Category: Nevin Manimala

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023 Feb 18;55(1):101-107.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To verify the consistency between the digital manufacturing simple intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device and the traditional intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device in determining the centric relation of complete dentures restoration.

METHODS: Ten outpatients with edentulous jaws were selec-ted, and the centric relation of the patients was determined by digital manufacturing of simple intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device (T1) and traditional intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device (T2); the difference of clinical operation time between the two methods was recorded; the upper and lower edentulous jaw plaster models were scanned with two kinds of centric relation, the Standard Triangle Language (STL) files imported into Geomagic studio software to apply the best fitting of multiple points of the both upper jaw models, the fitted STL files imported into the 3 shape viewer software, and the maximum position deviations of the vertical, labial (buccal) and lingual directions of the mandibular midline area and molar areas in T1 and T2 groups measured. During the clinical complete dentures try-in, we observed whether there was midline deviation in the mouth of T1 group and T2 group, and whether the occlusion of posterior teeth was stable or not.

RESULTS: The mean time spent on determining the centric relation of T1 and T2 groups was (41.90±2.64) min, (57.50±2.37) min respectively. Paired t test was conducted in the two groups, P < 0.01 with significant statistical difference; The mean maximum position deviation between T1 group and T2 group of the midline mandibular region in labial lingual direction was (0.32±0.14) mm, that was (0.40±0.23) mm in vertical direction; the mean maximum position deviation of molar area in buccal lingual direction was (0.35±0.23) mm and that was (0.33±0.20) mm in vertical direction. In the vertical and horizontal directions, the maximum position deviation of mandibles between group T1 and group T2 was controlled within 0.5 mm. In the process of clinical complete dentures try-in, there was no deviation from the center line of dentures. There was not warping, swinging and other poor stability phenomena in T1 and T2 groups.

CONCLUSION: The digital manufacturing of simple intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device can be used to determine the centric relation of complete dentures, which can not only save time of clinical operation, but also ensure the accuracy of the centric relation.

PMID:36718696

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023 Feb 18;55(1):94-100.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study microstructure, friction and wear behaviors of silicon-lithium spray coating on the surface of zirconia ceramics and to preliminarily evaluate its esthetic so as to provide support and guidance for the clinical application.

METHODS: Zirconia ceramic specimens were randomly divided into three groups: coating group (two subgroups), polishing group (two subgroups), and glazing group (four subgroups), with 10 samples in each subgroup. The two subgroups of coating group were the zirconia ceramics with the untreated and preliminary polishing surfaces sprayed with silicon-lithium coating, respectively. The two subgroups of polishing group were preliminary polishing and fine polishing of zirconia ceramics, respectively. The four subgroups of glazing group were preliminarily polished zirconia ceramics glazed with Biomic and Stain/Glaze products, respectively; and untreated zirconia ceramics glazed with Biomic and Stain/Glaze products, respectively. The above 8 subgroups of zirconia ceramic specimens were used as friction pairs with 80 steatite ceramics for 50 000 chewing cycles under 50 N vertical load and artificial saliva lubrication using chewing simulation. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure of the surface and section of the coating group, and the thickness of the coating and glazing were measured. The linear roughness of the coating and polishing groups was mea-sured using a laser confocal scanning microscope. Vickers hardness was measured using a microhardness tester and the esthetic of zirconia ceramic full crown sprayed with silicon-lithium coating was preliminarily evaluated. White light interferometer was used to measure the width, the maximum depth and the volume of the wear scars of each group, and the wear depth of steatite ceramics and wear rate of zirconia ceramic specimens were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test and Dunn’s multiple comparisons test were used to analyze the wear depth of each group (α=0.05).

RESULTS: The microstructures of the silica-lithium spray coatings on the untreated and preliminarily polished zirconia ceramic surfaces showed the protruding defects, and the line roughness of coating group was larger than that of the polishing group. The median thickness of the silica-lithium spray coating on the preliminarily polished zirconia ceramic was 13.0 μm (interquartile range, IQR: 11.6, 17.9), while that of the silica-lithium spray coating on the untreated zirconia ceramic was 4.4 μm (IQR: 4.1, 4.7). The Vickers hardness and wear rate of the coating group were between the polishing group and the glazing group. The wear depths of the wear scars of steatite ceramics were the glazing group, coating group, and polishing group in descending order, and there was statistically significant difference between glazing and polishing groups (P < 0.05). With the increase of polishing procedure, the wear depth of steatite ceramics decreased in each subgroups. The orders of maximum depth and volume of wear scars of zirconia ceramic were the glazing group, coating group, and polishing group in descending order, and there was statistically significant difference in the maximum depth of wear scars between glazing and polishing groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The silica-lithium spray coating on the zirconia ceramic, can be used as a new method for zirconia ceramic surface treatment, because it can increase the esthetic of zirconia ceramics compared with polishing and reduce the wear of steatite ceramics compared with glazing.

PMID:36718695

West Afr J Med. 2023 Jan 30;40(1):72-77.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity (PIA) is the fourth leading risk factor in an estimated global death of 3.2 million annually. To reverse this negative impact of PIA, there is a need to increase physical activity (PA). This could be achieved through creation of awareness, promotion, and good practice of PA by healthcare workers.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate physical activity among healthcare workers (HCW) in a major tertiary hospital, southeast Nigeria.

METHODS: The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was researcher-administered to investigate PA level among consenting HCW who met the inclusion criteria. Participants were recruited from their workstations in the hospital. The questionnaire recorded age, anthropometrics, demographics, and physical activity. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages. The spearman rank correlation test was used to assess for the relationship between PA and socio-demographic factors.

RESULTS: There were 209 participants with 93 (44.5%) males and 116 (55.5%) females. The mean age was 34.32±9.88 years. Amongst different professions, Nurses were 53(25.3%), Doctors, 31 (14.8%), and Dietitians, 21 (10%), Accountants, 19 (9.1%). The majority of the participants 100 (47.8%) had physical activity level that was high (extra sufficient), 31 (14.8%) had a moderate PA level while 78 (37.3%) had a low physical activity level. There was a significant negative relationship between PA and age, marital status, number of children, and other dependents respectively, whereas there was no significant relationship between PA and gender, income, and family type.

CONCLUSION: HCWs have the minimum required PA in a week. About 63% met the minimum required PA in a week. Age, marital status, and having children or dependents reduce participation in PA. However, there is a need for conscious awareness and practice of PA among HCW in the hospital.

PMID:36716489

Biol Bull. 2022 Dec;243(3):353-358. doi: 10.1086/721753. Epub 2022 Dec 2.

ABSTRACT

AbstractTo determine whether eyes of American lobsters (Homarus americanus) are more sensitive to light at night than during the day, electroretinograms were continuously recorded from 23 adult lobsters for at least 3 days (range: 3 to 9 days) in constant darkness. A green light-emitting diode, mounted 10 cm away from the eyes, was briefly flashed every 2 minutes to evoke the electroretinogram. The average increase in the response to a light flash, between the minimum during the subjective day and the maximum during the subjective night, was 105.6% ± 38.8%; and there was a statistically significant difference between day and night responses. This change in visual sensitivity took place while lobsters were held in constant darkness, suggesting that it was due to the influence of a circadian clock. The average period (tau) for the 10 animals that expressed significant circadian rhythms was 23.4 ± 0.8 hours. Previous studies have demonstrated that lobsters have circadian clocks that influence their locomotor activity; and the present data suggest that this is also true for their eyes, leading to an increase in their visual sensitivity at night, when they are typically most active.

PMID:36716484 | DOI:10.1086/721753

Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2023 Feb;35(1):31-38. doi: 10.12788/acp.0094.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are associated with high rates of comorbid depression. Finding effective treatments for many of the substances of abuse is still an area of developing research. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an established treatment for depression, but its effects in SUDs are less conclusive. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of rTMS in patients with SUDs and comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD).

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 55 patients with SUDs and comorbid MDD who were eligible for rTMS. Craving was measured using the Brief Substance Craving Scale (BSCS). Severity of MDD was measured using the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale.

RESULTS: We found a statistically significant difference between baseline and posttreatment scores in patients receiving rTMS on both CGI-S scores and BSCS scores. The number of rTMS sessions significantly predicted increased days of abstinence in the community, even after controlling for confounders.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SUDs and MDD who received rTMS significantly improved in the areas of severity of depression and craving. The number of rTMS sessions significantly predicted increased abstinence.

PMID:36716467 | DOI:10.12788/acp.0094

J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2023 Jan 23. doi: 10.1097/JXX.0000000000000795. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The American older adult population has the highest historical prevalence of chronic disease and underuses wellness visit benefits. Little is known about how Medicare wellness visits (MWVs) affect health outcomes.

PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective case-control study was to examine how MWVs affect health outcomes by measuring two kinds of data for case and control groups at baseline versus 15 months: (1) the differences in blood pressure, fasting lipids, and glucose levels and (2) the completion frequencies for seven screenings and vaccinations.

METHODOLOGY: Informed by Pender’s Health Promotion Model, this design used purposively matched samples from a large American Midwestern Medicare population active between January 2013 and January 2016, with a total sample size of 252, consisting of the case group (N = 120) and control group (N = 132). The case and control group samples were matched according to gender, age, marital status, Charlson index scores, smoking status, and pharmaceutical classes. The two groups, case (MWV recipients) and matched control (MWV nonrecipients), were compared at different time points using a doubly multivariate repeated-measures analysis procedure. Descriptive statistics were computed to compare completion frequencies between groups.

RESULTS: A doubly repeated multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and descriptive statistics revealed significant differences between the case and control group for three of the four health outcomes. The case group had increased completion frequencies in pneumococcal vaccination.

CONCLUSIONS: Additional research controlling for more variables is warranted to better understand MWV efficacy on health outcomes.

IMPLICATIONS: Primary care providers need to study how MWVs affect longitudinal health outcomes.

PMID:36716446 | DOI:10.1097/JXX.0000000000000795

Am J Gastroenterol. 2023 Jan 30. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002204. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Guidelines suggest one time screening with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for Barrett’s esophagus (BE) in individuals at increased risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We aimed to estimate the yield of repeat EGD performed at prolonged intervals following a normal index EGD.

DESIGN: We conducted a national retrospective analysis within the United States Veterans Health Administration, identifying patients with a normal index EGD between 2003 and 2009 who subsequently had a repeat EGD. We tabulated the proportion with a new diagnosis of BE, EAC or esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EGJAC), and conducted manual chart review of a sample. We fitted logistic regression models for the odds of a new diagnosis of BE/EAC/EGJAC.

RESULTS: We identified 71,216 individuals who had a repeat EGD between 1 and 16 years following an index EGD without billing or cancer registry codes for BE/EAC/EGJAC. Of those, 4,088 had a new billing or cancer registry code for BE/EAC/EGJAC following the repeat EGD. On manual review of a stratified sample, most did not truly have new BE/EAC/EGJAC. Longer duration between EGDs was associated with greater odds of a new diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for each 5 years = 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19, 1.44), particularly among those who were younger at the time of the index EGD (ages 19-29: aOR = 3.92; 95% CI = 1.24, 12.4; ages 60-69: aOR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.40).

CONCLUSION: The yield of repeat EGD for BE/EAC/EGJAC appears to increase with time following a normal index EGD, particularly for younger individuals. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

PMID:36716445 | DOI:10.14309/ajg.0000000000002204

Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2023 Jan 30. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0334. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The nitric oxide (NO) pathway contributes to the pathogeneses of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and asthma. NOS2 encodes inducible-NO synthase, which is an important enzyme of the pathway and its variations could affect the risk of asthma and MetS and thereby co-susceptibility to them. This study aimed to estimate the association of NOS2-c.1823C>T with risk of asthma, MetS, and asthma with MetS condition (ASMetS), and with asthma stages: intermittent, mild, moderate, and severe asthma. The study included asthmatics (n=555), MetS (n=334), and ASMetS cases (n=232) and 351 controls, which were genotyped by the PCR-RFLP method. The T allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma and MetS in the sample population and females. CT genotype and CT+TT model were significantly associated with increased risk of ASMetS in females. A significant association between CT genotype and increased risk of ASMetS in the sample population and females was found in ASMetS vs. MetS. T allele significantly affects the risk of severe asthma in the sample population and females. The rs2297518 SNP of NOS2 contributes to the risk of MetS, asthma, and co-susceptibility to them, and this contribution may be stronger in females compared to males.

PMID:36716438 | DOI:10.1139/cjpp-2022-0334

Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2023 Jan 30. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0498. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The feasibility of eliciting defecation and urination after intranasal (IN) or sublingual (SL) delivery of a small peptide NK2 receptor agonist, [Lys5,MeLeu9,Nle10]-NKA(4-10) (LMN-NKA), was examined using prototype formulations in dogs. In anesthetized animals, administration of 100 or 300 μg/kg IN or 2.0-6.7 mg/kg SL increased colorectal peak pressure and area under the curve (AUC). Peak bladder pressure was also increased at the same doses, and this was accompanied by highly efficient voiding at normal physiological bladder pressures. The onset of these effects was rapid (<2.5 min), and the primary contractions lasted ~25 min, returning to baseline in <60 min. Slight hypotension lasting a few minutes and causing <10% change from baseline was detected after higher doses and was statistically significant after only 100 μg/kg IN. In conscious dogs, there was a dose-related increase in voiding responses and reduction in the latency to urinate and defecate after 300 and 1,000 μg/kg IN; emesis was also observed at these doses. SL administration of 6.7 mg/kg induced urination within 10 min, but not defecation or emesis. These findings support the feasibility of developing a convenient dosage form of small peptide NK2 receptor agonists as on-demand defecation or urination therapies.

PMID:36716436 | DOI:10.1139/cjpp-2022-0498

Dermatol Surg. 2023 Jan 27. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000003705. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a locally aggressive and deeply infiltrative cutaneous tumor primarily treated with excision; however, there are limited data comparing outcomes by surgical approach.

OBJECTIVE: To compare surgical outcomes of MAC treated with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and wide local excision (WLE).

METHODS: A 27-year retrospective cohort study of primary MAC was performed. Surgical (i.e. margin status after resection) and recurrence outcomes (including local recurrence [LR], nodal metastases [NM], and distance metastases [DM]) were analyzed by type of surgical approach (MMS and WLE).

RESULTS: Sixty-nine MACs were included, of which 34 (49.3%) were treated with MMS and 35 (50.7%) with WLE. All MMS-treated tumors had negative margins after the first surgery attempt. Twenty-one (60.0%) tumors treated with WLE had positive margins after the first surgical attempt and required additional procedures. More tumors treated with WLE developed LR, NM, or DM, although this did not meet statistical significance.

LIMITATIONS: Retrospective single institution study.

CONCLUSION: Greater than half of MAC tumors treated with WLE had positive margins after the initial surgery and required multiple procedures for complete removal. Real-time complete margin assessment is important for this locally aggressive and infiltrative tumor.

PMID:36716422 | DOI:10.1097/DSS.0000000000003705