Category: Nevin Manimala

Dent Mater. 2023 Jan 27:S0109-5641(23)00020-9. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.01.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The mono-functional monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is often added to universal adhesives (UAs) to improve surface wetting and prevent phase separation. Nevertheless, HEMA promotes water sorption and hydrolysis at adhesive interfaces, hereby affecting long-term bonding to dentin. This study investigated if two acrylamide monomers could replace HEMA in an UA formulation applied in etch-and-rinse (2E&R) and self-etch (1SE) bonding mode.

METHODS: Four experimental UAs were bonded to bur-cut dentin. In addition to 12 wt% 10-MDP, 25 wt% Bis-GMA and 10 wt% TEGDMA as common monomer composition, 20 %wt ethanol and 15 %wt water as solvent, and 3 wt% polymerization-related additives, the four formulations solely differed for either the acrylamide cross-linker monomer ‘FAM-201’ as TEGDMA alternative and HEMA replacement, the hydroxyethyl acrylamide monomer ‘HEAA’ as HEMA alternative, HEMA (‘HEMA+’), or extra TEGDMA in a HEMA-free control (‘HEMA-‘), all added in a 15 wt% concentration. The split-tooth study design involved application in 2E&R mode on one tooth half versus 1SE mode on the corresponding half. Micro-tensile bond strength of half of the micro-specimens was measured upon 1-week distilled water storage (‘immediate’ 1w μTBS), with the other half measured after additional 6-month storage (‘aged’ 6 m μTBS). Statistics involved linear mixed-effects (LME) modelling (p < .05). Additionally, interfacial TEM characterization, thin-film (TF) XRD surface analysis, LogP determination, and a cytotoxicity assay were carried out.

RESULTS: FAM-201 revealed significantly higher μTBS than HEMA+ at 1w and 6 m when applied both in E&R and SE bonding modes. HEAA’s μTBS was significantly lower than that of HEMA+ at 1w when applied in SE mode. TF-XRD and TEM revealed similar chemical and ultrastructural interfacial characterization, including stable 10-MDP_Ca salt nano-layering. FAM-201 was least cytotoxic and presented with an intermediary LogP, while HEAA presented with the highest LogP, indicating high hydrophilicity and water-sorption sensitivity.

SIGNIFICANCE: The acrylamide co-monomer FAM-201 could replace HEMA in an UA formulation, while HEAA not.

PMID:36710097 | DOI:10.1016/j.dental.2023.01.003

Nurs Open. 2023 Jan 29. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1625. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To evaluate the effects of mutual goal-based continuous care program on the outcomes of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

DESIGN: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial.

METHODS: 87 patients with CHD after PCI in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, were randomly divided into study (n = 42) and control (n = 45) groups. The control group received 12-week cardiac rehabilitation and routine care. The study group received routine care and cardiac rehabilitation and the 12-week intervention program developed according to the goal attainment theory, including the mutual goal-based face-to-face guidance, and every-2-week telephone follow-ups. The self-management behaviour, quality of life, unscheduled readmission rate, and satisfaction of patients were examined.

RESULTS: For the patients subjected to the developed continuous nursing program based on mutual goals, achievement rates of all dimension mutual goals were at high levels (from 80.21% to 98.41%), except for the weight control (60.94%). Moreover, according to the comparable base data, compared with the control group, the self-management behaviour (study group 93.43 vs. control group 76.00), quality of life (QoL), and patients’ satisfaction (study group 4.64 vs. control group 4.11) were higher, while the unscheduled readmission rate (study group 4.76% vs. control group 22.22%) was lower, in the study group, with statistically significant differences.

PMID:36709489 | DOI:10.1002/nop2.1625

J Eval Clin Pract. 2023 Jan 29. doi: 10.1111/jep.13810. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

RATIONALE: The physiotherapy profession strives to be a leader in providing quality care and strongly recognizes the value of research to guide clinical practice. Adherence to guidelines for research reporting and conduct is a significant step towards high-quality, transparent and reproducible research.

AIM/OBJECTIVE: Assess integrity between planned and conducted methodology in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs) published in physiotherapy journals.

METHODS: Eighteen journals were manually searched for RCTs and SRs published from 1 July 2021 through 31 December 2021. Studies were included if the journal or specific study was indexed in PubMed and published/translated in English. Descriptive statistics determined congruence between preregistration data and publication.

RESULTS: Forty RCTs and 68 SRs were assessed. Forty-three SRs included meta-analysis (MA). Of the 34 registered RCTs, 7 (20.6%) had no discrepancy between the registration and publication. Two trials (5.9%) addressed all discrepancies, 4 (11.8%) addressed some and 21 (61.8%) did not address any discrepancies. Of the 36 registered MAs, 33 (91.7%) had discrepancies between the registration and publication. Two (5.6%) addressed all discrepancies and three (8.3%) had no discrepancies. Eight SRs without MA published information not matching their registration, and none provided justification for the discrepancies.

CONCLUSION: Most RCTs/SRs were registered; the majority had discrepancies between preregistration and publication, potentially influencing the outcomes and interpretations of findings. Journals should require preregistration and compare the submission with the registration information when assessing publication suitability. Readers should be aware of these inconsistencies and their implications when interpreting and translating results into practice.

PMID:36709480 | DOI:10.1111/jep.13810

BJU Int. 2023 Jan 29. doi: 10.1111/bju.15981. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To synthesize available data regarding the disease-free survival (DFS) benefit of adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for patients with RCC and evaluate the overall safety profile of ICIs in this setting.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We utilized PubMed, Embase, and relevant conference proceedings to identify phase III randomized controlled trials comparing adjuvant ICI versus placebo/observation for RCC. The primary outcome of interest was DFS. Variables for subgroup analyses were program death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, sarcomatoid features, nephrectomy type, and disease-risk category. Secondary outcomes included grade ≥ 3 adverse events (AEs), immune-related AEs, and treatment discontinuation due to AEs. All outcomes were analyzed using random-effects models owing to inter-study heterogeneity.

RESULTS: Among the four included studies, one demonstrated a significant DFS benefit. There was considerable clinical and statistical heterogeneity (I² =64%) due to differences in inclusion criteria and interventions. While pooled results across the four studies did not demonstrate a significant benefit in DFS overall (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.69-1.04), there was significant benefit among patients with positive PD-L1 expression (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55-0.94) and sarcomatoid features (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38-0.91).

CONCLUSION: The evidence base to date regarding ICI as adjuvant therapy in RCC is mixed – conclusions are limited by considerable heterogeneity between studies. However, pooled analyses suggest that patients with positive PD-L1 expression or sarcomatoid features are most likely to benefit from adjuvant immunotherapy.

PMID:36709462 | DOI:10.1111/bju.15981

J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2023 Jan 29:1-19. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2171131. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is severe dengue with a hallmark of vascular leakage. β-tryptase has been found to promote vascular leakage in DHF patients, which could be a potential target for DHF treatment. This study aims to develop a theoretical background for designing and selecting human β-tryptase inhibitors through computational studies. Thirty-four α-keto-[1,2,3]-oxadiazoles scaffold-based compounds were used to generate 2D-QSAR models and for molecular docking studies with β-tryptase (PDB Code 4A6L). In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and molecular mechanics generalised born surface area (MM-GBSA) analysis on the binding of the reported most active compound, compound 11e, towards β-tryptase were performed. Finally, a structure-based pharmacophore model was generated. The selected 2D-QSAR models have statistically proven good models by internal and external validation as well as the y-randomization test. The docking results of compound 11e showed lower CDOCKER energy than the 4A6L co-crystallised ligand and a similar binding pattern as the 4A6L co-crystallised ligand. From molecular dynamics simulation, 4A6L in compound 11e bound state has RMSD below 2 Å throughout the 500 ns simulation, indicating the docked complex is stable. Besides, MM-GBSA analysis suggested the 4A6L-compound 11e docked complex (-66.04 Kcal/mol) is structurally as stable as the 4A6L-native ligand co-crystallized structure (-66.84 Kcal/mol). The best pharmacophore model identified features included hydrogen bond acceptor, ionic interaction, hydrophobic interaction, and aromatic ring, which contribute to the inhibitory potency of a compound. This study supplied insight and knowledge for developing novel chemical compounds with improved inhibition of β-tryptase.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

PMID:36709457 | DOI:10.1080/07391102.2023.2171131

Epidemiology. 2023 Jan 30. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001596. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Instrumental variables (IVs) can be used to provide evidence as to whether a treatment X has a causal effect on an outcome Y. Even if the instrument Z satisfies the three core IV assumptions of relevance, independence, and the exclusion restriction, further assumptions are required to identify the average causal effect (ACE) of X on Y. Sufficient assumptions for this include: homogeneity in the causal effect of X on Y; homogeneity in the association of Z with X; and no effect modification.

METHODS: We describe the no simultaneous heterogeneity assumption, which requires the heterogeneity in the X-Y causal effect to be mean independent of (i.e., uncorrelated with) both Z and heterogeneity in the Z-X association. This happens, for example, if there are no common modifiers of the X-Y effect and the Z-X association, and the X-Y effect is additive linear. We illustrate the assumption of no simultaneous heterogeneity using simulations and by re-examining selected published studies.

RESULTS: Under no simultaneous heterogeneity, the Wald estimand equals the ACE even if both homogeneity assumptions and no effect modification (which we demonstrate to be special cases of – and therefore stronger than – no simultaneous heterogeneity) are violated.

CONCLUSIONS: The assumption of no simultaneous heterogeneity is sufficient for identifying the ACE using IVs. Since this assumption is weaker than existing assumptions for ACE identification, doing so may be more plausible than previously anticipated.

PMID:36709456 | DOI:10.1097/EDE.0000000000001596

Braz J Psychiatry. 2022 Sep 30;44(6):644-649. doi: 10.47626/1516-4446-2022-2601.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Multimorbidity, or the occurrence of two or more chronic conditions, is a global challenge, with implications for mortality, morbidity, disability, and life quality. Psychiatric disorders are common among the chronic diseases that affect patients with multimorbidity. It is still not well understood whether psychiatric symptoms, especially depressive symptoms, moderate the effect of multimorbidity on cognition.

METHODS: We used a large (n=2,681) dataset to assess whether depressive symptomatology moderates the effect of multimorbidity on cognition using structural equation modelling.

RESULTS: It was found that the more depressive symptoms and chronic conditions, the worse the cognitive performance, and the higher the educational level, the better the cognitive performance. We found a significant but weak (0.009; p = 0.04) moderating effect.

CONCLUSION: We have provided the first estimate of the moderating effect of depression on the relation between multimorbidity and cognition, which was small. Although this moderation has been implied by many previous studies, it was never previously estimated.

PMID:36709433 | DOI:10.47626/1516-4446-2022-2601

Andrology. 2023 Jan 28. doi: 10.1111/andr.13396. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Since the 1970s, several studies found that sperm concentration (SC) and total sperm count (TSC) constantly worsened over time, mainly in high-income countries.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the decreasing trend in sperm count is continuing in Western European countries and USA, we performed a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Embase and Pubmed/Medline were searched for papers published in English in the 2000-2020 period limiting the search to data collected in the USA and in Western European countries.

RESULTS: We identified 62 articles and pooled information on 24,196 men (range 10-2,523), collected from 1993 to 2018. Considering all the studies, random-effects meta-regression analyses showed no significant trend for SC (slope per year -0.07 mil/mL, p-value = 0.86). Negative trends of SC were detected in Scandinavian countries (slope per year -1.11 mil/mL, 95%CI: -2.40 to +0.19; p-value = 0.09), but the findings were statistically not significant. No significant trends of SC were detected in Central Europe (slope per year +0.23, 95%CI -2.51 to +2.96; p-value = 0.87), the USA (slope per year +1.08, 95%CI -0.42 to +2.57; p-value = 0.16) and Southern Europe (slope per year +0.19, 95%CI -0.99 to +1.37; p-value = 0.75). We have analysed separately findings from studies including sperm donors, fertile men, young unselected men (unselected men, study mean age<25 years) and unselected men (unselected men, study mean age≥25 years). No significant trends of SC were observed among sperm donors (slope per year -2.80, 95%CI -6.76 to +1.17; p-value 0.16), unselected men (slope per year -0.23, 95%CI -1.58 to +1.12; p-value 0.73), young unselected men (slope per year -0.49, 95%CI -1.76 to +0.79; p-value 0.45), fertile men (slope per year +0.29, 95%CI -1.09 to +1.67; p-value 0.68).

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of this analysis show no significant trends in SC in USA and selected Western European countries. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:36709405 | DOI:10.1111/andr.13396

J Perinatol. 2023 Jan 28. doi: 10.1038/s41372-023-01622-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the anesthetic approach with the least adverse events and better cardiorespiratory stability profile, used in infants undergoing laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity.

STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review was conducted. PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched until 27^th October 2021. Reference lists of relevant studies, and abstract books of international annual meetings of pediatric Οphthalmology for the years 2020 and 2021 were also looked at, as well as Clinical trials registry ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ).

RESULT: Overall 18 primary studies (3 randomized controlled trials, 3 cohorts, 12 case series) were included, investigating different anesthetic modalities. Cardiopulmonary instability was more common, and hypothermia was less common in the sedation groups of pentazocine/midazolam and fentanyl/midazolam, compared to the general anesthesia group of air/oxygen/sevoflurane (AOS). Cardiorespiratory instability was also more common in sedation with propofol/ketamine compared to general anesthesia with AOS, while postoperative mechanical ventilation was more frequently needed in the latter. Αpnea, need for supplemental oxygen and cardiorespiratory instability was more frequent in infants receiving fentanyl as opposed to ketamine. Fentanyl compared to morphine presented no differences in safety parameters. Finally, topical anesthesia showed the greatest instability with a higher mean postoperative cardiorespiratory index, compared to both sedation and general anesthesia. Episodes of life-threatening events were reported after topical anesthesia, while hypothermia and oliguria presented less often after topical, compared to general anesthesia and sedation.

CONCLUSION: Significant heterogeneity among studies precludes direct comparisons and generalizability of the results. No specific anesthetic modality for treatment of ROP with laser photocoagulation was shown to be superior in terms of safety. Well-designed studies are required to establish the optimal anesthetic approach, considering that laser photocoagulation still remains one of the main therapeutic modalities for ROP.

PMID:36709402 | DOI:10.1038/s41372-023-01622-7

Commun Biol. 2023 Jan 28;6(1):116. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-04497-8.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:36709395 | DOI:10.1038/s42003-023-04497-8