Category: Nevin Manimala

Physiol Res. 2025 Jul 25;74(3):519-527.

ABSTRACT

Light spectra, an imperative zeitgeber, may differ in its chronobiological effects among chronotype ensuing differences in circadian pacesetting. With the increasing usage of colored lights in the environment, the effects of light wavelength on the electrical activity of the brain among chronotypes need to be investigated. Healthy participants (N=24) were recruited to morning, intermediate, and evening chronotype groups using the composite scale for morningness scores. They were exposed to randomized brief sessions of red, green, blue, and white light preceded by 15 min of darkness. EEG was recorded in all sessions. The power spectrum was estimated for alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves from different regions of the scalp and compared among the groups. The morning and evening chronotype had statistically significantly higher mean delta power than intermediate chronotype in colored light. Evening chronotype showed a statistically significantly higher mean beta power than the intermediate chronotype (p=0.013) in green light. Intermediate chronotype had statistically significantly higher mean alpha power than morning (p=0.029) and evening chronotype (p=0.009) in red light. The results show a significant effect of the spectral property of light on brain waves in chronotypes. The green light is more effective in alerting evening chronotypes. The finding of the present study may be applicable in research pertinent to brain imaging in chronotypes especially with red, green, and blue light exposure and chromotherapy-based interventions in affective and psychiatric conditions. Key words Circadian rhythm ” Color of light ” Light and chronotype ” Wavelength of light ” EEG in chronotypes.

PMID:40709491

Acta Oncol. 2025 Jul 25;64:966-971. doi: 10.2340/1651-226X.2025.43935.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is part of standard treatment for patients with limited disease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC), treated with curative intent. However, doubt has been raised about the efficacy of PCI in a modern clinical setting. Therefore, we examined factors impacting PCI receival, the cumulative incidence of symptomatic brain metastases, and overall survival (OS) with and without PCI. Patient/material and methods: Records of 190 patients with LD-SCLC consecutively treated between 2012 and 2021 at our institution were reviewed. Patients were grouped based on whether they received PCI (PCI, n = 119) or not (no PCI, n = 71). Baseline characteristics, Kaplan-Meier estimates of OS, and cumulative incidence of symptomatic brain metastases were compared for the two groups.

RESULTS: PCI no patients were older, had a poorer performance status, were more often treated in 2018-2021 and had more frequently a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the time of diagnosis. No PCI median OS was 19 months compared to 24 months for PCI, not significantly different (p = 0.40). During follow-up 54 patients (28.4%) developed symptomatic brain metastases, with no statistically significant difference in the numbers of patients with, and cumulative incidence of, symptomatic brain metastases between the two groups (p = 0.35 and p = 0.21, respectively).

INTERPRETATION: Despite patients not receiving PCI being older and in poorer performance status, no statistically significant difference in OS or cumulative incidence of brain metastasis were observed compared to patients who received PCI. This supports uncertainty regarding the role of PCI.

PMID:40709482 | DOI:10.2340/1651-226X.2025.43935

Euro Surveill. 2025 Jul;30(29). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.29.2500150.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDHepatitis C virus (HCV) microelimination among at-risk migrants supports global elimination goals.AIMTo evaluate risk factors, prevalence and trends of active HCV infection among at-risk migrants screened for HCV in Madrid from 2019-23.METHODSAt-risk migrants (born outside Spain, living in country < 10 years regardless of legal status), were screened for HCV via mobile units with rapid antibody testing, and confirmed by RNA testing. Recruitment of this convenience sample focused on migrant centres, shelters, harm reduction centres and social service sites. Primary outcome was active HCV prevalence. Risk factors analysed included origin, alcohol use, no stable income, drug use and sexual behaviour. Data were analysed using general linear models with negative binomial distribution and p values adjusted for multiple comparisons (q values).RESULTSAmong 2,288 migrants, 6.5% (149/2,288) had anti-HCV antibodies, 47.0% (70/149) of whom tested positive for HCV-RNA; 81.4% (57/70) began antiviral therapy. Overall prevalence of active HCV infection was 3.1% (70/2,288). Injection drug use (non-active vs never used (aIRR: 7.3; 95% CI: 2.7-12.7) and active (aIRR: 14.7; 95% CI: 6.7-32.1)), European origin (vs non-European; aIRR: 5.8; 95% CI: 2.7-12.7) and alcohol misuse (vs no misuse; aIRR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-2.9) were main risk factors. Prevalence showed no significant change during 2019-23 in the overall population and across risk groups.CONCLUSIONAt-risk migrants screened in Madrid had a high prevalence of active HCV infection. This is higher than reported estimates for the general Spanish population and supports the need to enhance targeted HCV prevention, screening and treatment strategies among migrant populations.

PMID:40709474 | DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.29.2500150

Clin Transplant. 2025 Aug;39(8):e70259. doi: 10.1111/ctr.70259.

ABSTRACT

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication following liver transplantation (LT), with multifactorial etiology. It is believed that perioperative hemodynamic instability could lead to AKI. A temporary portocaval shunt (TPCS) could possibly prevent this, but its beneficial effect is still controversial, especially in caval-sparing LT. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of a TPCS during hepatectomy reduces the incidence and severity of post-LT AKI in caval-sparing LT, defined according to AKIN criteria. Between January 2005 and August 2023, all orthotopic LTs performed in a single center were retrospectively analyzed and were divided into a TPCS group (n = 134) and a no-TPCS group (n = 260). Serum creatinine was collected right before LT and daily during the first week post-LT. In multivariate analysis, TPCS was not related to AKI, while diabetes mellitus (p = 0.01) and LabMELD (p = 0.02) were. When comparing TPCS and no-TPCS groups, no differences were seen in median increase of serum creatinine post-LT (TPCS; 12 µmol/L (-4-52) versus no-TPCS; 14 µmol/L ± (-3-52) (p = 0.94)), number of post-LT AKI (TPCS; 31% versus no-TPCS; 33% (p = 0.57)), or severity of post-LT AKI (p = 0.90). In conclusion, the application of a TPCS during hepatectomy is not associated with less post-LT AKI or less severe post-LT AKI when using a caval-sparing LT technique.

PMID:40709456 | DOI:10.1111/ctr.70259

Korean J Gastroenterol. 2025 Jul 25;85(3):366-381. doi: 10.4166/kjg.2025.035.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by indomethacin causes gastric ulceration by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation.

METHODS: This study investigated the protective effects of an Artemisia annua extract powder (SPB-201) on gastric damage and its underlying mechanisms by analyzing various molecular biological markers in indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration rats and AGS human gastric cancer cells.

RESULTS: The oral administration of SPB-201 augmented the gastroprotective PGE₂ and NO contents by increasing COX-1, COX-2, and eNOS expression, resulting in the improvement of gastric damage and ulcerative hyperemia in rats. In addition, elevated levels of mucin and pro-angiogenic factors, including EGF, bFGF, VEGF, and TGF-β1, were observed in the gastric tissue of rats treated with SPB-201. Furthermore, SPB-201 induced the SOD and CAT activities in rats but reduced the protein and mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In addition, the SPB-201 treatment showed a dose-dependent and statistically significant increase in COX-1, COX-2, and PGE₂ production in AGS cells exposed to indomethacin.

CONCLUSIONS: SPB-201 might be an excellent candidate for developing anti-ulcer agents that prevent or treat gastric injury caused by NSAIDs, through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic mechanisms.

PMID:40709427 | DOI:10.4166/kjg.2025.035

Korean J Gastroenterol. 2025 Jul 25;85(3):357-365. doi: 10.4166/kjg.2025.020.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive cholangiopathy of infancy that leads to cholestasis, bile duct fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis if untreated. This study aimed to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of infants with BA and identify prognostic factors influencing treatment outcomes.

METHODS: A retrospective observational design was used, analyzing medical records of 152 infants diagnosed with BA over a three-year period. Data included clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, diagnostic procedures, and treatment outcomes. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess factors affecting recovery and survival.

RESULTS: The results indicated a mean patient age of 13.9 weeks, with jaundice onset at 3.3 weeks and an average duration of 10.7 weeks. The overall survival rate was 81.6%, while 48% experienced treatment failure. Recovery rates were significantly associated with younger age at diagnosis (p=0.000), shorter jaundice duration (p=0.002), and absence of portal hypertension (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in improving BA outcomes. Future research should focus on optimizing treatment strategies to enhance long-term survival.

PMID:40709426 | DOI:10.4166/kjg.2025.020

Int J Cosmet Sci. 2025 Jul 25. doi: 10.1111/ics.70010. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Despite accumulating data supporting the effectiveness of colloidal oatmeal-based moisturizers in improving mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis (AD), evidence in paediatric populations is limited. This study evaluated the tolerability and effectiveness of a colloidal oatmeal-containing baby wash formulation in babies prone to AD, based on clinical and parental assessments.

METHODS: In this 4-week, single-centre, nonrandomized study of babies (3-36 months) prone to AD (per an AD-prone skin recruiting questionnaire developed in-house), parents/legal guardians used the baby wash on their babies ≥3 times per week (no more than once daily), each bath lasting ≤20 min. The overall skin condition (scored from 0/excellent to 3/poor) and cutaneous tolerance scoring of dryness, redness/erythema, rash/irritation and tactile roughness on the baby’s face, arms, legs and torso (each scored from 0/none to 3/severe) were assessed clinically at baseline, Week 1 and Week 4. Cutaneous tolerance scoring of burning/stinging and itching on those body sites was evaluated by the parent per the latter scale at all visits. At study end, the parental questionnaire evaluated the level of agreement/disagreement with statements regarding the baby wash. Safety measures included adverse events and changes in health (per the parents or clinicians).

RESULTS: Of 29 infant-parent pairs enrolled, 24 (82.8%) completed the study. All 24 babies were White/Caucasian; 13 (54.2%) were male. The overall skin condition mean score showed no statistically significant change from baseline (0.54) at Weeks 1 (0.33) and 4 (0.29). Per the investigator-rated cutaneous tolerance scores, >87% of body sites exhibited no dryness, redness/erythema, rash/irritation or tactile roughness at Week 4. For each parameter, significant improvements from baseline were observed at Week 4 for the combined skin sites (p < 0.05). Per the parent-rated cutaneous tolerance scores, nearly all sites had no burning/stinging or itching at Week 4. Itching for the combined sites demonstrated significant improvements from baseline at Week 4 (p < 0.05). The parental questionnaire revealed statistically significantly more favourable experiences with the baby wash than unfavourable experiences. Four babies experienced five mild, treatment-unrelated adverse events.

CONCLUSION: The study findings indicate that the colloidal oatmeal-containing baby wash was well tolerated and effective when used in babies with AD-prone skin.

PMID:40709409 | DOI:10.1111/ics.70010

Eur J Orthod. 2025 Jun 12;47(4):cjaf057. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjaf057.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Gingival recession results from the displacement of the gingival margin apically to the cementoenamel junction. There is unclear evidence regarding the impact of orthodontic treatment on the development of gingival recessions. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in clinical crown length and the development of gingival recession on the labial aspect of the maxillary and mandibular incisors associated with orthodontic treatment and relate these changes to the observed variations in their sagittal inclination.

MATERIALS/METHODS: Eighty-two consecutive subjects treated with fixed orthodontic appliances in both dental arches, possessing high-quality pre- and post-treatment dental casts and lateral cephalometric radiographs, were selected from the archives of a private orthodontic clinic. Incisor clinical crown lengths before and after orthodontic treatment, as well as the presence or absence of recession, were measured using digitized study models. Changes in sagittal inclination were assessed from lateral cephalometric radiographs and categorized as proclination, retroclination, or no change (± 1°). Spearman’s correlation coefficient, one-way analysis of variance, and chi-square tests were utilized for analysis.

RESULTS: The mean change in clinical crown lengths for the maxillary incisors ranged from -0.24 to 0.01 mm, while for the mandibular incisors, it varied from 0.06 to 0.10 mm. The inclination changes were -1.78° and 1.03°, respectively, but no correlations were found between these inclination changes and the clinical crown length alterations. Overall, no statistically significant differences were observed in clinical crown length changes concerning the presence of gingival recession among the proclination, retroclination, and no change groups.

LIMITATIONS: The sample of this study was retrospective and assessments were carried out immediately post-treatment.

CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS: The alteration of incisor inclination during treatment did not appear to impact the changes in labial clinical crown length and the development of gingival recession in this specific sample.

PMID:40709396 | DOI:10.1093/ejo/cjaf057

Pflege. 2025 Jul 25. doi: 10.1024/1012-5302/a001045. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Experienced individual discrimination among nursing professionals with and without migration background: a cross-sectional study Abstract: Background and aims: In Germany only few, mostly qualitative, studies have been conducted on the experiences of discrimination among nursing professionals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the types and reasons of discrimination experienced by nursing professionals on an individual level in their interactions with patients. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted via an online survey in two hospitals and two nursing care facilities in Germany from July to October 2022. The Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS) was used to assess discrimination. Data were analysed descriptively. Results: The study involved 302 nursing professionals with and without a migration background (NPwMB/NPwoMB), of whom 73 had a migration background. NPwMB experienced (almost) all of the experiences surveyed more frequently at least “once a week” or “(almost) daily” than NPwoMB. The differences were not statistically significant. Both NPwMB and NPwoMB attributed their experiences of discrimination to their gender and age. In addition, NPwMB experienced discrimination on the basis of ethnic origin. Conclusions: The results suggest that NPwMB and NPwoMB experience high levels of discrimination in their interactions with patients for a variety of reasons. To confirm and contextualize the results, further studies (including qualitative ones) are needed. This study can serve as a basis for future research.

PMID:40709380 | DOI:10.1024/1012-5302/a001045

PM R. 2025 Jul 25. doi: 10.1002/pmrj.13417. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the comparative clinical efficacy and acceptability of different intensity levels of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in adults with plantar heel pain (PHP). TYPE: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.

LITERATURE SURVEY: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library electronic databases and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials from inception to March 2024.

METHODOLOGY: We included placebo-controlled and head-to-head trials of different intensity levels of ESWT used to treat adults with PHP. Data were extracted following a predefined hierarchy. We assessed the studies’ risk of bias in according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the certainty of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Primary outcomes were efficacy (success rate) and acceptability (all-course discontinuation rate). Secondary outcomes were pain and function scores changes. All interventions were ranked using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve to determine the hierarchy of treatment.

SYNTHESIS: 22 RCTs comprising 2299 participants met the inclusion criteria. In terms of efficacy, all intensity levels of ESWT were more effective than placebo, with ORs ranging from 2.29 (95% CI 1.39-3.76) for medium intensity M-ESWT (M-ESWT) to 5.50 (95% CI 1.00-30.29) for low intensity ESWT (L-ESWT). In terms of acceptability, there was no statistically significant difference between all intensity levels of ESWT and placebo, with ORs ranging from 0.83 (0.47-1.45) for M-ESWT to 1.42 (0.19-10.71) for L-ESWT. For pain relief, only M-ESWT and H-ESWT were superior to placebo (SMD -0.60, 95% CI -0.94 to -0.26; SMD -0.28, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.11), whereas there was no difference between them (p = .05). For function improved, there was no statistically significant difference between all intensity levels of ESWT and placebo (range of ORs 1.02-3.44). In contrast, there were no significant differences among the intensity levels in all outcomes. Of the 22 trials, 7 (32%) were assessed as high risk, and the rest (68%) were assessed as unclear risk. The certainty of evidence was low to very low.

CONCLUSION: Compared to the placebo, all intensity levels of ESWT were more favorable in terms of efficacy, but there was no difference in terms of acceptability. In addition, M-ESWT appeared to provide additional benefits in pain and function for patients with PHP compared to the other intensity levels. The results provide an evidence-based basis for considering ESWT as an alternative for patients with PHP for whom conservative treatment is not effective, and also highlight future research priorities to providing more decision-making for the clinical management of PHP.

PMID:40709373 | DOI:10.1002/pmrj.13417