Category: Nevin Manimala

Eur Spine J. 2025 Aug 9. doi: 10.1007/s00586-025-09147-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Brain tumor occurs due to the abnormal development of cells in the brain. It has adversely affected human health, and early diagnosis is required to improve the survival rate of the patient. Hence, various brain tumor detection models have been developed to detect brain tumors. However, the existing methods often suffer from limited accuracy and inefficient learning architecture. The traditional approaches cannot effectively detect the small and subtle changes in the brain cells. To overcome these limitations, a SpinalNet-Quantum Dilated Convolutional Neural Network (Spinal-QDCNN) model is proposed for detecting brain tumors using MRI images. The Spinal-QDCNN method is developed by the combination of QDCNN and SpinalNet for brain tumor detection using MRI. At first, the input brain image is pre-processed using RoI extraction. Then, image enhancement is done by using the thresholding transformation, which is followed by segmentation using Projective Adversarial Networks (PAN). Then, different processes, like random erasing, flipping, and resizing, are applied in the image augmentation phase. This is followed by feature extraction, where statistical features such as average contrast, kurtosis and skewness, and mean, Gabor wavelet features, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with Gradient Binary Pattern (GBP) are extracted, and finally detection is done using Spinal-QDCNN. Moreover, the proposed method attained a maximum accuracy of 86.356%, sensitivity of 87.37%, and specificity of 88.357%.

PMID:40782198 | DOI:10.1007/s00586-025-09147-7

Vet Parasitol. 2025 Aug 6;339:110571. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110571. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Dermanyssus gallinae is a haematophagous mite species of major concern in the egg industry across the world and there has been a recent surge in studies to find new control methods for this parasite. To provide mites for these experiments, D. gallinae is often raised on hens with the attendant welfare and ethical issues that this entails. Alternatively, mites are collected from infested farm buildings which can lead to variability in mite provenance and quality as well as biosecurity issues. To attempt to overcome these issues in mite supply, we describe a method for maintenance of an in vitro colony of D. gallinae. Mites were maintained, in vitro, for up to 12 weeks and were fed several times per week with goose blood as a food source. The expansion of the colony was monitored weekly and the biomass of mites increased linearly during the initial 8 weeks of culture. To determine the ability of such in vitro-raised mites to feed and thrive if they were exposed to a hen host, mites that had been maintained in this way were used in an “on-hen mite feeding assay” to establish any differences in mite feeding rates, fecundity and mortality between in vitro-raised mites and mites freshly collected from a poultry farm. Feeding rate comparisons were significantly-different between experimental repetitions (p < 0.001), demonstrating the repeatability issues associated with different batches of farm-caught mites. Significantly higher feeding rates on hens were observed for one comparison of farm-caught, compared to in vitro-raised, deutonymphs (p = 0.012) and for adult females (p = 0.002); but no significant difference between the mite sources was demonstrated in feeding rates for protonymphs (p = 0.608) or adult females (p = 0.715) in another experiment. Following on-hen feeding, there were no statistically significant differences between experiments, or between in vitro-raised or farm-caught fed mites, for mite mortality in any life stage or for egg laying.

PMID:40779827 | DOI:10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110571

J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2025 Aug 8:1-9. doi: 10.3171/2025.5.PEDS24548. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a severe neural tube defect frequently associated with vertebral anomalies, including scoliosis and kyphosis, which can significantly impact mobility and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and clinical correlations of scoliosis and other vertebral anomalies in children with MMC.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the hospital records of 422 pediatric MMC patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2020 at two tertiary care centers was conducted. Patients were evaluated for scoliosis, kyphosis, hemivertebra, butterfly vertebra, block vertebra, and diastematomyelia using radiographic and MRI findings. The severity of scoliosis was assessed using Cobb angles, and statistical analyses were performed to determine associations between vertebral anomalies.

RESULTS: Scoliosis was identified in 55.9% of patients (mean Cobb angle 35.65°), while kyphosis was present in 41.2%. The presence of hemivertebra and butterfly vertebra was strongly associated with scoliosis progression. Additionally, patients with split cord malformations exhibited a higher incidence of scoliosis and kyphosis. Age was found to be a key factor in scoliosis severity, with curve progression observed over time.

CONCLUSIONS: Scoliosis and other vertebral anomalies are highly prevalent in MMC patients, necessitating early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management. These findings underscore the importance of long-term monitoring and individualized treatment approaches to optimize spinal health and functional outcomes.

PMID:40779802 | DOI:10.3171/2025.5.PEDS24548

J Neurosurg Spine. 2025 Aug 8:1-10. doi: 10.3171/2025.5.SPINE25303. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) affects 5%-61% of patients following thoracolumbar fusion. Many patients are asymptomatic, but a plurality require surgical revision at a cost of $75,000 per case. This analysis sought to analyze the degree to which bone quality and paraspinal muscle sarcopenia influence PJK failure mode.

METHODS: Patients undergoing thoracolumbar instrumented fusion with an upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) at the thoracolumbar junction (T10-L2) were identified and data were gathered on surgery, bone quality, pre- and postoperative sagittal alignment, and paraspinal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). PJK was defined as a ≥ 10° increase in proximal junctional angle from the first postoperative radiograph. PJK was classified as discoligamentous failure (type 1), bone failure (type 2), or screw-bone interface failure (type 3) according to the Yagi-Boachie system. Bone quality was assessed by Hounsfield units (HUs) and the vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score at the UIV.

RESULTS: One hundred fifty patients were identified (median age 67 years, 53.3% female), 46 of whom experienced PJK (22 type 1, 13 type 2, 11 type 3). The median time to onset was most rapid for type 2 events (2.6 months). There were no differences between patients experiencing PJK versus controls regarding bone quality (HUs or VBQ score) or paraspinal muscle CSA on univariate comparison. However, subdivision by PJK type showed patients experiencing bone failure (type 2) PJK had significantly lower HUs at the UIV and UIV+1 relative to those experiencing type 1 PJK or no PJK (all p < 0.05). The VBQ score trended toward being significant, with a higher VBQ score (worse bone quality) in those suffering type 2 PJK, but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07). Patients experiencing discoligamentous failure PJK (type 1) had small multifidus CSA (390 mm2) relative to patients experiencing type 2 (516 mm2) or type 3 (440 mm2) PJK and patients who did not experience PJK (481 mm2), although the difference did not reach statistical significance. On time-to-event analysis, low HUs of the UIV/UIV+1 predicted type 2 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.93; p = 0.002) and type 2/3 PJK (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78-0.96; p = 0.006) but not type 1 PJK. Low UIV multifidus CSA trended toward being a significant predictor of type 1 PJK (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.69-1.05; p < 0.10).

CONCLUSIONS: The combination of underlying bone quality and paraspinal musculature CSA at the UIV appeared to influence failure mode among patients who underwent lumbosacral instrumented fusion terminating at the thoracolumbar junction.

PMID:40779797 | DOI:10.3171/2025.5.SPINE25303

Chaos. 2025 Aug 1;35(8):083117. doi: 10.1063/5.0285064.

ABSTRACT

Simulating bipartite games, such as the trust game, is not straightforward due to the lack of a natural way to distinguish roles in a single population. The square lattice topology can provide a simple yet elegant solution by alternating trustors and trustees. For even lattice sizes, it creates two disjoint diagonal sub-lattices for strategy learning, while game interactions can take place on the original lattice. This setup ensures a minimal spatial structure that allows interactions across roles and learning within roles. By simulations on this setup, we detect an inter-role spatial reciprocity mechanism, through which trust can emerge. In particular, a moderate return ratio allows investing trustors and trustworthy trustees to form inter-role clusters and thus save trust. If the return is too high, it harms the survival of trustees; if too low, it harms trustors. The proposed simulation framework is also applicable to any bipartite game to uncover potential inter-role spatial mechanisms across various scenarios.

PMID:40779782 | DOI:10.1063/5.0285064

Chaos. 2025 Aug 1;35(8):083119. doi: 10.1063/5.0260624.

ABSTRACT

Efficient methods for solving the Fokker-Planck (FP) equation are crucial for studying stochastic systems. This paper proposes a transfer learning method to solve the FP equation, enabling the training process to proceed without starting from the beginning. The equivalent linearization is first applied to unify a class of stochastic differential equations into a single simplified form. Subsequently, a pre-trained neural network framework, inspired by transfer learning, is designed based on the FP equation of the simple system. By leveraging the pre-trained neural network, the solving process is accelerated by starting from a more advanced state. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to verify the proposed approach, including one- and two-dimensional stochastic systems as well as a system driven by both Gaussian and Lévy noise. Results show that the contours of the FP equations can be learned by the network very expeditiously, greatly reducing training time while maintaining accuracy. The proposed method not only improves computational efficiency but also demonstrates strong generalization capabilities.

PMID:40779781 | DOI:10.1063/5.0260624

JMIR Cancer. 2025 Aug 8;11:e75728. doi: 10.2196/75728.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Eastern Asia has historically had the highest global incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer (GC) while substantial disparities exist between countries. The overall burden of GC remains insufficiently explored.

OBJECTIVE: Using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, this research aims to estimate the burden and risk factors of GC in Eastern Asia from 1990 to 2021.

METHODS: Incidence, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), deaths, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years, age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate (ASDR), and risk factor burdens for GC were analyzed in Eastern Asia from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint analysis determined average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change, while age-period-cohort analysis assessed temporal trends. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model projected GC burden from 2021 to 2035. All analyses used R software (version 4.4.1; R Foundation for Statistical Computing).

RESULTS: In 2021, Eastern Asia reported 748,235 new GC cases and 527,054 deaths, accounting for 60.8% (748,235/1,230,232) of new cases and 55.2% (527,054/954,373) of deaths reported globally. From 1990 to 2021, South Korea showed the largest declines in ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR, with ASMR decreasing from 55.4 per 100,000 to 13.3 per 100,000 (AAPC -4.5, 95% CI -4.8 to -4.3). ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR also showed a downward trend in Japan and China, with an AAPC of -3.0 (95% CI -3.2 to -2.8) for ASMR in Japan and -2.4 (95% CI -2.6 to -2.3) in China. The GC burden of North Korea was basically stable, with an AAPC of ASMR of -0.8 (95% CI -0.8 to -0.8). Mongolia showed a slight decline, with an AAPC of ASMR of -1.4 (95% CI -1.7 to -1.0), and the burden of GC was the highest. High-sodium diets and smoking were the main risk factors for disability-adjusted life years of GC in 2021. Smoking contributed to a decline in ASDR as the sociodemographic index increased. Projections suggest continued ASDR reductions across Eastern Asia from 2022 to 2035, though Mongolia will maintain the highest burden.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite a decrease from 1990 to 2021, GC remains a significant public health issue in Eastern Asia. Addressing it necessitates prioritizing primary and secondary prevention, including reducing risk factors and enhancing early screening.

PMID:40779780 | DOI:10.2196/75728

J Med Internet Res. 2025 Aug 8;27:e73610. doi: 10.2196/73610.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Open-door policies in psychiatric wards are increasingly recommended as a means to reduce coercion and enhance patient autonomy. However, evidence that integrates patient perspectives on ward openness and related safety measures remains limited. Traditional qualitative approaches often lack the breadth to fully capture the complexity of these views. We hypothesized that patients would prefer open-door treatment and hold a critical view of locked-ward environments, emphasizing autonomy and dignity in care.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to systematically explore psychiatric patients’ perspectives on open-door versus locked-ward treatment, identifying key themes and quantifying preferences within a large clinical sample.

METHODS: A hybrid questionnaire survey was conducted in September 2023 at the University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK) Basel. The survey examined psychiatric service usage and integrated key factors from a meta-review, including ward relationships, environment, autonomy, legal status, coercion, care entitlement, and expectations at admission and discharge. The final sample comprised 604 patients (response rate 19.1%) drawn from an initial pool of 3212 former inpatients. A text mining approach using latent Dirichlet allocation, a Bayesian topic modeling technique, was applied to analyze open-ended responses and identify latent thematic structures.

RESULTS: The majority of respondents (347/544, 63.8%) rated open-door treatment as “very important” (10 out of 10 on a Likert scale). In contrast, only 21.0% (127/552) of participants were willing to accept voluntary treatment in locked wards, with 70.4% (425/552) explicitly rejecting this option. Logistic regression indicated that younger patients were significantly more likely to accept locked ward treatment (β=-.18, P=.04), while patients diagnosed with mood disorders (ICD-10 [International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision] F3) showed a trend toward lower acceptance (β=-.42, P=.08). Gender and other diagnoses were not significant predictors. Latent Dirichlet allocation identified 5 key topics within patient narratives, which hierarchical clustering grouped into 2 overarching themes: Restriction and Institutionalization, characterized by terms indicating confinement, loss of control, and social isolation; and Autonomy and Self-Determination, which emphasizes patients’ desire for freedom, control over daily life, and access to nature and outdoor spaces.

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides robust evidence that psychiatric patients overwhelmingly prioritize open-door policies, linking them to enhanced autonomy, trust, and therapeutic engagement. The thematic analysis highlights the psychological and social costs of locked wards and the critical need for flexible, patient-centered care models. Younger age and diagnostic category influence willingness to accept locked settings, suggesting the need for tailored approaches. Institutions aiming to implement open-door policies should consider these preferences alongside adequate staffing, therapeutic programming, and environmental modifications to foster autonomy while maintaining safety. Integrating patient perspectives in policy design may enhance treatment satisfaction and clinical outcomes.

PMID:40779779 | DOI:10.2196/73610

J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2025 Aug 5;9(8). doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00054. eCollection 2025 Aug 1.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Disparities in the management of hip osteoarthritis (OA) exist across sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, but their combined effect on total hip arthroplasty (THA) utilization remains unclear. This study evaluates differences in presentation, nonsurgical treatments, and THA rates across two academic centers.

METHODS: Patients with primary hip OA seen in 2002 at two tertiary academic centers were included. Demographics, Kellgren-Lawrence grade, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and nonsurgical treatments were collected. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the social deprivation index, stratified into quartiles (Q4 = most deprived). Chi square, analysis of variance, and t-tests compared demographics and utilization rates. A multivariable model analyzed factors influencing THA likelihood.

RESULTS: Among 456 patients, 328 were recommended for THA for primary hip OA, 63% were female, 6% were Asian, 6% Black, 23% other, 3% unknown, 54% White, and 8% Hispanic. Female patients were older (70.3 ± 8.6 vs. 68.1 ± 9.7 years, P = 0.03). Hispanic patients were younger (62.2 ± 12.1 vs. 70.1 ± 8.7 years, P = 0.0020) with lower CCI (2.20 ± 1.52 vs. 2.93 ± 1.49 vs. 3.28 ± 1.69 P = 0.027). Social deprivation index Q4 patients had greater physical therapy utilization (Q4 79% vs. Q1 62%, P = 0.006). Overall, 79% of patients who were offered THA underwent surgery, with multivariate analysis revealing lower likelihood among females, Black, Asian, and Hispanic patients with higher CCI (P < 0.001), whereas socioeconomically disadvantaged patients were more likely to undergo THA (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Although THA utilization was high, disparities in presentation age, nonsurgical treatments, and comorbidities suggest differing challenges across populations. Future research should explore drivers of these disparities.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV retrospective cohort.

PMID:40779774 | DOI:10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00054

Analyst. 2025 Aug 8. doi: 10.1039/d5an00606f. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Real-time monitoring of neurotransmitter release in living cells is crucial for understanding neural functions and the efficacy of drug actions. Here, we developed an electrochemical microsensor chip using a multidimensional nanosensitive material (MNG-1) that detects dopamine (DA) with high sensitivity, enabling real-time analysis of exocytosis in living cells. Our sensor-based technique does not require advanced equipment and can detect single exocytotic events using a standard electrochemical workstation and a small Faraday cage, allowing for rapid and statistically significant data collection. We investigated the mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs (APs) and found that, in addition to antagonizing DA receptors, APs also influence DA release from living cells. Our experiments demonstrated that haloperidol, sulpiride, and chlorpromazine affect DA secretion from PC12 cells differently, with haloperidol significantly inhibiting secretion. Moreover, increased haloperidol concentration reduced the quantity of DA secreted. This study offers a simple, efficient, and low-cost method for real-time quantitative exocytosis research, with significant potential in neuroscience and drug mechanism research.

PMID:40779771 | DOI:10.1039/d5an00606f