenohumeral instability were included in this prospective study. The shoulder girdle was evaluated with US SWE in patients with traumatic anterior instability. Deltoid (D), supraspinatus (SS), infraspinatus (IS), subscapularis (SSC), and long head of biceps (LHB) tendons forming the shoulder girdle and anterior labrum (L) were evaluated with SWE. The elasticity and velocity of the tissues were quantitatively measured. The operated shoulders of 33 patients due to isolated traumatic anterior instability were named Group 1, while the healthy shoulders of these patients were named Group 2. Thirty volunteers with healthy shoulders were considered as the control group (Group 3, n=30).

RESULTS: All three groups were compared in terms of SS, D, LHB, and SSC tendon velocity and elasticity; however, no statistically significant difference was observed among the groups (p<0.05). The anterior labrum of these three groups did not significantly differ in terms of SWE measurements (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The stiffness of shoulder girdle muscle tendons and labrum measured with US SWE does not constitute a risk factor for traumatic anterior shoulder instability.

PMID:36700269 | DOI:10.52312/jdrs.2023.956