Category: Nevin Manimala

Ann Nutr Metab. 2021 Mar 29. doi: 10.1159/000515217. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Dehydration is known to impair health, quality of daily life, and exercise performance [<xref ref-type=”bibr” rid=”ref1″>1</xref>]. While several methods are utilized to assess fluid balance, there is no gold standard to assess hydration status [<xref ref-type=”bibr” rid=”ref2″>2</xref>]. Cheuvront and Kenefick [<xref ref-type=”bibr” rid=”ref3″>3</xref>] suggested the use of a Venn diagram, which consists of % body mass weight (BML), urine color, and thirst level (WUT) to measure hydration status and fluid needs. However, no study to date has examined the relationship between the WUT criteria and hydration status measured by urine indices.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between urine-specific gravity (USG), urine osmolality (UOSM), and the WUT criteria.

METHODS: Twenty-two females (mean ± SD; age, 20 ± 1 year; weight, 65.4 ± 12.6 kg) and twenty-one males (age, 21 ± 1 year; body mass, 78.7 ± 14.6 kg) participated in this study. First-morning body mass, urine color, USG, UOSM, and thirst level were collected for 10 consecutive days. First 3 days were utilized to establish a euhydrated baseline body weight. %BML >1%, urine color >5, and thirst level ≥5 were used as the dehydration thresholds. The number of markers that indicated dehydration levels was summed when each variable met each threshold. One-way ANOVA with Tukey pairwise comparison was used to assess the differences in USG and UOSM, followed by a calculation of effect size (ES).

RESULTS: Figure <xref ref-type=”fig” rid=”f01″>1</xref> indicates the differences of UOSM based on the WUT criteria. For UOSM, “2 markers indicated” (mean [M] ± SD [ES], 705 ± 253 mOsmol [0.43], p = 0.018) was significantly higher than “1 marker indicated” (M ± SD, 597 ± 253 mOsmol). Additionally, “zero marker indicated” (509 ± 249 mOsmol) was significantly lower than “3 markers indicated” (M ± SD [ES], 761 ± 250 mOsmol, [1.01], p = 0.02) and “2 markers indicated” ([ES], [0.78], p = 0.004). However, there was no statistical difference between “3 markers indicated” ([ES], [0.65], p = 0.13) and “1 marker indicated.” For USG, “3 markers indicated” (M ± SD [ES], 1.021 ± 0.007 [0.57], p = 0.025) and “2 markers indicated” (M ± SD [ES], 1.019 ± 0.010 [0.31], p = 0.026) were significantly higher than “1 marker indicated” (M ± SD, 1.016 ± 0.009). Additionally, “zero marker indicated” (1.014 ± 0.005) was significantly lower than “3 markers indicated” ([ES], [1.21], p = 0.005) and “2 markers indicated” ([ES], [0.54], p = 0.009).

CONCLUSION: When 3 markers indicated dehydration levels, UOSM and USG were greater than euhydrated cut points. When 2 markers indicated dehydration levels, USG was higher than the euhydrated cut point. Additionally, UOSM and USG were significantly lower when zero or 1 marker indicated dehydration levels. Thus, the WUT criteria are a useful tool to assess hydration status. Athletes, coaches, sports scientists, and medical professions can use this strategy in the field settings to optimize their performance and health without consuming money and time.

PMID:33780927 | DOI:10.1159/000515217

Neonatology. 2021 Mar 29:1-5. doi: 10.1159/000514402. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Composite outcomes are used to increase the power of a study by combining event rates. Many composite outcomes in adult clinical trials have components that differ substantially in patient importance, event rate, and effect size, making interpretation challenging. Little is known about the use of composite outcomes in neonatal randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

METHODS: We assessed the use of composite outcomes in neonatal RCTs included in Cochrane Neonatal reviews published till November 2017. Two authors reviewed the components of the composite outcomes to compare their patient importance and computed the ratios of effect sizes and event rates between the components, with an a priori threshold of 1.5, indicating a substantial difference. Descriptive statistics were presented.

RESULTS: We extracted 7,766 outcomes in 2,134 RCTs in 312 systematic reviews. Among them, 55 composite outcomes (0.7%) were identified in 46 RCTs. The vast majority (92.7%) of composite outcomes had 2 components, with death being the most common component (included 51 times [92.7%]). The components in nearly three-quarters of the composite outcomes (n = 40 [72.7%]) had different patient importance, while the effect sizes and event rates differed substantially between the components in 27 (49.1%) and 35 (63.6%) outcomes, respectively, with up to 43-fold difference in the event rates observed.

CONCLUSIONS: The majority of composite outcomes in neonatal RCTs had different patient importance with contrasting effect sizes and event rates between the components. In patient communication, clinicians should highlight individual components, rather than the composites, with explanation on the relationship between the components, to avoid misleading impression on the effect of the intervention. Future trials should report the estimates of all individual components alongside the composite outcomes presented.

PMID:33780936 | DOI:10.1159/000514402

Dig Dis. 2021 Mar 29. doi: 10.1159/000516163. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Angiodysplasias are responsible of 50 % of small bowel bleeding. An endoscopic method that allows measuring its severity is not available Aims: to validate a new endoscopic score with VCE to measure the severity of small bowel angiodysplasias (SBAD).

METHODS: Four endoscopists independently reviewed VCE videos of 22 patients with SBAD. The score graded three variables: A. Extent of lesions: E1: located in one half of the intestine and E2:in both halves. B. Number of lesions: N1 <5; N2: 5-10 and N3: >10 lesions. C. Probability of bleeding: P1: pale red spots; P2: bright red spots; P3: bleeding stigmata and P4: active bleeding. CESBAI was calculated as follows: E x 1 + N x 2 + P x 3. Interobserver variability was analyzed by the Spearman’s correlation and agreement Kappa statistic tests.

RESULTS: The mean CESBAI scores by observers (O) were: O1= 11.6 ± 4.1; O2 =: 11.3 ± 4.8; O3 = 11.1 ± 4.9 and O 4 = 11.8 ± 4.2 (p>0.05). Spearman’s correlation values of CESBAI between every two observers were from 0.61 to 0.94 ( p <0.001) with a global correlation of 0.73 among all observers. Kappa values of CESBAI between every two observers ranged from 0.42 to 0.87 (p<0.001) with global agreement of 0.57 among all observers. All evaluators stated that the method was easy to use.

CONCLUSIONS: CESBAI is a reliable and reproducible score. Nevertheless, these results must be validated in other studies with larger population before assessing its power for predicting bleeding recurrence.

PMID:33780938 | DOI:10.1159/000516163

Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 Mar 19;51:102914. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102914. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Death anxiety (DA) in chronic diseases has occupied the human mind more than other diseases. Therefore, multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are more prone to DA due to recurrence periods.

OBJECTIVE: Among the psychological interventions the two approaches of logotherapy (LT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), They pay more attention and concentration on the subject of suffering. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of these two approaches on DA in MS patients.

METHODS: The statistical population included 48 women who were diagnosed as MS patients and had medical records at Iran MS Society in Tehran, in terms of entry and exit criteria, which were selected by convenience sampling. Then they were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. This plan has an independent variable at three levels including: LT, ACT and the control group. The dependent variables are the subjects’ scores on the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R) (Wong., Reker & Gesser, 1994). Therapeutic interventions included 12 sessions of 2 h per week. A 3-hour workshop was held for the control group. in which patients were provided with basic information about the psychological problems of MS, but no strategy was presented. In order to obtain the results, the analysis of covariance was used and in the follow-up study, repeated measures analysis of variance with an intergroup variable (mixed model) was used.

RESULTS: It showed that both LT and ACT groups were able to be effective and reduce DA in comparison with the control group and such a positive effect on the improvement of DA was evident both in the post-test and follow-up stages. However, no significant differences were observed in comparing the effectiveness of the two intervention methods, so both methods were effective in reducing DA due to the nature of suffering.

CONCLUSION: Considering the effectiveness of LT and ACT in reducing DA in MS patients, the results of this study can be used in order to achieve therapeutic goals and reduce psychological problems in chronic diseases.

PMID:33780806 | DOI:10.1016/j.msard.2021.102914

Comput Biol Med. 2021 Mar 18;132:104345. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104345. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Accurate positioning of the responsible segment for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is clinically important not only to the surgery but also to reduce the incidence of surgical trauma and complications. Spinal cord segmentation is a crucial step in the positioning procedure. This study proposed a fully automated approach for spinal cord segmentation from 2D axial-view MRI slices of patients with CSM. The proposed method was trained and tested using clinical data from 20 CSM patients (359 images) acquired by the Peking University Third Hospital, with ground truth labeled by professional radiologists. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated using quantitative measures, the reliability metric as well as visual assessment. The proposed method yielded a Dice coefficient of 87.0%, Hausdorff distance of 9.7 mm, root-mean-square error of 5.9 mm. Higher conformance with ground truth was observed for the proposed method in comparison to the state-of-the-art algorithms. The results are also statistically significant with p-values calculated between state-of-the-art methods and the proposed methods.

PMID:33780869 | DOI:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104345

Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2021 Mar 6;43:101355. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101355. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to assess diet and lifestyle by designing a healthy behavior index (HBI) related to the educational level and time of breast cancer (BC) diagnosis.

METHODS: 241 female breast cancer survivors treated at Centro Estatal de Cancerología (State Cancer Center) in Mexico were assessed based on dietary pattern, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, body size and shape, sleep disorders with increasing scores that represent less healthy characteristics. The odds ratios (OR) and quartiles of the healthy behavior index and the time of diagnosis were estimated. The regression model was used to assess the association between HBI and the BC covariates.

RESULTS: The healthy behavior index for the two first quartiles was that of p < 0.001. The graphic behavior of correspondence with the covariates (age, schooling and moderate physical activity) showed a different three-dimensional effect on healthy behaviors. According to diagnosis time ≤ three years, the following covariates were significant: socioeconomic status, (OR: 4.34 CI 95% 1.2-9.5), sleep disturbances (p = 020) and protective intake of fruits and vegetables (p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, survivors with a high level of education are significantly more likely to show a healthy behavior (OR: 0.3 95% CI 0.12 – 0.8); as well as the early clinical stages (OR: 0.4 95% CI 0.2-0.9).

CONCLUSION: In breast cancer survivors, both the high level of education and early clinical stages were important healthy behavior modifiers.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Since diets are potentially modifiable, the findings may have further implications to promote a careful dietary pattern to prevent breast cancer. These variables should be assessed as a strategy in cancer survivor preventive programs.

PMID:33780875 | DOI:10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101355

Cognition. 2021 Mar 26;212:104689. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104689. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

It’s a common assumption that people’s mental state timeline can be divided into a sequence of focus-mind wandering episodes, each comprises a focusing stage followed by a mind wandering stage. Accordingly, probability of being in a focus state should be high early in an episode and decrease overtime. We investigated the dynamics of shifting between meditation and off task thoughts by systematically probing participants at various time points during a focus-mind wandering episode. Contrary to predictions of the two-stage model, there’s no significant decrease in probability of focus state during a focus-mind wandering episode. Simulations matching parameters of each participant suggest that the lack of this negative trend was not due to statistical power. Instead, people may have multiple spontaneous alternations between meditation and off task thoughts before they are able to catch themselves mind wandering. Based on this Multiple Sub-event Model, a novel method was developed to estimate the number of sub-events during a focus-mind wandering episode.

PMID:33780750 | DOI:10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104689

Mar Pollut Bull. 2021 Mar 26;167:112271. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112271. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This work reports the level and ecotoxicity impact of metals in the sediments of the Mallorquín swamp, a protected coastal lagoon in the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The distribution of metals was in the following decreasing order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Hg, showing statistically significant differences among sites. The average Pb and Cd concentrations in sediments were about 17 and 5 times higher, respectively, compared to those in background values. Several contamination indices suggested moderate contamination of Hg, Cu, and Zn, and strong pollution due to Cd and Pb. Multivariate analysis revealed spatial variations for metals and its anthropogenic origin, such as municipal and industrial wastewater discharges (Pb, Zn, and Hg) and agricultural activities (Cd and Cu). These findings showed the negative impact of human activities and the need to apply protective management strategies.

PMID:33780754 | DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112271

Clin Imaging. 2021 Mar 22;78:127-135. doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.03.022. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the clinical significance of the peaks of N-acetyl mucinous compounds (NAMC) at 2 ppm and lipid at 1.3 ppm in in-vivo proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy for distinguishing benign and malignant mucinous tumors in patients with ovarian masses.

METHODS: MR spectroscopy was performed in patients with pathologically diagnosed mucinous ovarian tumors at 3 T MRI system. The peaks of NAMC, lipid, and total choline compounds (tCho) were classified into three classes in comparison with the noise level by visual estimation. The NAMC concentration was quantified relative to unsuppressed water by using LCModel analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 27 ovarian mucinous tumors in 27 patients were included in this study. The NAMC peak was observed in all 27 mucinous tumors, and the lipid peak was observed in 14 of 27 tumors: 1 of 9 benign tumors (11%), and 13 of 18 malignant tumors (11 borderline malignancies and 7 carcinomas) (72%). The presence of the lipid peak for the diagnosis of malignant mucinous tumor showed generally better diagnostic ability than MR imaging, with a sensitivity of 72%, specificity of 89%, accuracy of 78%, PPV of 93%, and NPV of 62%. The concentration of the NAMC in malignant mucinous tumors tended to be higher than that in benign mucinous tumors, but there was no statistically significant difference.

CONCLUSIONS: The bimodal peaks of NAMC and lipid are suggestive of malignant mucinous tumors, and the presence of the lipid peak may be useful in distinguishing benign from malignant ovarian mucinous tumors.

PMID:33780785 | DOI:10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.03.022

J Surg Res. 2021 Mar 26;264:58-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.02.004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Risk-adjusted morbidity and mortality are commonly used by national surgical quality improvement (QI) programs to measure hospital-level surgical quality. However, the degree of hospital-level correlation between mortality, morbidity, and other perioperative outcomes (like reoperation) collected by contemporary surgical QI programs has not been well-characterized.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Veterans Affairs (VA) Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VASQIP) data (2015-2016) were used to evaluate hospital-level correlation in performance between risk-adjusted 30-d mortality, morbidity, major morbidity, reoperation, and 2 composite outcomes (1- mortality, major morbidity, or reoperation; 2- mortality or major morbidity) after noncardiac surgery. Correlation between outcomes rates was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Correlation between hospital risk-adjusted performance rankings was evaluated using Spearman’s correlation.

RESULTS: Based on a median of 232 [IQR 95-331] quarterly surgical cases abstracted by VASQIP, statistical power for identifying 30-d mortality outlier hospitals was estimated between 3.3% for an observed-to-expected ratio of 1.1 and 45.7% for 3.0. Among 230,247 Veterans who underwent a noncardiac operation at 137 VA hospitals, there were moderate hospital-level correlations between various risk-adjusted outcome rates (highest r = 0.40, mortality and composite 1; lowest r = 0.32, mortality and morbidity). When hospitals were ranked based on performance, there was low-to-moderate correlation between rankings on the various outcomes (highest ρ = 0.47, mortality and composite 1; lowest ρ = 0.37, mortality and major morbidity).

CONCLUSIONS: Modest hospital-level correlations between perioperative outcomes suggests it may be difficult to identify high (or low) performing hospitals using a single measure. Additionally, while composites of currently measured outcomes may be an efficient way to improve analytic sample size (relative to evaluations based on any individual outcome), further work is needed to understand whether they provide a more robust and accurate picture of hospital quality or whether evaluating performance across a portfolio of individual measures is most effective for driving QI.

PMID:33780802 | DOI:10.1016/j.jss.2021.02.004