Category: Nevin Manimala

J Econ Entomol. 2022 May 29:toac066. doi: 10.1093/jee/toac066. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Global pollinator declines have fostered increased public interest in creating pollinator-friendly gardens in human-managed landscapes. Indeed, studies on urban pollinator communities suggest that flower-rich greenspaces can serve as promising sites for conservation. Ornamental flowers, which are readily available at most commercial garden centers, are ubiquitous in these landscapes. These varieties are often non-native and highly bred, and their utility to pollinators is complex. In this study, we used observational data and citizen science to develop a methods framework that will assist stakeholders in the floriculture industry to incorporate metrics of pollinator health into existing breeding and evaluation protocols. The results of this study support how plant attractiveness to pollinators is often dependent on variables such as climate and plant phenology, which should be considered when developing an assessment tool. Furthermore, we found that some cultivars were consistently attractive across all observations while for other cultivars, pollinator visitation was apparently conditional. We determine using multiple statistical tests that 10 min is a sufficient length of time for observation of most plant types to broadly estimate three measures of plant attractiveness: visitor abundance, primary visitors attracted, and cultivar rank attractiveness, without sacrificing efficiency or accuracy. Additionally, we demonstrate that properly trained non-expert observers can collect accurate observational data, and our results suggest that protocols may be designed to maximize consistency across diverse data collectors.

PMID:35640204 | DOI:10.1093/jee/toac066

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2022;101(3):61-69. doi: 10.17116/stomat202210103161.

ABSTRACT

THE AIM THE STUDY: The purpose of the work is to perform automated alignment of two-dimensional archival photographs of the first prosthesis and a digital model of the complete removable prosthesis by superposition in order to determine or deny their possible belonging to one user.

MATERIALS END METHODS: The superposition was carried out in the Exocad program (DentalCAD 3.0 Galway) using the standard 2D-3D alignment algorithm of the «SmileDesign» module; in the same program. In addition, Keynote and Fusion 360, and Autodesk programs were used. Statistical measurements were carried out at the statistically significant level of p<0.05.

RESULTS: A comparison of four different-angle and different-scale photographic images of a removable denture of the upper jaw teeth with a three-dimensional copy of the same version of the prosthesis of the life physician of the royal family E.S. Botkin was made. When superimposing a digital three-dimensional model and a two-dimensional photograph of the original prosthesis with marked anthropometric points (n=51), 21 of them coincided or touched each other (41.2%). Another 26 points were located side by side (distance up to 1.5 mm) (50.9%) and 4 did not coincide (distance >1.5 mm, but no more than 3.5-4 mm) (7.8%). When the reference points were combined, the contours, the configuration of the relief and the peripheral boundaries of all three objects mostly coincided. The linear longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the bases of the prostheses also mostly coincided. The exception was the distal border of the bases, and the level of the cutting edges of the anterior artificial teeth, where complete coincidence was not observed, due to differences in the degree of erasability.

CONCLUSION: Comparison of the original prosthesis from Ipatiev’s house and its stereolithographic model was a test for the accuracy of the matching method used. The stereotype of the compared images is proved and the consistency of the possibility of computer combination of three-dimensional and two-dimensional objects is confirmed. The use of traditional methods of forensic identification and evaluation of the results by methods of mathematical statistics allowed us to conclude that the two different complete removable dentures of the upper jaw depicted in the photographs belong to one user.

PMID:35640181 | DOI:10.17116/stomat202210103161

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2022;101(3):38-43. doi: 10.17116/stomat202210103138.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory complications are the most prevalent problems after surgical extraction of mandibular third molars. The main options for prevention are prophylactic antibiotics usage before surgery or in the postoperative period; a method of postoperative management of a tooth socket, implying healing by primary or secondary closure. Each of the postoperative management types has advantages and disadvantages.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare complete suturing versus iodoform gauze packing of tooth socket for prevention of inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar removal.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed. The medical records of 273 patients who underwent mandibular third molar extraction for orthodontic indications were analyzed. Data of 100 patients were included, in 50 cases the postoperative management was carried out using iodoform packing, in other 50 cases complete suturing was performed. Depending on the type of data and distribution, we used the chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test. A p<0.05 was needed to achieve statistical significance.

RESULTS: Alveolitis developed in 8 % cases of iodoform gauze packing and 34% cases of suturing. The differences are statistically significant (p=0.003). The total rehabilitation period (days) in patients with no alveolitis using iodoform gauze packing was 8 (7; 31) (Me (Q1; Q3)), using complete socket suturing was 7 (7; 8) (Me (Q1; Q3)), the differences are statistically significant (p=0.003).

CONCLUSION: The best option for the prophylaxis of alveolitis after surgical extraction of mandibular third molar is secondary closure using iodoform gauze packing. However, in the cases with no alveolitis when complete suturing was performed, healing occurred much faster, which justifies the development of an alternative method for third molar socket healing.

PMID:35640178 | DOI:10.17116/stomat202210103138

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2022;101(3):27-30. doi: 10.17116/stomat202210103127.

ABSTRACT

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to assess the level of oral hygiene and microcirculation of the mucous membrane of the tongue and gums in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) as a result of using a toothbrush with a gold-zinc electroplating.

MATERIALS AND METHOS: The study included 50 patients of both sexes aged 45-64 years with the diagnosis of BMS divided into two groups. In the main group, the complex of hygienic measures included the use of a toothbrush with a gold-zinc electroplating and a paste with the fluorine content of 1350 ppm. In the comparison group, a regular manual toothbrush and a paste with a fluoride content of 1350 ppm were used for oral hygiene. A control group consisted of 25 healthy people with the mean age of 44±4.5 years without clinical signs of BMS in the oral cavity and concomitant acute somatic pathologies.

RESULTS: Tongue mucosa microcirculation level in patients using the toothbrush with a gold-zinc electroplating was significantly higher than in the comparison group using conventional manual toothbrush. Oral hygiene level assessment showed statistically significant better brushing efficacy in patients using the toothbrush with a gold-zinc electroplating.

CONCLUSION: The use of a toothbrush with a gold-zinc electroplating contributes to the normalization of microcirculation in the mucous membrane of the tongue and gums and is recommended for inclusion in the complex of therapeutic measures in patients with BMS.

PMID:35640176 | DOI:10.17116/stomat202210103127

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2022;101(3):7-11. doi: 10.17116/stomat20221010317.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine a comparative evaluation between the shear bond strength (SBS) of total etch adhesive system and the SBS of universal adhesive system in various etching techniques.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were made 60 sections of teeth for the laboratory research. The studied samples had been divided into 4 groups (15 samples in each group). The control group of the study was the Adper SingleBond 2 total etch adhesive system. The SingleBondUniversal adhesive system had been used in three comparison groups: the first group was the total etch technique; the second group was selective etch technique; the third group was self-etching techinque. The Zwick Roell Z010 testing machine had been used for the study. The received results were fixed. The statistical data were processed. Comparison of researched groups were performed in pairs using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test.

RESULTS: In the control group the average value of the shear bond strength (SBS) was 15.01±5.2 MPa, in the first comparison group – 15.6±4.8 MPa, in the second comparison group – 19.7±6.04 MPa, in the third comparison group – 17.9±5.85 MPa. The groups with SingleBondUniversal adhesive system in selective etch technique (19.74 MPa) and self-etching (17.9 MPa) technique had the highest average values of the shear bond strength. The universal adhesive system with total etch technique and the total etch adhesive system had statistically similar data (p≥0.05). The control group with Adper SingleBond 2 total etch adhesive system had the lowest shear bond strength (15.01 MPa).

CONCLUSIONS: The universal adhesive system had high average values of SBS in all etching techniques. During the comparative evaluation there were established correspondence between average values of SBS of universal adhesive system and SBS of total etch adhesive system. The universal adhesive system in selective etch technique had the highest shear bond strength (SBS) with enamel and dentin.

PMID:35640172 | DOI:10.17116/stomat20221010317

Hum Mol Genet. 2022 May 28:ddac124. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddac124. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 75 genetic variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease (ad). However, how these variants function and impact protein expression in brain regions remains elusive. Large-scale proteomic datasets of ad postmortem brain tissues have become available recently. In this study, we used these datasets to investigate brain region-specific molecular pathways underlying ad pathogenesis and explore their potential drug targets. We applied our new network-based tool, Edge-Weighted Dense Module Search of GWAS (EW_dmGWAS), to integrate ad GWAS statistics of 472 868 individuals with proteomic profiles from two brain regions from two large-scale ad cohorts [parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), sample size n = 190; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), n = 192]. The resulting network modules were evaluated using a scale-free network index, followed by a cross-region consistency evaluation. Our EW_dmGWAS analyses prioritized 52 top module genes (TMGs) specific in PHG and 58 TMGs in DLPFC, of which four genes (CLU, PICALM, PRRC2A, NDUFS3) overlapped. Those four genes were significantly associated with ad (GWAS gene-level false discovery rate < 0.05). To explore the impact of these genetic components on TMGs, we further examined their differentially co-expressed genes at the proteomic level and compared them with investigational drug targets. We pinpointed three potential drug target genes, APP, SNCA, and VCAM1, specifically in PHG. Gene set enrichment analyses of TMGs in PHG and DLPFC revealed region-specific biological processes, tissue-cell type signatures, and enriched drug signatures, suggesting potential region-specific drug repurposing targets for ad.

PMID:35640139 | DOI:10.1093/hmg/ddac124

J Phys Chem A. 2022 May 31. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01802. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The reaction between cyano radicals (CN, X²Σ⁺) and cyanoethene (C₂H₃CN) has been investigated by a combined approach coupling crossed molecular beam (CMB) experiments with mass spectrometric detection and time-of-flight analysis at a collision energy of 44.6 kJ mol^-1 and electronic structure calculations to determine the relevant potential energy surface. The experimental results can be interpreted by assuming the occurrence of a dominant reaction pathway leading to the two but-2-enedinitrile (1,2-dicyanothene) isomers (E– and Z-NC-CH═CH-CN) in a H-displacement channel and, to a much minor extent, to 1,1-dicyanoethene, CH₂C(CN)₂. In order to derive the product branching ratios under the conditions of the CMB experiments and at colder temperatures, including those relevant to Titan and to cold interstellar clouds, we have carried out RRKM statistical calculations using the relevant potential energy surface of the investigated reaction. We have also estimated the rate coefficient at very low temperatures by employing a semiempirical method for the treatment of long-range interactions. The reaction has been found to be barrierless and fast also under the low temperature conditions of cold interstellar clouds and the atmosphere of Titan. Astrophysical implications and comparison with literature data are also presented. On the basis of the present work, 1,2-dicyanothene and 1,1-dicyanothene are excellent candidates for the search of dinitriles in the interstellar medium.

PMID:35640168 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01802

Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2022 May 28:ezac324. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac324. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: There is increasing evidence that performing superior cavopulmonary connection at 3 months reduces mortality: reducing the risky ‘interstage’ period, volume off-loading the ventricle and reducing coronary steal, hopefully preserving ventricular function. Our objective was to describe our experience of early superior cavopulmonary connection with preoperative CT assessment compared to later connection at 6 months.

METHODS: Patients undergoing Norwood procedure from 2005 to 2020 were divided into Two eras were described and compared. Era 1 from 2005-2016 when superior cavopulmonary connection was undertaken at 6 months: and era 2 (2017-2020) when an earlier operation was performed. Demographics, mortality (interstage, early and late following superior cavopulmonary connection) and data on post-operative course and complications were recorded.

RESULTS: In era 1, 191 patients underwent Norwood (120 survivors to superior cavopulmonary connection) and 28 patients (23 survivors) in era 2. There were no significant differences in the demographics. Interstage mortality was 17.8% in era 1 and 8.0% in era 2 but not significantly significant (p = 0.22). The median (IQR) age at pre-imaging and superior cavopulmonary connection was significantly lower: 99 (81-120) vs 77 (47-102) days and 175 (117-208) vs 106 (102-122) day in era 1 vs era 2 (P < 0.005). Weight was lower at superior cavopulmonary connection in era 2 (mean (SD) 6.2 kg (1.2) vs 5.1 kg (0.8), p < 0.05). Intubation time and total length of stay were not statistically different. Median Intensive care unit stay was statistically significantly longer, but not clinically significant): 2.5 (2-4) vs 3 (3-5) days respectively (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in early or late mortality, rates of diagnostic or interventional catheter, post-operative MRI/CT or stroke. Logistic regression analysis demonstrates increasing age at superior cavopulmonary connection was associated with increased chance of stroke or early death (p = 0.043).

CONCLUSIONS: Early superior cavopulmonary connection with CT assessment is feasible and although intensive care unit length of stay was slightly longer there was no change in the overall length of stay and no change in post-operative mortality or complications.

PMID:35640135 | DOI:10.1093/ejcts/ezac324

Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022 May 28:keac320. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac320. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To identify barriers to the use of nailfold capillaroscopy as a diagnostic tool for patients presenting with Raynaud’s phenomenon in UK rheumatology centres, and to obtain rheumatologists’ views on a proposed internet-based standardised system for clinical reporting of nailfold capillaroscopy images.

METHODS: An online survey was developed using expert opinion from clinicians, scientists and health service researchers. The survey was piloted and sent to UK-based rheumatologists using established electronic mailing lists between October 2020 and March 2021. Survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS: 104 rheumatologists representing rheumatology centres across the UK responded to the survey. Wide variations in terms of workloads and practices were described. 34 (33%) respondents reported using nailfold capillaroscopy only at their own centre, 33 (32%) referred to other centres, 9 (9%) did both and 28 (27%) did not use capillaroscopy at all. Of the 43 respondents using capillaroscopy on site, 25 (58%) used either a dermatoscope or USB microscope, and 9 (21%) used videocapillaroscopy. Amongst the 61 respondents not undertaking capillaroscopy on site, barriers included lack of equipment (85%), lack of experience in acquiring images (69%) and lack of expertise in interpreting images (67%). Sixty-six respondents (63%) expressed interest in an internet-based, standardised automated system for reporting images.

CONCLUSION: Most UK rheumatologists currently do not perform nailfold capillaroscopy on site. An internet-based nailfold capillaroscopy system, for use with low cost microscopes as well as with videocapillaroscopy, could help increase uptake of capillaroscopy and thereby facilitate early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis across the UK.

PMID:35640131 | DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/keac320

Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2022 May 28:ezac310. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac310. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:35640126 | DOI:10.1093/ejcts/ezac310