Category: Nevin Manimala

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2025 Mar 22. doi: 10.1002/ksa.12650. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: While both iliotibial band graft augmented by gracilis tendon (ITB + G) and hamstring autograft with modified Lemaire lateral extra-articular tenodesis (STG + LET) are established techniques for addressing rotatory instability in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, no direct comparison exists between these approaches. The purpose of this study was to provide the first direct comparison between these two surgical techniques regarding graft survival, functional outcomes and return to sport.

METHODS: This single-centre, single-surgeon retrospective study analyzed 56 patients (28 per group) after 1:1 propensity score matching based on age, gender and Tegner activity scale. Primary end point was failure (graft retear or secondary meniscal lesion). Secondary outcomes included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), anterior cruciate ligament-return to sport after surgery (ACL-RSI) scores, and return to sport rate. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and between-group comparisons were performed using appropriate statistical tests.

RESULTS: At mean follow-up of 53.3 ± 6.4 months, failure-free survival rates at 24 months were 85.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66.3-94.4) for STG + LET and 89.3% (95% CI: 70.4-96.4) for ITB + G (p = 0.664). Graft retear rate was 7.1% (STG + LET: 3.6%, ITB + G: 10.7%). Secondary meniscal injuries occurred equally (14.3%) in both groups. Return-to-sport rate was 89.3% at mean of 9.6 ± 3.9 months. Mean IKDC scores were 87.5 ± 11.4 for STG + LET and 83.6 ± 16.3 for ITB + G, with 73.7% achieving Patient Acceptable Symptom State criteria. ACL-RSI scores were similar between groups (STG + LET: 74.2 ± 24.3 and ITB + G: 73.5 ± 26.8).

CONCLUSION: No significant differences were found between ITB + G and STG + LET techniques regarding failure rates, return to sport and functional outcomes. Both techniques achieved satisfactory results in this cohort, with similar complication profiles. This comparison provides valuable clinical guidance, supporting surgical decision-making based on surgeon experience.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

PMID:40119696 | DOI:10.1002/ksa.12650

Clin Transl Med. 2025 Apr;15(4):e70283. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.70283.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40119678 | DOI:10.1002/ctm2.70283

Am J Hum Biol. 2025 Mar;37(3):e70030. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.70030.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Bone remodeling relies on a dynamic process of concurrent deposition and resorption of bone material, which regulates bone mineral density (BMD), a critical component of overall bone health. Chronic dysregulation of the remodeling process during an individual’s life can result in low BMD, osteoporosis, reduced mineral reserves and/or increased fracture risk. Prior studies have investigated the link between parity and BMD, positing that one cost of reproduction is increased bone resorption above deposition, resulting in net BMD loss. Further, bone remodeling is sensitive to repetitive mechanical loading, suggesting that differences in bone loading could modify associations between parity and BMD. We seek to understand how reproductive investment (using parity as a proxy) challenges bone remodeling.

METHODS: We examined associations between parity and regional BMD using anthropometric, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and questionnaire data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018 cohorts; n = 5144).

RESULTS: In unadjusted linear regressions, higher parity was associated with lower BMD in all regions except the thoracic spine, arms, and total BMD (p < 0.004). In regressions adjusting for BMI and age, parity was positively associated with BMD in the pelvis, arms, and total BMD (p < 0.004). The maximally controlled models, which adjust for race/ethnicity, sedentary time, poverty income ratio, and lifetime estrogen exposure, among other health and lifestyle variables, yielded similar results.

DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that more rigorous statistical modeling and selection of reproductive cost variables may help explicate the biological mechanisms underlying conflicting parity-BMD associations and their impact on bone health and aging.

PMID:40119659 | DOI:10.1002/ajhb.70030

Int J Nurs Pract. 2025 Apr;31(2):e70011. doi: 10.1111/ijn.70011.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Incentive spirometry is used in addition to care, especially in reducing pulmonary complications after surgery. Complications in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems can basically be determined by blood values and vital signs, which are important objective data of haemodynamics.

AIM: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the use of incentive spirometry in conjunction with postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation care has a notable impact on arterial blood gas, oxygen saturation (SpO2) and vital signs.

METHODS: This randomised, controlled trial used repeated-measures design. It was conducted between 2021 and 2022, and data from 58 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery at the cardiovascular surgery clinic of a university hospital were analysed. All patients received pulmonary rehabilitation, and incentive spirometry was added for the experimental group.

RESULTS: In the experimental group, on post-op day 3, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) (p = 0.01), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) (p = 0.002) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) (p < 0.001) values were statistically significantly higher. Additionally, on post-op day 3 the experimental group had significantly lower systolic blood pressure (p = 0.03), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.004) and respiratory rate (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Incentive spirometry after coronary artery bypass graft surgery improves oxygen levels and vital signs.

PMID:40119648 | DOI:10.1111/ijn.70011

Am J Epidemiol. 2025 Mar 21:kwaf063. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaf063. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Earlier pubertal timing and faster pubertal tempo (pace of progression through puberty) might be associated with increased body mass index (BMI) later in life. In a follow-up study of 13 219 boys and girls from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC), we investigated the association between pubertal timing and tempo and BMI trajectories from puberty to adulthood and explored the potential confounding role of childhood BMI. Based on half-yearly information on self-reported current Tanner stages, pubertal timing and tempo were estimated using non-linear mixed effect growth models. In total, 136 457 height and weight measurements from 7 to 18 years were included. BMI trajectories from 11 to 18 years were fitted according to pubertal timing and tempo while adjusting for potential confounders, including childhood BMI at age 7 years. Children with earlier pubertal timing had higher, and children with later pubertal timing had lower BMI trajectories from 11 to 18 years than children with average pubertal timing. After adjustment for childhood BMI, the difference disappeared in boys but persisted in girls, suggesting that earlier pubertal timing may be independently associated with later BMI in girls only. Faster pubertal tempo was associated with slightly higher BMI in young women only.

PMID:40119643 | DOI:10.1093/aje/kwaf063

Am J Epidemiol. 2025 Mar 21:kwaf064. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaf064. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40119642 | DOI:10.1093/aje/kwaf064

J Nurs Scholarsh. 2025 Mar 22. doi: 10.1111/jnu.70007. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Drinking is the most problematic health behavior among adolescents. Adolescent drinking behavior is likely to continue into adulthood and can lead to various social problems, development of multiple diseases, and even death. Grit is defined as the ability to persist in the face of a struggle. While grit can be a protective factor against risky health behaviors, there is a lack of information on how grit is related to adolescent drinking behavior. Based on the integrative model of adolescent health risk behavior, this study aimed to examine how intrapersonal, interpersonal, and cultural/environmental factors were related to adolescent drinking behaviors. Especially, this study aimed to examine the relationship between grit and adolescent drinking behavior by adding grit as a psychosocial maturity factor.

DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents.

METHODS: A secondary data analysis of the 5th wave of the Korean children and youth panel survey (N = 2252) was conducted. The study sample comprised 11th-grade high school students. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed RESULTS: Model 1 included intrapersonal, interpersonal, and cultural/environmental factors associated with adolescent drinking behavior. Model 2 added grit to the factors in model 1 to examine how grit is related to adolescent drinking behavior. After controlling for intrapersonal, interpersonal, and cultural/environmental factors, a higher level of grit was associated with lower odds of drinking behavior among adolescents (OR = 0.413, 95% CI = 0.257-0.662, p < 0.001) CONCLUSION: A higher level of grit was associated with lower odds of drinking behavior among adolescents after adjusting for intrapersonal, interpersonal, and cultural/environmental factors CLINICAL RELEVANCE: As grit can help deter risky health behaviors, guardians, teachers, and school nurses should focus on fostering grit among adolescents through education, mentorship, and intervention programs.

PMID:40119605 | DOI:10.1111/jnu.70007

Glia. 2025 Mar 22. doi: 10.1002/glia.70019. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Individual protoplasmic astrocytes have very complex and diverse spongiform shapes. The morphological diversity of astrocytes is determined by the structural and functional interactions of the astrocyte with its microenvironment. When faced with pathological conditions, astrocytes reorganize their morphology. Yet, little is known about the astrocytic response in pure tauopathies and its evolution over time. Here, we aimed to investigate the consequences of a primary neuronal tau pathology on astrocyte fine morphology at three stages of the disease using the transgenic Thy-Tau22 mouse model. We first showed that hippocampal astrocytes in Thy-Tau22 mice progressively accumulate hyperphosphorylated tau with age. We then developed a pipeline of analyses, including 3D reconstruction of hippocampal tdTomato-labeled astrocytes via a PHP.eB adeno-associated virus, confocal microscopy, Imaris software morphometric analysis, and an advanced statistical analysis. During normal aging, the complexity of astrocyte morphology peaked at adulthood, then declined. In contrast, in Thy-Tau22 mice, tauopathy was associated with a simpler initial morphology, followed by the appearance of a cluster of complex cells at the most advanced stage. Using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering based on 10 morphological features, we were able to identify different astrocyte morphotypes whose relative proportion varies differently with age between WT and Thy-Tau22 mice. Interestingly, we revealed that a fraction of astrocytes with a complex morphology re-emerges late in tauopathy-affected animals. Our data highlight the concept of significant and reversible structural plasticity of astrocytes when faced with chronic pathological conditions.

PMID:40119587 | DOI:10.1002/glia.70019

Ann Clin Biochem. 2025 Mar 21:45632251332460. doi: 10.1177/00045632251332460. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Objectives Urinary organic acid analysis is crucial for diagnosing inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs). This study assesses the impact of an external quality assessment (EQA) scheme on standardizing urinary organic acid detection in China from 2019 to 2023. Methods This retrospective longitudinal study analyzed data from the NCCL-E-25 EQA scheme for urinary organic acid analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ten batches of EQA data over five years were included, focusing on eight key organic acid metabolites. Robust statistical methods were used to evaluate laboratory performance, including regional variations, sample preparation methods, and laboratory types. Results Participating laboratories increased from 43 in 2019 to 76 in 2023, with high participation rates (median 94.74%). All eight target compounds showed significant reductions in robust coefficient of variation (CV) over time. Regional performance disparities narrowed, converging by 2022-2023. Extraction preparation methods generally outperformed non-extraction methods. Newborn Screening Centers (NBSCs) demonstrated lower robust CVs compared to non-NBSCs. Conclusions The EQA scheme effectively improved and standardized laboratory testing quality nationwide, particularly benefiting central and western regions. The study highlights the importance of standardized protocols and continuous improvement in enhancing IMD diagnostic accuracy. Future efforts should focus on encouraging wider participation, especially from underrepresented regions, and integrating quantitative and diagnostic capability assessments to comprehensively evaluate laboratory performance.

PMID:40118810 | DOI:10.1177/00045632251332460

J Am Heart Assoc. 2025 Mar 21:e039192. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.124.039192. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Low-voltage areas in the left atrium predict atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation and are associated with adverse outcomes like death, heart failure, and stroke. Detecting low-voltage areas (LVAs) typically requires invasive procedures, highlighting the need for a simple, minimally invasive marker. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a neuropeptide released during parasympathetic stimulation, affects electrophysiological remodeling in atrial fibrillation. We hypothesized that serum VIP could serve as a biomarker for detecting LVAs in these patients.

METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at Hokkaido University Hospital between August 2021 and September 2023. We included 108 patients with atrial fibrillation scheduled for catheter ablation. Blood samples were collected during ablation to measure VIP using an ELISA. Electroanatomical mapping identified LVAs, defined as regions with bipolar voltage ≤0.5 mV and occupying >5% of the left atrial surface. Statistical analyses evaluated the relationship between VIP and LVAs. Fifty-one patients (47%) had LVAs, with significantly higher serum VIP levels than those without (335.1 versus 247.7 pg/mL, P<0.001). VIP levels and female sex were statistically significant factors of LVAs. Adding VIP to the existing score significantly improved its discrimination (area under the curve: 0.784 versus 0.707, P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Serum VIP levels are higher in patients with atrial fibrillation with LVAs, suggesting its potential as a noninvasive biomarker for detecting these areas and improving clinical management.

PMID:40118798 | DOI:10.1161/JAHA.124.039192