Category: Nevin Manimala

Dis Esophagus. 2022 Oct 11:doac073. doi: 10.1093/dote/doac073. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy is one of the most feared complications, which results in increased morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of a powered circular stapler on complications after esophagectomy with intrathoracic anastomosis for esophageal cancer. Between May 2019 and July 2021, all consecutive oesophagectomies for cancer with intrathoracic anastomosis in a high-volume center were included in this retrospective study. Surgeons were free to choose either a manual or a powered circular stapler. Preoperative characteristics and postoperative complications were recorded in a prospective database, according to EsoData. Propensity score matching (age, body mass index, Eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) performance and neoadjuvant therapy) was conducted to reduce potential confounding. We included 128 patients. Powered and manual circular staplers were used in 62 and 66 patients, respectively. Fewer anastomotic leakages were observed with the powered stapler group (OR = 7.3 (95%CI: 1.58-33.7); [3.2% (n = 2) vs 19.7% (n = 13), respectively; p = 0.004]). After propensity score matching, this remained statistically significant (OR = 8.5 (95%CI: 1.80-40.1); [4.1% (n = 2) vs 20.4% (n = 10), respectively; p = 0.013]). Additionally, anastomotic diameter was significantly higher with the powered stapler (median: 29 mm (63.3%) vs 25 mm (57.1%), respectively; p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in comprehensive complication index (p = 0.146). A decreased mean length of stay was observed in the powered stapler group (11.1 vs 18.7 days respectively; p = 0.022). Postoperative anastomotic leakage after esophageal resection was significantly reduced after the introduction of the powered circular stapler, consequently resulting in a reduced length of stay. Further evaluation on long-term strictures and quality of life are warranted to support these results.

PMID:36222069 | DOI:10.1093/dote/doac073

Hum Brain Mapp. 2022 Oct 12. doi: 10.1002/hbm.26100. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Whether brain matter volume is correlated with cognitive functioning and higher intelligence is controversial. We explored this relationship by analysis of data collected on 193 healthy young and older adults through the “Leipzig Study for Mind-Body-Emotion Interactions” (LEMON) study. Our analysis involved four cognitive measures: fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Brain subregion volumes were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. We normalized each subregion volume to the estimated total intracranial volume and conducted training simulations to compare the predictive power of normalized volumes of large regions of the brain (i.e., gray matter, cortical white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid), normalized subcortical volumes, and combined normalized volumes of large brain regions and normalized subcortical volumes. Statistical tests showed significant differences in the performance accuracy and feature importance of the subregion volumes in predicting cognitive skills for young and older adults. Random forest feature selection analysis showed that cortical white matter was the key feature in predicting fluid intelligence in both young and older adults. In young adults, crystallized intelligence was best predicted by caudate nucleus, thalamus, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens volumes, whereas putamen, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus volumes were selected for older adults. Cognitive flexibility was best predicted by the caudate, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus in young adults and caudate and amygdala in older adults. Finally, working memory was best predicted by the putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens in the younger group, whereas amygdala and hippocampus volumes were predictive in the older group. Thus, machine learning predictive models demonstrated an age-dependent association between subcortical volumes and cognitive measures. These approaches may be useful in predicting the likelihood of age-related cognitive decline and in testing of approaches for targeted improvement of cognitive functioning in older adults.

PMID:36222055 | DOI:10.1002/hbm.26100

Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2022 Sep;51(5):839-843. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.05.027.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and evaluate the testing capability of arsenic in drinking water in the laboratories of the provincial and municipal centers for disease control and prevention across the country by implementing the interlaboratory comparison project.

METHODS: The preparation method of the secondary standard materials were used as the reference for the sample preparation in the interlaboratory comparison project. The homogeneity and stability of the samples and short-term stability for simulated transportation were tested by single factor analysis of variance(ANOVA) and linear regression and mean consistency test(t test). On top of using the kernel density estimation to test the distribution of laboratory test result, we adopted precision statistical method to analyze the laboratory test result and used Z-score to evaluate the testing ability of each participating laboratory.

RESULTS: A total of 411 laboratories throughout the country participated in the proficiency testing program.389 laboratories(94.6%) of participating laboratories, obtained satisfactory result. Results provided by 2 laboratories(0.5%) of total participating laboratories, were found suspicious in their capacities. Finally, there were 20 laboratories(4.9%) of total participating laboratories, with result found to be outliers.

CONCLUSION: The testing capability of arsenic in drinking water has been ranked as satisfactory in the laboratories of the provincial and municipal centers for disease control and prevention across the country, and the testing capability of a small number of laboratories requires further improvement.

PMID:36222050 | DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.05.027

Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2022 Sep;51(5):834-838. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.05.026.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and evaluate the testing capability of cadmium in drinking water in the laboratories of the provincial and municipal centers for disease control and prevention across the country by implementing the interlaboratory comparison project.

METHODS: The preparation method of the secondary standard materials were used as the reference for the sample preparation in the interlaboratory comparison project. The homogeneity and stability of the samples and short-term stability for simulated transportation were tested by single factor analysis of variance(ANOVA) and linear regression and mean consistency test(t test). On top of using the kernel density estimation to test the distribution of laboratory test result, we adopted precision statistical method to analyze the laboratory test result and used Z-score to evaluate the testing ability of each participating laboratory.

RESULTS: A total of 409 laboratories throughout the country participated in the proficiency testing program.383 laboratories(93.6%) of participating laboratories, obtained satisfactory result. Results provided by 4 laboratories(1.0%) of total participating laboratories, were found suspicious in their capacities. Finally, there were 22 laboratories(5.4%) of total participating laboratories, with result found to be outliers.

CONCLUSION: The statistical result of the interlaboratory comparison project show that the testing capability of cadmium in drinking water has been ranked as satisfactory in the laboratories of the provincial and municipal centers for disease control and prevention across the country, and the testing capability of a small number of laboratories requires further improvement.

PMID:36222049 | DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.05.026

Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2022 Sep;51(5):829-833. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.05.025.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and evaluate the testing capability of lead in drinking water in the laboratories of the provincial and municipal centers for disease control and prevention across the country by implementing the interlaboratory comparison project.

METHODS: The preparation method of the secondary standard materials were used as the reference for the sample preparation in the interlaboratory comparison project. The homogeneity and stability of the samples and short-term stability for simulated transportation were tested by single factor analysis of variance(ANOVA) and mean consistency test(t test). On top of using the kernel density estimation to test the distribution of laboratory test result, we adopted a robust statistical method to analyze the laboratory test result and used Z-score to evaluate the testing ability of each participating laboratory.

RESULTS: A total of 448 laboratories throughout the country participated in the proficiency testing program.341 laboratories(76.1%) of participating laboratories, obtained satisfactory result. Results provided by 28 laboratories(6.3%) of total participating laboratories, were found suspicious in their capacities. Finally, there were 79 laboratories(17.6%) of total participating laboratories, with result found to be outliers.

CONCLUSION: The statistical result of the interlaboratory comparison project show that the testing capability of lead in drinking water has been ranked as satisfactory in the laboratories of the provincial and municipal centers for disease control and prevention across the country, and the testing capability of a small number of laboratories requires further improvement.

PMID:36222048 | DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.05.025

Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2022 Sep;51(5):791-807. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.05.019.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the renal injury induced by cadmium chloride(CdCl_2) and the protective effect of vitamin C(VC) in mice.

METHODS: Forty healthy clean grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group(double distilled water gavage and intraperitoneal injection), VC group(200 mg/kg VC gavage and double distilled water intraperitoneal injection), CdCl_2 group(double distilled water gavage and 2 mg/kg CdCl_2 intraperitoneal injection), VC+CdCl_(2 )group(200 mg/kg VC gavage and 2 mg/kg CdCl_2 intraperitoneal injection). Exposure for 30 days.24 hours after the last exposure, the eyeballs were taken out for blood, and the renal tissue was immediately taken out to calculate kidney coefficient and then separate renal cells. The levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) were detected by DCFH-DA kit and flow cytometry. Blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(Scr)and β2 microglobulin(β2-MG), cystatin C(Cys C), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), malondialdehyde(MDA), Caspase3 and Caspase9 kits were used to detect the corresponding indicators respectively. The contents of Cd~(2+) and Zn~(2+) in serum and kidney were detected by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.

RESULTS: The levels of kidney coefficient and BUN, Scr, β2-MG were 1.36±0.10, (19.34±0.63)mmol/L, (61.30±2.04)mmol/L and(1.02±0.10)g/mL respectively in CdCl_(2 )group, which were higher than those in the control group and VC group(P&lt;0.05). The levels of the above four indexes in VC+CdCl_(2 )group were 1.09±0.10, (9.65±0.50)mmol/L, (41.85±1.27)mmol/L and(0.61±0.01)g/mL respectively, which were lower than those in CdCl_2 group(P&lt;0.05). CdCl_2 exposure resulted in unclear glomerular contour, swelling of renal tubules, interstitial hyperemia, and exfoliated epithelial cells in the lumen. VC pretreatment could improve the above changes. The levels of Cd~(2+) in serum and renal tissue of mice in CdCl_2 group were(4.36±0.07)μg/L, (18.6±1.95)μg/g respectively, which were higher than that of control group and VC group(P&lt;0.05), in VC+CdCl_2 group, the level were(2.12±0.06)μg/L and(2.18±0.09)μg/g, they were lower than that of CdCl_2 group(P&lt;0.05). The level of serum Zn~(2+ )in CdCl_2 group was(11.35±1.03)μg/L, that was lower than control group(P&lt;0.05). The level of serum Zn~(2+) in VC+CdCl_2 group was(26.98±3.13)μg/L, which was higher than that of CdCl_2 group(P&lt;0.05). The levels of ROS, MDA, Caspase3 and Caspase9 in kidney tissue of mice in CdCl_2 group were(1.86±0.13), (4.78±0.15)nmol/mg, 1.50±0.24 and 1.69±0.17 respectively, which were higher than those in control group(P&lt;0.05). And the level of GSH-Px was(261.3±23.36)U/mg, it was lower than that in control group(P&lt;0.05). Compared with the CdCl_2 group, the levels of ROS, MDA, Caspase3 and Caspase9 in VC+CdCl_2 group decreased, and the level of GSH-Px increased, the difference was statistically significant(P&lt;0.05).

CONCLUSION: CdCl_2 exposure can lead to oxidative stress, damage of glomerulus and renal tubules, imbalance of zinc ion homeostasis, and damage of renal function. VC pretreatment can reduce the damage caused by CdCl_2 to a certain extent.

PMID:36222042 | DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.05.019

Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2022 Sep;51(5):753-760. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.05.013.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between fat distribution and non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFLD) in overweight/obese adults.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 736(190 men and 546 women) 19-56 years old overweight/obese people in Beijing were selected by convenient sampling. Their age and body mass index(BMI) distribution were 36(31-46) years old and 28.0(26.2-30.7), respectively. The body fat mass and regional fat mass were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA), and Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between regional fat mass and the risk of NAFLD.

RESULTS: The prevalence of NAFLD was 70.0%(515/736) in overweight/obese population. In the multivariate Logistic model, after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, hypertension and body fat mass, waist circumference(WC), thigh fat mass and android fat mass were significantly association with NAFLD risk(P&lt;0.05), but no association was found between arms, trunk and gynoid fat mass and NAFLD risk. There were interactions between thigh fat mass and age(P_(interaction)&lt;0.001) and BMI group(P_(interaction)=0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that thigh fat mass and NAFLD risk were significantly associated in ≤36-year-old(OR=0.62, 95%CI 0.48-0.81), male(OR=0.32, 95%CI 0.16-0.64) and overweight(OR=0.48, 95%CI 0.36-0.64) groups, but in the &gt;36-year-old, female and the obesity group this association was not statistically significant. There was an interaction between trunk fat mass and age group(P_(interaction)=0.009). There was a positive correlation between trunk fat mass and NAFLD risk in &gt;36-year-old group(OR=1.63, 95%CI 1.35-1.97), but no association was found in ≤36-year-old group. In addition, we also found that a significant interaction between gynoid fat mass and BMI group on NAFLD(P_(interaction)&lt;0.001). In overweight, gynoid fat mass was negatively correlated with the risk of NAFLD(OR=0.12, 95% CI 0.06-0.25), but in the obesity group, the association was not statistically significant. There were no statistically significant interactions between WC, arms fat mass and android mass and age, sex and BMI groups.

CONCLUSION: WC, android fat mass and thigh fat mass are associated with the risk of NAFLD. Thigh fat mass has a significant interaction with age and BMI group on the risk of NAFLD(only in ≤36-year-old group, male and overweight group a significant protective effect of thigh fat on NAFLD was found, but not in &gt;36-year-old group, female and obesity group). Trunk fat mass had an interaction with age(the association between trunk fat mass and NAFLD was significant in &gt;36-year-old group). Gynoid fat mass and BMI group also have a significant interaction on NAFLD(the detrimental effect of gynoid fat on NAFLD is much more profound in the obesity group).

PMID:36222034 | DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.05.013

Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2022 Sep;51(5):707-719. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.05.006.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe beverages intake and its association with myopia among 11-14-year-old children in China.

METHODS: Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used and children aged 11 to 14 years were selected from 28 cities and rural areas in 14 provinces in China, and a total of 12 397 children were included in this study. Information including demographic characteristics, myopia status, dietary intake, physical activity, screen time, sleep duration were collected from questionnaire survey.

RESULTS: During 2019-2021, the prevalence of myopia among children aged 11 to 14 in China was 45.0%. The median beverages intake was 42.7 g/d. Children who did not drink beverages and whose beverages intake was &lt;150 g/d and ≥150 g/d accounted for 42.8%, 44.8% and 48.4%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls&apos; beverages intake ≥150 g/d was still a risk factor for the prevalence of myopia after controlling for confounding factors such as age, area, physical activity, screen time, sleep duration and intake of sugary food(OR=1.24, 95%CI 1.08-1.42, P&lt;0.05). Among children with myopia, mild myopia, moderate and above myopia accounted for 71.6% and 28.4% among boys and 73.8% and 26.3% among girls, respectively. There was no statistically significant regression between beverages intake and myopia in boys and girls regardless of whether confounding factors were adjusted(P &gt;0.05).

CONCLUSION: Children&apos;s beverages intake was generally common in China in 2019-2021. Children who consumed higher beverages were more likely to have myopia than that did not consume beverages.

PMID:36222030 | DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.05.006

Infect Dis (Lond). 2022 Oct 12:1-10. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2131902. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The real predictive prognostic capacity of cellular indices (or ratios) is unclear in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aimed to assess the prognostic role of previously well-known laboratory indices and new ones in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

METHODS: A retrospective observational study from March to May 2022 evaluated laboratory indices on admission (neutrophil to lymphocyte-, derived neutrophil to lymphocyte-, platelet to lymphocyte-, CRP to lymphocyte-, CRP to albumin-, fibrinogen to lymphocyte-, d-dimer to lymphocyte-, ferritin to lymphocyte-, LDH to lymphocyte-, and IL-6 to lymphocyte ratios), in patients hospitalized due to SARS-CoV2 infection to determine the association with mortality, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), orotracheal intubation (OTI), or combined event at 30 days follow-up.

RESULTS: A total of 1113 COVID-19 patients were evaluated with a mean age of 64.1 ± 15.9 years (58.49% male), 166 (14.91%) patients died, 58 (5.21%) required ICU admission, 73 (6.56%) needed NIMV, 46 (4.23%) needed OTI, and 247 (22.19%) presented the combined event. All the ratios evaluated in this study showed statistical significance in the univariate analysis for mortality and combined event; however, only d-dimer to lymphocyte ratio >0.6 presented an independent association in the multivariate analysis for 30-day mortality (adjusted OR 2.32; p = .047) and 30-day combined event (adjusted OR 2.62; p = .014).

CONCLUSIONS: Laboratory indices might be a potential biomarker for better prognosis stratification in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. d-Dimer to lymphocyte ratio presents an independent association for 30-day mortality and 30-day adverse outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

PMID:36221980 | DOI:10.1080/23744235.2022.2131902

Nutr Health. 2022 Oct 12:2601060221127115. doi: 10.1177/02601060221127115. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to identify changes in population habits induced by COVID-19 confinement in Argentina.

METHODS: An internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults in Argentina on December 2020, requesting possible changes occurring during the COVID-19 outbreak. It included 26 questions regarding general information (age, gender, location), eating habits, desire/anxiety for food or to eat between meals, weight gain, physical activity, and hours of sleep. We ran a descriptive statistical analysis of changes in habits and lifestyle during the confinement, followed by a logistic regression analysis to explore the relation between these changes and weight gain. Results: Out of 1536 survey participants, 57.1% were female, aged 38.8 ± 13.1 years. Data showed that during the outbreak, people experienced significant changes in food intake, physical activity, nutritional supplement consumption, anxiety, and sleeping disorders. These changes in behavior resulted in an elevated percentage of people (39.7%) that gained weight (average 4.8 ± 2.8 kg). Weight gain was associated with more food consumption (OR: 9.398), increased snacking between meals (OR: 1.536), anxiety about food (OR: 3.180), less practice of physical activity (OR: 0.586) and less consumption of nutritional supplements (OR: 0.762). Conclusions: COVID-19 outbreak was associated with unhealthy lifestyle changes and body weight increase. These adverse side effects could be prevented by active promotion of nutritional advice and physical activity, implementing virtual activities associated with regular mass promotion campaigns.

PMID:36221976 | DOI:10.1177/02601060221127115