Category: Nevin Manimala

Front Pediatr. 2025 Jul 15;13:1541643. doi: 10.3389/fped.2025.1541643. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of abdominal aortic spectral Doppler combined with echocardiography in the diagnosis of aortic coarctation in pediatric patients.

METHODS: Pediatric patients with aortic coarctation, diagnosed by computed tomography angiography (CTA) and surgically confirmed, were retrospectively enrolled. These patients were divided into two groups based on the availability of abdominal aortic spectral Doppler. Additionally, both abdominal aortic spectral Doppler and echocardiographic data were collected for the normal group. All data were compared and analyzed to determine the reasons for discrepancies in diagnostic results.

RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics among the three groups (p > 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in aortic isthmus velocity and aortic isthmus Z-scores between the normal group and the two patient groups (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in aortic isthmus velocity or aortic isthmus Z-scores between the two patient groups (p > 0.05). The abdominal aortic spectral Doppler group demonstrated significantly decreased peak systolic velocity (PSV), prolonged acceleration time (AT), and reduced pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) compared with controls (p < 0.05). Echocardiographic detection rates differed between groups: non-abdominal aortic spectral Doppler group, 59 true-positive coarctation cases (sensitivity 85.5%, false-negative rate 14.5%); abdominal aortic spectral Doppler group, 75 true-positive cases (sensitivity 96.2%, false-negative rate 3.8%). The combined diagnostic model incorporating abdominal aortic PSV, AT, and aortic isthmus Z-score achieved superior performance (AUC = 0.98), significantly outperforming individual parameters.

CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal aortic spectral Doppler combined with echocardiography can improve the diagnostic sensitivity of aortic coarctation in pediatric patients and can be used as an important indirect imaging approach in clinical practice to reduce missed diagnoses of aortic coarctation.

PMID:40735604 | PMC:PMC12303967 | DOI:10.3389/fped.2025.1541643

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 29;15(1):27589. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12762-5.

ABSTRACT

Genetic findings are important independent prognostic factors in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). This study presents cytogenetic data correlated with clinical factors of 1337 patients aged 1-18 years with newly diagnosed ALL treated between 2011 and 2018 under the Polish ALL IC-BFM 2009 therapeutic protocol. Overall survival (OS) for children with B-cell ALL was 95.58% at 5 years, while OS for children with T-cell ALL was 80.43% (p < 0.001). The event-free survival (EFS) rates were 86.69% and 72.92%, respectively, and the difference was also statistically significant (p < 0.001). The most common karyotypes observed were normal in 31.79% (n = 425) and high hyperdiploidy (HeH) in 18.4% (n = 246). Two aberrations were associated with a good prognosis in patients with B-cell ALL: ETV6::RUNX1 (OS = 98.47% and EFS 92.75%) and high hyperdiploidy (OS = 97.52% and EFS = 92.5%). Patients with low hyperdiploidy as well as patients with BCR::ABL1 aberration (OS = 73.05%, EFS = 73.05%) indicated a trend towards worse results (OS = 92.29%, EFS = 81.21%). Death and relapse rates were significantly higher in HeH patients without trisomy 17 and 18 compared to those with double trisomy 17 and 18 (p = 0.013). Our study advocates, cytogenetic testing remains an important tool in the diagnosis of paediatric patients with ALL IC-BFM 2009 protocol, as well as it shows that cytogenetic testing’s use for treatment stratification improved the outcome of children with ALL in Polish paediatric onco-haematology centres.

PMID:40731127 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-12762-5

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 29;15(1):27680. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11087-7.

ABSTRACT

Geodesic cycles, or loops of nodes connected in a sequence within a network, are an important if under-studied network motif, and their prominence or deficiency is associated with both beneficial and detrimental properties in diverse kinds of networks. Here, we examine cycles formed by people’s reports of informal borrowing/lending and friendship ties among 22,551 rural Hondurans (in 174 isolated villages), and we explore their association with personal and community wealth across two time points. We find that cycles of different lengths (i.e., 3 or 4 ties in a loop) constitute an over-represented motif, and their quantity is strongly associated with individual wealth, i.e., richer individuals are involved in more cycles. Furthermore, we introduce a new metric of cycle composition, defined as the average of some measure (e.g., wealth) of a node’s alters in its cycles, and find that this metric outperforms cycle quantity as an indicator of both current and future wealth. A longitudinal analysis also reflects a higher participation rate in future cycles among wealthier individuals. When benchmarking cycles with eigenvector centrality, we find that cycle participation offers distinctive insights. Finally, cycle composition is a strong indicator of overall village wealth. In sum, the potential for the flow of money in a village through structural social network cycles may relate to both individual-level and village-level wealth.

PMID:40731117 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11087-7

Hypertens Res. 2025 Jul 29. doi: 10.1038/s41440-025-02260-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Hypertension affects more than 4 billion people worldwide and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Improving physical activity is an effective way to manage hypertension, and there has been a lot of interest in the use of wearable devices for promoting physical activity, which have become increasingly popular in recent years, but in many countries, improvements in physical activity levels remain inadequate. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether interventions using wearable devices have a beneficial effect on blood pressure in adults. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023442506), we searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and IchuShi-Web, identifying 21 randomized controlled trials including participants with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or overweight/obesity. Interventions ranged from 12 to 48 weeks using pedometers, activity trackers, and smartwatches. Random-effects meta-analysis showed these interventions did not produce statistically significant improvements in systolic or diastolic blood pressure at any intervention duration (12, 24, or 48 weeks). Similarly, no statistically significant improvements were found in secondary outcomes (body weight, fasting blood glucose, and Hemoglobin A1c). Heterogeneity varied from low to high depending on outcome and intervention period. These findings indicate that evidence of direct intervention using wearable devices for promoting physical activity alone is currently insufficient to establish clinically meaningful improvements in blood pressure and related metabolic parameters. Future research may need to integrate wearable technology into comprehensive care models that combine targeted feedback and education with behavioral support strategies, rather than direct intervention through monitoring alone.

PMID:40731080 | DOI:10.1038/s41440-025-02260-6

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 29;15(1):27692. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98628-2.

ABSTRACT

Neonatal seizures were associated with significant rates of mortality; in which about one-third of the neonates with seizure ending up with death. Despite this, the time to death and its predictors among neonates with seizure has not been investigated; especially in Ethiopia. To determine the time to death and its predictors among neonates with seizure in public hospitals of Awi zone, Northwest Ethiopia. A multicenter prospective follow-up study was conducted in public hospitals of Awi zone on 263 neonates with seizure. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier curve, Nelson-Aalen curves, and log-rank tests were employed to describe the time to death and to assess the risk of mortality among different covariates. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the predictors of time to death. AHR with 95% CI was used to identify significant predictor variables, and a statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. A total of 263 neonates with seizure were followed for a total of 1334.3 person-days, and the incidence of mortality was found to be 22.5 per 1000 person-day observations (95% CI = 14.0-29.6). The median time to death was 3 days (IQR = 2-5 days). Birth trauma (AHR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.5-10.6), neonatal sepsis (AHR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.1-10.8), hypoglycemia (AHR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.1-9.3), and tonic type seizure (AHR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.3-15.6) were statistically significant predictors of early mortality in neonates with seizure. This study revealed that the incidence of in-hospital mortality among neonates with seizure to be high and the median time to death to be short; and the predictors of early mortality were identified. Early detection and appropriate management of neonates having birth trauma, sepsis, and hypoglycemia might be helpful.

PMID:40731073 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-98628-2

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 29;15(1):27657. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13131-y.

ABSTRACT

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the development of numerous prognostic models for patient assessment. However, the potential utility of the predisposition, insult/infection, response, organ dysfunction (PIRO) score in evaluating COVID-19 severity and outcomes remains unexplored, presenting a gap in current research. A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 374 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 who were admitted to the emergency department of Beijing Youan Hospital. Demographic data, treatment regimens, and seven prognostic scoring systems, including PIRO, were evaluated. To evaluate the models’ prognostic accuracy for 28-day mortality, area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) analysis was employed. Comparative performance between scoring systems was quantified using the DeLong method for paired ROC curves. Of the 374 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 120 (32.1%) died within 28 day of hospitalization. Significant disparities were observed between survivors and non-survivors regarding age, laboratory parameters, and clinical scores. Analysis of patient distribution and mortality rates across different score ranges revealed a positive correlation between score magnitude and 28-day mortality. The PIRO score demonstrated superior prognostic capability, yielding an AUC of 0.898 (95% CI 0.866-0.929). The quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score followed closely (AUC 0.882, 95% CI 0.849-0.914). Both critical illness risk score (COVID-GRAM) and national early warning score 2 (NEWS2) exhibited AUCs exceeding 0.85 (COVID-GRAM 0.854, 95% CI 0.812-0.895; NEWS2: 0.851, 95% CI 0.813-0.889). DeLong test analysis revealed statistically significant differences in AUC between PIRO and confusion, urea, respiration, systolic pressure, age ≥ 65 (CURB-65), pneumonia severity index (PSI), COVID-GRAM, rapid acute physiology score (RAPS), and NEWS2 (all p < 0.05). Analysis revealed the PIRO scoring system as a robust predictor of 28-day mortality among COVID-19 cases presenting to the emergency setting, offering potential refinement of risk stratification and clinical management strategies.

PMID:40731068 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-13131-y

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 29;15(1):27540. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11084-w.

ABSTRACT

Flavonoids, a diverse class of polyphenolic phytochemicals, exhibit multifaceted biological activities critical to human health. This study leverages degree-based topological indices (TIs) to predict six physicochemical properties of sixty flavonoids using linear, quadratic, and logarithmic regression models. Statistical validation via correlation coefficients ([Formula: see text]), Root Means Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) revealed robust predictive power, particularly for molar refractivity ([Formula: see text], RMSE [Formula: see text], MAE [Formula: see text]), molar volume ([Formula: see text], RMSE [Formula: see text], MAE [Formula: see text]), and enthalpy of vaporization ([Formula: see text], RMSE [Formula: see text], MAE [Formula: see text]). Quadratic models consistently outperformed linear/logarithmic approaches, indicating nonlinear relationships between TIs and properties. The methodology offers a cost-effective tool for prioritizing bioactive flavonoids in drug discovery, validated by strong agreement between predicted and experimental values for external compounds (e.g., Procyanidin B2: molar refractivity RMSE [Formula: see text]). This work bridges cheminformatics and QSPR, enabling rapid property estimation for polyphenolic systems.

PMID:40731053 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11084-w

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 29;15(1):27716. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11274-6.

ABSTRACT

Incarceration is associated with adverse physical and mental health that are often brought to light during reentry into the community, particularly in the immediate period following release. Social support, specifically from family members, has been identified as a key protective factor that may promote health and reintegration success among formerly incarcerated individuals. However, less is known about how specific types of family support-emotional and instrumental-relate to health outcomes following release from incarceration. The current study uses data from 517 individuals incarcerated in a large Texas prison, surveyed before and approximately one month after release, to examine the relationship between family support and self-rated physical and mental health. Logistic regression models revealed that strong emotional family support was significantly associated with better self-rated physical health and mental health one month post-release. Additionally, strong instrumental family support predicted better mental health but not physical health among respondents. These findings highlight the crucial role of emotional and instrumental familial support systems in fostering and reducing health disparities and promoting equity among justice-impacted populations.

PMID:40731046 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11274-6

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 29;15(1):27704. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12120-5.

ABSTRACT

Groundwater quality in Kadaladi is a critical concern due to contamination from natural and human activities. This study assesses heavy metal concentrations across pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons at 44 sampling sites, using the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), Metal Index (MI), and non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) assessments. Key heavy metals analysed include Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, Mn, and Fe, in Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon with comparisons to WHO (2017) standards using atomic absorption spectrometry. The Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) and Metal Index (MI) were computed to assess contamination levels, and health risks were evaluated through non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) models for adults and children. Results revealed that Mn and Fe concentrations exceeded WHO permissible limits in 20% of the samples, with Site 33 showing the highest pollution in HPI (99.1) and MI (17.89). Post-monsoon samples showed notably higher contamination, attributed to monsoonal leaching and runoff from agricultural and saltpan activities. GIS-based spatial analysis identified persistent hotspots at Sites 6, 24, and 33. Children were particularly vulnerable, with HQ values exceeding 2.0 in affected zones, especially due to Mn exposure. HQ values indicated that children face higher health risks, particularly from Mn, exceeding permissible limits in 4.55% of samples. Pearson correlation revealed strong Mn-Fe geogenic associations, while Cd-Mn correlations post-monsoon pointed to anthropogenic sources. The integration of spatial mapping using GIS and statistical methods provides insight into contamination hotspots, emphasizing the critical role of monsoonal hydrology in mobilizing pollutants. These findings underscore the need for region-specific mitigation strategies and regular water quality monitoring. The study fills a regional knowledge gap and contributes globally relevant insights on managing groundwater quality in vulnerable coastal systems.

PMID:40731043 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-12120-5

Eur J Med Res. 2025 Jul 29;30(1):681. doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-02733-x.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aims to compare the clinical course of COVID-19 in pregnant versus non-pregnant women aged 15-45 in Tabriz, focusing on disease severity, mortality, and pregnancy outcomes.

METHODS: A total of 300 women were analyzed, with 150 pregnant and 150 non-pregnant participants. Data collected included demographic information, comorbidities, clinical outcomes, and pregnancy-related complications.

RESULTS: The mean age of pregnant women was 32 years, while non-pregnant women averaged 38 years. Common comorbidities in the pregnant group included gestational diabetes and hypertension. Pregnant women predominantly experienced mild COVID-19 cases, whereas severe cases were more frequent in non-pregnant women; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Both groups had a mortality rate of 4.7%, with seven deaths reported in each cohort. Among pregnant women, 19% experienced preterm births, 6.7% had miscarriages, 3.5% had stillbirths, and 6.7% faced postpartum hemorrhages, with most preterm births being induced.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that pregnancy does not worsen the clinical course of COVID-19, as pregnant women generally exhibit milder symptoms and require fewer intensive care unit admissions compared to their non-pregnant counterparts.

PMID:40731033 | DOI:10.1186/s40001-025-02733-x