Category: Nevin Manimala

Mymensingh Med J. 2023 Apr;32(2):307-312.

ABSTRACT

Adequate knowledge about the causes of chronic kidney disease and their potential prevention can improve poor clinical outcome in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The study was designed to evaluate the serum albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in hospitalized patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh with the collaboration of the Department of Nephrology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, from January 2021 to December 2021. The subjects were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria by purposive and convenient sampling method. A total of 110 subjects were included in this study. Among them, 55 were diagnosed CKD patients denoted as Group I and 55 were normal healthy individuals denoted as Group II. In this study, serum albumin and CRP levels were measured. All values were expressed as Mean±SD. All statistical analysis was done by using SPSS (statistical package for social science) windows package version 21.0. Statistical significance of difference between Group I and Group II were evaluated by using student’s unpaired ‘t’-test and the significance was defined as p<0.05. Correlation was done by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. Mean age of Group I was 52.65±4.93 and Group II was 51.15±6.32 (p=0.165). The mean±SD of BMI was 24.46±1.84 for Group I and 24.50±1.05 for Group II (p=0.886). The mean±SD values of serum albumin were 3.62±0.26g/dl and 4.16±0.69g/dl in Group I and Group II respectively. We found highly significant (p<0.001) decrease in serum albumin. The mean±SD values of CRP were 24.00±16.73mg/L and <6.0±0.00mg/L in Group I and Group II respectively. So, we found significant (p<0.05) increase in CRP levels. There was negative correlation between serum albumin and CRP. Analyzing the findings of this study, significant decrease in serum albumin and significant increase in CRP levels were observed in CKD patients.

PMID:37002739

Mymensingh Med J. 2023 Apr;32(2):293-295.

ABSTRACT

Heart failure means that the heart is unable to pump blood around the body properly. It usually happens because the heart has become too weak or stuff. In collaboration with department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh this cross-sectional study from January to December 2018 was performed in the department of Biochemistry in Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of serum creatinine in patients with heart failure (HF) for management purpose. In this study 120 subjects were included, where 60 patients of diagnosed HF acts as case group and 60 individuals were normal healthy acts as control group. Serum creatinine was determined by colorimetric method from each sample. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS windows package, version 21. Among the study groups the mean serum creatinine levels were 2.20±0.87mg/dl and 0.92±0.26mg/dl in case and control group respectively. Analysis showed that the mean serum creatinine level was highly significantly (p<0.001) increased in HF patients in comparison to that of control group.

PMID:37002736

Mymensingh Med J. 2023 Apr;32(2):290-292.

ABSTRACT

Hypertension is a most common health problem worldwide and its incidence seems to be increasing on global scale. The objective of the study was to assess the relationship of serum Total Cholesterol with hypertensive patients in order to compare this parameter with normotensive subjects. This analytical type of cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2017 to June 2018. A total number of 120 male subjects, age ranged from 30-65 years was included in this study. Among them, sixty (60) hypertensive subjects were taken as study group (Group II) and sixty (60) age matched normotensive male subjects were taken as control group (Group I). Data were expressed as mean±SD and statistical significance of difference among the group was calculated by unpaired students’ ‘t’ test. In this study we found that serum total cholesterol was significant in study group (229.62±17.49mg/dl) in comparison with control group (166.32±18.04mg/dl). Therefore, by this study we recommended that routine estimation of these parameters is important for prevention of complication related to hypertension for leading a healthy life.

PMID:37002735

J Oral Rehabil. 2023 Apr 1. doi: 10.1111/joor.13455. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: New materials for overdenture base construction were evolved. Thus, more clinical trials are needed to validate these materials.

AIM: This study was aimed to compare the difference between CAD/CAM milled Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), Poly Ether Ether Keton (PEEK), and conventional mandibular implant assisted overdentures regarding patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQL).

METHODS: This randomized, crossover, clinical study included 18 completely edentulous subjects rehabilitated with three mandibular implant-assisted overdentures with three different denture base materials opposing a maxillary single denture. These materials were: CAD/CAM milled PMMA, CAD/CAM milled PEEK, and conventional PMMA. Every participant first received each mandibular overdenture in a random manner. After six months of each overdenture use, patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life were assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-EDENT-19) respectively, then cross-over to other groups was done. The same was repeated to the last group. Comparison of VAS and OHIP-EDENT-19 between groups were done using Kruskal Wallis test followed by Bonferroni test.

RESULT: Regarding all the VAS items, there were statistically significant higher scores for CAD/CAM Milled PMMA, and PEEK than conventional PMMA base except for speech, esthetic, smell. Regarding OHIP-EDENT-19, many items revealed statistically lower problems scores for CAD/CAM milled PMMA, and CAD/CAM milled PEEK than conventional PMMA base except psychological discomfort, psychological disability and social disability.

CONCLUSION: Within the limit of this study, CAD/CAM milled PMMA, and CAD/CAM milled PEEK were recommended as implant-assisted overdenture bases as it revealed higher patient satisfaction and better oral health-related quality of life in comparison to conventional PMMA implant- assisted overdenture.

PMID:37002714 | DOI:10.1111/joor.13455

Annu Rev Vis Sci. 2023 Mar 31. doi: 10.1146/annurev-vision-120522-031739. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are machine learning algorithms that have revolutionized computer vision due to their remarkable successes in tasks like object classification and segmentation. The success of DNNs as computer vision algorithms has led to the suggestion that DNNs may also be good models of human visual perception. In this article, we review evidence regarding current DNNs as adequate behavioral models of human core object recognition. To this end, we argue that it is important to distinguish between statistical tools and computational models and to understand model quality as a multidimensional concept in which clarity about modeling goals is key. Reviewing a large number of psychophysical and computational explorations of core object recognition performance in humans and DNNs, we argue that DNNs are highly valuable scientific tools but that, as of today, DNNs should only be regarded as promising-but not yet adequate-computational models of human core object recognition behavior. On the way, we dispel several myths surrounding DNNs in vision science. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 9 is September 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

PMID:37001509 | DOI:10.1146/annurev-vision-120522-031739

Cell. 2023 Mar 30;186(7):1493-1511.e40. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.018.

ABSTRACT

Understanding how genetic variants impact molecular phenotypes is a key goal of functional genomics, currently hindered by reliance on a single haploid reference genome. Here, we present the EN-TEx resource of 1,635 open-access datasets from four donors (∼30 tissues × ∼15 assays). The datasets are mapped to matched, diploid genomes with long-read phasing and structural variants, instantiating a catalog of >1 million allele-specific loci. These loci exhibit coordinated activity along haplotypes and are less conserved than corresponding, non-allele-specific ones. Surprisingly, a deep-learning transformer model can predict the allele-specific activity based only on local nucleotide-sequence context, highlighting the importance of transcription-factor-binding motifs particularly sensitive to variants. Furthermore, combining EN-TEx with existing genome annotations reveals strong associations between allele-specific and GWAS loci. It also enables models for transferring known eQTLs to difficult-to-profile tissues (e.g., from skin to heart). Overall, EN-TEx provides rich data and generalizable models for more accurate personal functional genomics.

PMID:37001506 | DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.018

Psychiatry Res. 2023 Mar 15;323:115170. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115170. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Some evidence puts health professionals at increased risk of suicide, especially females, whereas other research suggests a lower risk in high-skilled occupations. This study investigated the suicide risk of four health professions (physicians, dentists, veterinarians, pharmacists) and three other high-skilled occupations (notaries, lawyers, tax advisors/public accountants) in Austria compared to the general population, and analyzed suicide methods across occupations. Data was collected from professional associations and Austrian cause-of-death statistics to determine suicide cases. Gender-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), crude and age-adjusted suicide rates and frequencies for suicide methods were calculated for each profession (maximum time span 1986-2020). Among males, only veterinarians had a significantly elevated suicide risk compared to the general population. Physicians and tax advisors/public accountants had a significantly lower suicide risk. Among females, the veterinarians, physicians, and pharmacists had a significantly elevated suicide risk; for dentists, it was also elevated, though non-significantly. Age-adjusted suicide rates showed a smaller gap between men and women in all professions compared to the general population. Poisoning was the predominant suicide method among health professions, except dentists. These findings are consistent with some of the prior literature and call for specific suicide prevention efforts in health professions, focusing on women.

PMID:37001488 | DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115170

Pediatr Neurol. 2023 Feb 12;143:59-63. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.02.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We aimed to characterize the existing knowledge of cerebral palsy (CP) prevalence globally and identify any existing publication disparities that may impact our understanding of the global burden of CP. To identify existing publications on CP prevalence, PubMed and Web of Science were searched in May 2021 with the following strategy: “cerebral palsy”[title] AND (rate OR prevalence OR epidemiology). This search yielded 2720 results on PubMed and 2314 on Web of Science. Studies published in English, Spanish, or Japanese and which were available in full text were included. Studies that did not report a CP prevalence statistic were excluded. We identified 94 studies meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of 94 studies, 69 (73.4%) studies came from Europe, North America, and Australia with the remaining 25 (26.6%) from Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. No studies from Latin America were identified. CP prevalence estimates ranged from 0.8 to 4.4 per 1000 live births. Studies from Europe are cited more than studies from other regions, ranging from 7.61 citations/year since publication for European studies to 2.1 citations/year for Middle Eastern studies. Studies from Western countries are written almost exclusively by Western authors (99.69%-100%), while studies from Africa consist of a lower proportion of African authors (31.06%). Our results highlight geographical disparities in our knowledge of CP epidemiology. Existing literature from Latin America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East are relatively undercited by the field. To better grasp the true impact of CP globally, we must support institutions and researchers in underrepresented regions of the world.

PMID:37001463 | DOI:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.02.003

Lung Cancer. 2023 Mar 23;179:107182. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107182. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association between occupational asbestos exposure (OAE) and survival in patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer (LC).

METHODS: This monocentric study was conducted in the Comprehensive Cancer Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France. A systematic screening has been in place since 2014 for occupational exposure to carcinogens using a self-assessment questionnaire sent to all patients newly diagnosed with histologically confirmed LC identified through the multidisciplinary LC board from 2014 to 2019. When the physician suspected a work-related exposure from the questionnaire including job history, an occupational cancer consultation was carried out to detail carcinogen exposures and assess if the LC was work-related. Demographics, clinical characteristics and survival data were extracted from medical records. The association between asbestos exposure and overall survival (hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals) was estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression.

RESULTS: Overall, 702 patients were eligible to the present study, including 180 patients with OAE. In the crude analysis, LCs assessed as moderately or highly attributable to OAE were associated with decreased overall survival (HR = 1.32, 95 %CI 1.04-1.67) compared to LC without OAE or with a low degree of imputability to OAE (median follow-up 28.8 months). After adjustment for confounding (age at diagnosis, smoking status, stage, brain metastasis at diagnosis, and histology), the association of OAE with overall survival was no longer statistically significant (HR = 1.21, 95 %CI 0.94-1.56).

CONCLUSION: Overall survival in occupationally asbestos exposed LC patients may be decreased in comparison with non-exposed LC patients, warranting further investigations in larger studies.

PMID:37001440 | DOI:10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107182

Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2023 Feb 22;82:86-94. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.02.004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of a 12-month MHBC intervention in the prevention of onset depression in primary health care (PHC).

METHODS: Twenty-two PHC centres took part in the cluster-randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized to receive either usual care or an MHBC intervention. The endpoints were onset of major depression and reduction of depressive symptoms in participants without baseline depression at a 12-month follow-up.

RESULTS: 2531 patients agreed and were eligible to participate. At baseline, around 43% were smokers, 82% were non-adherent to the Mediterranean diet and 55% did not perform enough physical activity. The intervention group exhibited a greater positive change in two or more behaviours (OR 1.75 [95%CI: 1.17 to 2.62]; p = 0.006); any behaviour (OR 1.58 [95%CI: 1.13 to 2.20]; p = 0.007); and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR 1.94 [95%CI: 1.29 to 2.94]; p = 0.002), while this increase was not statistically significant for smoking and physical activity. The intervention was not effective in preventing major depression (OR 1.17; [95% CI 0.53 to 2.59)]; p = 0.690) or reducing depressive symptoms (Mean difference: 0.30; [95% CI -0.77 to 1.36]; p = 0.726) during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS: As compared to usual care, the MHBC intervention provided a non-significant reduction in the incidence of major depression.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03136211.

PMID:37001428 | DOI:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.02.004