Category: Nevin Manimala

Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2023 Jan;34(1):e13905. doi: 10.1111/pai.13905.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Perturbation of gut symbiosis has been linked to childhood allergic diseases. However, the underlying host-microbe interaction connected with specific phenotypes is poorly understood.

METHODS: To address this, integrative analyses of stool metagenomic and metabolomic profiles associated with IgE reactions in 56 children with mite-sensitized airway allergies (25 with rhinitis and 31 with asthma) and 28 nonallergic healthy controls were conducted.

RESULTS: We noted a decrease in the number and abundance of gut microbiome-encoded carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes, accompanied with a reduction in species richness, in the asthmatic gut microflora but not in that from allergic rhinitis. Such loss of CAZymes was consistent with the observation that a CAZyme-linked decrease in fecal butyrate was found in asthmatics and negatively correlated with mite-specific IgE responses. Different from the CAZymes, we demonstrated an increase in α diversity at the virulome levels in asthmatic gut microbiota and identified phenotype-specific variations of gut virulome. Moreover, use of fecal metagenomic and metabolomic signatures resulted in distinct effects on differentiating rhinitis and asthma from nonallergic healthy controls.

CONCLUSION: Overall, our integrative analyses reveal several signatures of systems-level gut microbiome in robust associations with fecal metabolites and disease phenotypes, which may be of etiological and diagnostic implications in childhood airway allergies.

PMID:36705037 | DOI:10.1111/pai.13905

Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2023 Jan;34(1):e13907. doi: 10.1111/pai.13907.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:36705035 | DOI:10.1111/pai.13907

J Health Soc Behav. 2023 Jan 27:221465221143089. doi: 10.1177/00221465221143089. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Parents with better-educated children are healthier and live longer, but whether there is a causal effect of children’s education on their parents’ health and longevity is unclear. First, we demonstrate an association between adults’ offspring education and parental mortality in the 1958 British birth cohort study, which remains substantial-about two additional years of life-even when comparing parents with similar socioeconomic status. Second, we use the 1972 educational reform in England and Wales, which increased the minimum school leaving age from 15 to 16 years, to identify the presence of a causal effect of children’s education on parental health and longevity using census-linked data from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study. Results reveal that children’s education has no causal effects on a wide range of parental mortality and health outcomes. We interpret these findings discussing the role of universal health care and education for socioeconomic inequality in Great Britain.

PMID:36705015 | DOI:10.1177/00221465221143089

J Perioper Pract. 2023 Jan 27:17504589221141799. doi: 10.1177/17504589221141799. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Gabapentinoids are often administered preoperatively, as they have been shown to reduce postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores however sedation has always been a concern because of sedative side effect.

OBJECTIVE: This study was intended to compare oral gabapentin versus oral pregabalin sedative effects and complications in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery under general anaesthesia.

METHODS: This study was a true experimental randomised, placebo-controlled, prospective study, conducted at Rafedia Government Surgical Hospital in Nablus, Palestine. The sample consisted of 60 male and female patients undergoing elective lumbar spine surgeries in the department of neurology and aged from 18 to 70 years. The patients were divided into three groups (20 patients each): The pregabalin 150mg group, the gabapentin group and the placebo group.

FINDINGS: Nearly 51.7% of the participants reported that they experienced a feeling of nausea or vomiting after the operation. There were statistically significant differences (p-value = 0.008) between the groups in how often complications happen after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS: Preemptive pregabalin (150mg) was established to have a more sedative effect and lowered complications than gabapentin (300mg).

PMID:36705003 | DOI:10.1177/17504589221141799

Aust Occup Ther J. 2023 Jan 27. doi: 10.1111/1440-1630.12859. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Students from a range of health disciplines need to learn from people with lived experience of mental distress and recovery to develop recovery capabilities for mental health practice.

AIMS: The aims of this study are to describe the co-design of a teaching resource, to explore the experience of people with lived experience during the resource development, and to evaluate the outcome of the resource on student recovery capabilities.

METHOD: Using a sequential mixed method, a project group consisting of six people with lived experience and 10 academics from five health disciplines was convened to co-develop teaching resources. People with lived experience met independently without researchers on several occasions to decide on the key topics and met with the research team monthly. The teaching resource was used in mental health subjects for two health professional programmes, and the Capabilities for Recovery-Oriented Practice Questionnaire (CROP-Q) was used before and after to measure any change in student recovery capabilities. Scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The people with lived experience were also interviewed about their experience of being involved in constructing the teaching resources. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analysed thematically.

RESULTS: The finished resource consisted of 28 short videos and suggested teaching plans. Occupational therapy and nursing student scores on the CROP-Q prior to using the educational resource (n = 33) were 68 (median) and post scores (n = 28) were 74 (median), indicating a statistically significant improvement in recovery capability (P = 0.04). Lived experience interview themes were (i) the importance of lived experience in education; (ii) personal benefits of participating; (iii) co-design experience; and (iv) creating the resource.

CONCLUSION: Co-design of teaching resources with people with lived experience was pivotal to the success and quality of the final product, and people with lived experience described personal benefits of participating in resource development. More evidence to demonstrate the use of the CROP-Q in teaching and practice is needed.

PMID:36704991 | DOI:10.1111/1440-1630.12859

Endokrynol Pol. 2023 Jan 27. doi: 10.5603/EP.a2022.0084. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have suggested that cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs) could be activated and differentiated into chondrocytes to produce matrix and to restore the integrity of damaged cartilage after injury. However, the mechanism involved in CPC activation upon damage is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) in both activation and migration of CPCs during cartilage injury.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Explants harvested from mature bovine stifle joints were used for impact injury. The proliferation and migration of CPCs were examined via confocal imaging. Gene and protein expression of Hmbg1, Cxcl12, and Cxcr4 was also examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), ELISA, and western blot. Each experiment was repeated 3 times. ANOVA and Student’s t-test were performed for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: HMGB1 released from dead and damaged chondrocytes after an impact injury could activate CPCs in the superficial zone of cartilage and promote their migration and proliferation to injury sites. However, the block of HMGB1 activation with its specific binding inhibitor glycyrrhizin inhibits the proliferation and migration of CPCs. Further investigations demonstrate that HMGB1 promotes CPCs migration through the pathway of C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4. Quantitative analysis of HMGB1 in cell culture medium also indicates that CPCs may have a self-activation property after the HMGB1 released from dead cells has been exhausted.

CONCLUSION: HMGB1 is a pivotal factor that could enhance the migration and proliferation of CPCs through the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway after cartilage injury, which could provide useful information for cartilage repair and osteoarthritis treatment.

PMID:36704981 | DOI:10.5603/EP.a2022.0084

Endokrynol Pol. 2023 Jan 27. doi: 10.5603/EP.a2023.0002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The effect of vitamin D status on steatosis has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we planned to investigate this interaction using a large-scale population-based cohort.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with simple steatosis (K76.0) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (K75.8) by using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) coding system, and who had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) measurements at the diagnosis, were included in the study. Control group comprised subjects without liver diseases. Age, gender, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and 25OHD levels, and the date of the measurements were recorded.

RESULTS: We compared ALT and 25OHD measurements between the patient and control groups, and between the simple steatosis and NASH subgroups. 25OHD levels were lower and ALT levels were higher in the patient group (p < 0.001, effect size = 0.028, and p < 0.001, effect size = 0.442, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that when 25OHD levels decrease by 1 ng/dL, it increases the risk of being in the patient group by 3.7%.

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that vitamin D status may be related to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although this relationship is weak, it may be important in the pathogenesis of steatosis.

PMID:36704977 | DOI:10.5603/EP.a2023.0002

Clin Chem Lab Med. 2023 Jan 27. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0008. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Clinical practice guidelines endorse the stratification of prostate cancer (PCa) risk according to individual total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) values and age to enhance the individual risk-benefit ratio. We defined two nomograms to predict the individual risk of high and low grade PCa by combining the assay of tPSA and %free/tPSA (%f/tPSA) in patients with a pre-biopsy tPSA between 2 and 10 μg/L.

METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 662 patients that had fPSA, tPSA, and a biopsy performed (41.3% with a final diagnosis of PCa). Logistic regression including age, tPSA and %f/tPSA was used to model the probability of having high or low grade cancer by defining 3 outcome levels: no PCa, low grade (International Society of Urological Pathology grade, ISUP<3) and high grade PCa (ISUP≥3).

RESULTS: The nomogram identifying patients with: (a) high vs. those with low grade PCa and without the disease showed a good discriminating capability (∼80%), but the calibration showed a risk of underestimation for predictive probabilities >30% (a considerable critical threshold of risk), (b) ISUP<3 vs. those without the disease showed a discriminating capability of 63% and overestimates predictive probabilities >50%. In ISUP 5 a possible loss of PSA immunoreactivity has been observed.

CONCLUSIONS: The estimated risk of high or low grade PCa by the nomograms may be of aid in the decision-making process, in particular in the case of critical comorbidities and when the digital rectal examinations are inconclusive. The improved characterization of the risk of ISUP≥3 might enhance the use for magnetic resonance imaging in this setting.

PMID:36704961 | DOI:10.1515/cclm-2023-0008

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Jan 27. doi: 10.1002/uog.26165. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins complicated by selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) Type II who underwent laser photocoagulation and to validate the subclassification previously proposed by Chmait et al. (Type IIA with normal Doppler assessment of the ductus venosus (DV) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) of the growth-restricted fetuses and Type IIB with DV absent or reversed flow during atrial contractions and/or MCA peak systolic velocity equal or greater than 1.5 Multiple of Median [MoM]) in a larger multicenter cohort.

METHODS: This retrospective multicenter study included all MCDA twins complicated by Type II sFGR who underwent laser photocoagulation of placental anastomoses at four large tertiary fetal care centers between 2006 and 2020. Cases were then subclassified into Type IIA or IIB based of Doppler evaluation of fetal DV and MCA-PSV as previously mentioned. Demographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were compared between groups. Data was presented as mean ± standard deviation or numbers and percentages as appropriate. P-value ˃0.05 is considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: A total of 98 patients with MCDA twins met our inclusion criteria, with 56 sub-classified as Type IIA and 42 as Type IIB. Demographic characteristics were similar between the groups; however, Type IIB cases tended to have an earlier gestational age at diagnosis and at laser surgery as well as larger intertwin estimated fetal weight discordance, which may be a reflection of disease severity. Postnatal survival of the growth-restricted fetus was significantly lower in Type IIB compared to Type IIA cases (23.8% vs 46.4%, P = 0.034) CONCLUSIONS: In MCDA twins complicated by sFGR Type II and treated with laser photocoagulation of placental anastomoses, preoperative Doppler assessment of the ductus venosus and middle cerebral artery help to identify subset of patients at increased risk of demise of the growth-restricted fetuses following intervention. Our study provides valuable information for guiding the surgical management options and patient counseling. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:36704956 | DOI:10.1002/uog.26165

J Periodontol. 2023 Jan 27. doi: 10.1002/JPER.22-0693. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Ozone is a molecule that plays an important role in dentistry, specially for wound healing. The aim of the present study was to clinically and immunologically evaluate the effect of ozonated oil on the healing of palatal wounds.

METHODS: This is a prospective, longitudinal, triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The groups were divided as follows: Test group (n = 14): after removal of the free gingival graft (FGG), the palatal wound was treated with ozonated sunflower oil with a peroxide index between 510 – 625 meq O₂ /kg; Control group (n = 14): after removal of the FGG, the palatal wound was treated with non-ozonated sunflower oil (placebo). The treatments were applied three times a day, for seven days.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the measurements of wound area (mm² ) between the test and control groups in the different periods evaluated (0, 3, 7, and 14 days; P>0.05). The intra-group analysis showed a significant decrease in wound size over the course of days (0, 3, 7, and 14 days; P<0.05). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; μg/mL) presented a significant reduction at 7 days (p<0.05) compared to day 3 in the test group (p<0.05). There was a statistical difference for malondialdehyde (MDA; μg/mL) in the test group between 3 and 7 days post-treatment (p<0.05) and between test and control groups on the 7th day (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The application of highly ozonated sunflower oil did not improve the remaining scar area of the palate, decreasing the VEGF and increasing the oxidative stress marker MDA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:36704931 | DOI:10.1002/JPER.22-0693