Category: Nevin Manimala

Kardiologiia. 2023 Feb 28;63(2):27-33. doi: 10.18087/cardio.2023.2.n1973.

ABSTRACT

Aim To study changes in cardiohemodynamic alterations of the myocardium and heart rhythm disorders at 3 and 6 months following the coronavirus infection.Material and methods EchoCG, ECG Holter monitoring, and Doppler ultrasonography of hepatolienal blood vessels were performed for 77 patients (mean age, 35.9 years) at 3 and 6 months after coronavirus infection. The patients were divided into the following groups: group 1, with injury of the upper respiratory tract; group 2, with bilateral pneumonia (CТ1, 2), and group 3, with severe pneumonia (CТ3, 4). Statistical analysis was performed with a SPSS Statistics Version 25.0 software package.Results At 6 months after the disease onset, the patients noted an improvement of their general condition. In patients with moderate pneumonia, early peak diastolic velocity (p=0.09), right ventricular isovolumic diastolic time (р=0.09), and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (р=0.005) where decreased, while tricuspid annular peak systolic velocity was, in contrast, increased (р=0.042). Both segmental systolic velocity of the LV mid-inferior segment (р=0.006) and the mitral annular Em / Am ratio were decreased. In patients with severe disease at 6 months, right atrial indexed volume was reduced (р=0.036), tricuspid annular Em / Am was decreased (р=0.046), portal and splenic vein flow velocities were decreased, and inferior vena cava diameter was reduced. Late diastolic transmitral flow velocity was increased (р=0.027), and LV basal inferolateral segmental systolic velocity was decreased (р=0.046). In all groups, the number of patients with heart rhythm disorders was decreased, and parasympathetic autonomic influences prevailed.Conclusion At 6 months after coronavirus infection, practically all patients noted improvement of their general condition; incidence rate of arrhythmia and cases of pericardial effusion were decreased; and autonomic nervous system activity recovered. In patients with moderate and severe disease, morpho-functional parameters of the right heart and the hepatolienal blood flow were normalized, however, occult disorders of LV diastolic function remained, and LV segmental systolic velocity was reduced.

PMID:36880140 | DOI:10.18087/cardio.2023.2.n1973

Phytochem Anal. 2023 Mar 6. doi: 10.1002/pca.3220. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Moringa oleifera is a plant with high antioxidant content in its leaves, flowers and seeds. It attracts the attention of researchers with the effect of its nutritional and medical advantages.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study is to propose a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive substances from M. oleifera leaves by the application of a chemometric study.

METHODOLOGY: A total of 18 different choline chloride-based DESs were prepared by using several hydrogen bond donors (glucose, sucrose, glycerol, ethylene glycol, urea and dimethyl urea) with various molar ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1) by addition of diluents (water and 50% methanol) or alone. In order to decide the best DES combination, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. The response surface method (RSM) was used as statistical experimental design approach through the Box-Behnken design.

RESULTS: The best phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC) and antioxidant activity yields of M. oleifera leaf extract were found to be 19.102 mg-GAE, 10.47 mg-CE and 24.404 mg-TEAC per gram dried leaf under the optimal conditions (50% water content, 20% amplitude, 15 min time). The model fitting has been also found reliable depending on the statistical indicators such as p-value (<0.0001), coefficients of determination (R² = 0.9827, 0.9916 and 0.9864) and root mean square error (RMSE = 1.0562, 2.4656 and 0.7713).

CONCLUSIONS: A chemometric study through PCA was carried out to determine the similarities and differences between the solvent groups, and the ethylene glycol-based DES (1:2, molar ratio) with the addition of water showed the best performance.

PMID:36880135 | DOI:10.1002/pca.3220

Physiother Res Int. 2023 Mar 6:e1997. doi: 10.1002/pri.1997. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Mirror therapy (MT) has been proposed to be an effective therapeutic regimen for lower limb stroke rehabilitation. This review is the first to evaluate the efficacy of MT in subacute and chronic stroke for lower-limb motor functions, balance and gait focusing on particular stage of stroke with specific outcome measures.

METHODS: According to PRISMA guidelines, all relevant sources were searched from 2005 to 2020 using “PIOD” framework. Search methods included electronic database, hand and citation searching. Screening and quality assessment was performed by two individual reviewers. Data was extracted and synthesised from 10 studies. Thematic analysis was considered, random-effect models were used and pooled analysis was performed using forest plots.

RESULTS: For motor recovery, MT showed statistically significant effects compared to control group using Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Brunnstorm stages as outcome measures (SMD 0.59; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.88; p < 0.0001; I² = 0%). Statistical significant improvement was reported for balance in MT compared to control using Berg Balance Scale and Biodex in pooled analysis (SMD 0.47; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.90; p = 0.03; I² = 0%). When compared with electric stimulation and action-observation training MT showed no signifiant improvement for balance (SMD -0.21; 95% CI -0.91 to 0.50; p = 0.56; I² = 39%). For gait, MT showed statistical and clinical significant improvement compared to control group (SMD 1.13; 95% CI 0.27-2.00; p = 0.01; I² = 84%) and when compared to action-observation training and electrical stimulation, presented statistical improvement using 10-m walk test and Motion Capture system (SMD -0.65; 95% CI -1.15 to -0.15; p = 0.01; I² = 0%).

CONCLUSION: This review has shown that MT is effective in lower-limb motor recovery, balance and gait in subacute and chronic stroke in patients 18 years or above with no severe cognitive disorder, MMSE score ≥24 and FAC level ≥2. MT could be used for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks, as stand-alone for motor recovery and balance or as an adjunct with electric stimulation for gait for beneficial effects.

PMID:36880119 | DOI:10.1002/pri.1997

Cancer Med. 2023 Mar 6. doi: 10.1002/cam4.5613. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the role of Sonazoid enhanced ultrasound assistant laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation in treating liver malignancy.

METHODS: Consecutive patients are recruited. Rates of complication and postoperative length of stay are compared between the study and control groups. Progression-free survival (PFS) of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) after ablation are compared. Complete ablation rates are compared and optimal tumor size is calculated by ROC curve analysis. Risk factors of incomplete ablation are determined by logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: Totally 73 patients with 153 lesions were included. No significant differences in the rate of complication were found between the study and control groups. PFS of CRLM in laparoscopic, intraoperative CEUS, and laparoscopic CEUS groups are all longer than their control groups. Complete ablation rates of laparoscopic, intraoperative CEUS, and laparoscopic CEUS groups are all higher than in their control groups with statistical significance. A tumor size of 2.15 cm is determined to be the optimal cut-off with the area under the ROC curve of 0.854, 95% CI (0.764, 0.944), p = 0.001. In logistic regression analysis, tumor size [OR 20.425, 95% CI (3.136, 133.045), p = 0.002] and location of segments VII and VIII [OR 9.433, 95% CI (1.364, 65.223), p = 0.023] are calculated to be the risk factors of incomplete ablation, meanwhile, intraoperative CEUS shows to be a protective factor in univariate analysis [OR 0.110, 95% CI (0.013, 0.915), p = 0.041].

CONCLUSION: Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasound assistant laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation is safe and effective to treat liver malignancy. We should pay attention to the ablation planning of larger tumors and tumors in special locations.

PMID:36880113 | DOI:10.1002/cam4.5613

Appl Math Mech. 2023;44(3):499-514. doi: 10.1007/s10483-023-2969-9. Epub 2023 Mar 1.

ABSTRACT

Epilepsy is believed to be associated with the abnormal synchronous neuronal activity in the brain, which results from large groups or circuits of neurons. In this paper, we choose to focus on the temporal lobe epilepsy, and establish a cortex network of multiple coupled neural populations to explore the epileptic activities under electromagnetic induction. We demonstrate that the epileptic activities can be controlled and modulated by electromagnetic induction and coupling among regions. In certain regions, these two types of control are observed to show exactly reverse effects. The results show that the strong electromagnetic induction is conducive to eliminating the epileptic seizures. The coupling among regions has a conduction effect that the previous normal background activity of the region gives way to the epileptic discharge, owing to coupling with spike wave discharge regions. Overall, these results highlight the role of electromagnetic induction and coupling among the regions in controlling and modulating epileptic activities, and might provide novel insights into the treatments of epilepsy.

PMID:36880095 | PMC:PMC9976671 | DOI:10.1007/s10483-023-2969-9

Pediatr Dent. 2023 Jan 15;45(1):52-59.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the wear resistance of stainless steel crowns, (SSCs), zirconia crowns (ZRCs), and nanohybrid crowns (NHCs) using a 3D tomography method.

METHODS: Prefabricated SSCs, ZRCs, and NHCs (n equals 80) were worn for 400,000 cycles, equivalent to three years of simulated clinical wear, at 50 N and 1.2 Hz using the Leinfelder-Suzuki wear tester. Wear volume, maximum wear depth, and wear surface area were computed using a 3D superimposition method and 2D imaging software. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with the least significant difference post hoc test (P<0.05).

RESULTS: After a wear simulation of three years, NHCs had a 45 percent failure rate; NHCs also had the greatest wear volume loss (0.71 mm³), maximum wear depth (0.22 mm), and wear surface area (4.45 mm²). SSCs (0.23 mm³ , 0.12 mm, 2.63 mm²) and ZRCs (0.03 mm³ , 0.08 mm, 0.20 mm ²) had less wear volume, area, and depth (P<0.001). ZRCs were the most abrasive to their antagonists (P<0.001). The NHC (against SSC wearing group) had the greatest total wear facet surface area (4.43 mm²).

CONCLUSIONS: Stainless steel crowns and zirconia crowns were the most wear-resistant materials. Based on these laboratory findings, in the primary dentition, nanohybrid crowns are not recommended as long-term restorations beyond 12 months (P=0.001).

PMID:36879372

Pediatr Dent. 2023 Jan 15;45(1):12-15.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the postponement of dental elective procedures at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increased number of simple dental extractions, and/or decreased restorative procedures by analyzing data obtained from state-funded insurance dental claims.

METHODS: Paid dental claims collected from March 2019 to December 2019 and from March 2020 to December 2020 for children ages two to 13 years old were analyzed. Dental procedures were selected based on Current Dental Terminology (CDT) codes for simple dental extractions and restorative procedures. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the rates of procedure types between 2019 and 2020.

RESULTS: No differences in dental extractions but full-coverage restoration procedure rates per month and child were significantly lower than pre-pandemic (P=0.016).

CONCLUSION: Further study required to determine the impact of COVID-19 on pediatric restorative procedures and access to pediatric dental care in the surgical setting.

PMID:36879370

Pediatr Dent. 2023 Jan 15;45(1):24-35.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to oral health services experienced by children and evaluate variation across demographic and socioeconomic population groups.

METHODS: The data were collected from 1,745 parents/legal guardians who responded to a web-based survey regarding their children’s access to health services in 2019. Descriptive statistics and binary and multinomial logistic models were used to examine barriers to needed dental care and factors contributing to differential experiences with those barriers.

RESULTS: A quarter of children of responding parents experienced at least one barrier to oral health care, most commonly cost-related barriers. Child-guardian relationship type, having a pre-existing health condition, and dental insurance type increased the risk of encountering certain barriers two-to four-fold. Children with a diagnosed emotional, developmental, or behavioral condition (odds ratio [OR] equals 1.77, dental anxiety; OR equals 4.09, unavailability of needed services) and those with a Hispanic parent/guardian (OR equals 2.44, lack of insurance; OR equals 3.03, insurance not paying for needed services) were more likely to encounter various barriers than other children. The number of siblings, parent/guardian’s age, education level, and oral health literacy were also associated with different barriers. The likelihood of encountering multiple barriers was over three times higher for children with a pre-existing health condition (OR equals 3.56; 95 percent confidence interval equals 2.30 to 5.50).

CONCLUSIONS: This study highlighted the significance of cost-related barriers to oral health care and suggested disparities in access among children with disparate personal and family backgrounds.

PMID:36879369

Prostate. 2023 Mar 6. doi: 10.1002/pros.24510. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular conditions are the most prevalent comorbidity among patients with prostate cancer, regardless of treatment. Additionally, cardiovascular risk has been shown to increase following exposure to certain treatments for advanced prostate cancer. There is conflicting evidence on risk of overall and specific cardiovascular outcomes among men treated for metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We, therefore, sought to compare incidence of serious cardiovascular events among CRPC patients treated with abiraterone acetate plus predniso(lo)ne (AAP) and enzalutamide (ENZ), the two most widely used CRPC therapies.

METHODS: Using US administrative claims data, we selected CRPC patients newly exposed to either treatment after August 31, 2012, with prior androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We assessed incidence of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), ischemic stroke, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during the period 30-days after AAP or ENZ initiation to discontinuation, outcome occurrence, death, or disenrollment. We matched treatment groups on propensity-scores (PSs) to control for observed confounding to estimate the average treatment effect among the treated (AAP) using conditional Cox proportional hazards models. To account for residual bias, we calibrated our estimates against a distribution of effect estimates from 124 negative-control outcomes.

RESULTS: The HHF analysis included 2322 (45.1%) AAP initiators and 2827 (54.9%) ENZ initiators. In this analysis, the median follow-up times among AAP and ENZ initiators (after PS matching) were 144 and 122 days, respectively. The empirically calibrated hazard ratio (HR) estimate for HHF was 2.56 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32, 4.94). Corresponding HRs for AMI and ischemic stroke were 1.94 (95% CI: 0.90, 4.18) and 1.25 (95% CI: 0.54, 2.85), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study sought to quantify risk of HHF, AMI and ischemic stroke among CRPC patients initiating AAP relative to ENZ within a national administrative claims database. Increased risk for HHF among AAP compared to ENZ users was observed. The difference in myocardial infarction did not attain statistical significance after controlling for residual bias, and no differences were noted in ischemic stroke between the two treatments. These findings confirm labeled warnings and precautions for AAP for HHF and contribute to the comparative real-world evidence on AAP relative to ENZ.

PMID:36879362 | DOI:10.1002/pros.24510