Category: Nevin Manimala

Eur J Dent. 2021 Dec 22. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1735910. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: We examined if the association of ibuprofen with arginine has a better anti-inflammatory effect on pain, edema, and trismus after surgery of the impacted mandibular third molar than ibuprofen alone.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 21 patients, 18 to 30 years of age, each with an impacted, and bilateral and symmetric third molar (total n = 21) that required transalveolar extraction. Patients were randomly assigned numbers from 1 to 21. Group A received ibuprofen-arginine as preoperative medication, while Group B received only ibuprofen. Both groups received the same postoperative medications: amoxicillin + acetaminophen. All patients were evaluated for pain at 6, 12, and 24 hours. They were evaluated for edema and trismus before surgery; immediately after surgery; and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively. Postoperative pain scores used the visual analog scale (BS-11). For facial edema and trismus, linear measurements used the method modified by Gabka and Matsumura.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: For the evaluation of data between Group A and Group B, we used the statistical software SPSS version 22. The Shapiro-Wilk, analysis of variance, the Bonferroni comparisons, and the Wilcoxon test were used. All tests were based on a significance level of 0.05.

RESULTS: The study results reveal that the facial edema scores of Group A and Group B presented statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), while for postoperative trismus, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the scores of Group A and Group B.

CONCLUSION: As a conclusion, we can state that the use of ibuprofen-arginine allows for significantly better control of pain and edema, and shows a tendency toward better recovery from trismus, although without statistical significance. Based on this, we can assert that arginine improves the anti-inflammatory power of ibuprofen, thus generating better tissue healing after surgery of the impacted third molar.

PMID:34937107 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1735910

Eur J Dent. 2021 Dec 22. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1735934. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of the XP-Endo Shaper (XPS), associated with chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in two different formulations: gel (G) or liquid (L).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty XPS were used in an artificial stainless-steel canal, and the files were fully immersed in the irrigating solution throughout the experiment until the fracture. The files were divided into six groups (n = 10) based on the irrigation solution used: NaOCl(L), NaOCl(G), CHX(L), CHX(G), natrosol gel (NAT) (control), and lubricating oil (LO) (control). The artificial canal was manufactured 1.5 mm wide, 20 mm long, and, 3.5 mm deep with a straight cervical segment measuring 14.29 mm; an apical segment of 4.71 mm with 3 mm radius; and 90 degrees of curvature apical 1 mm long straight segment. Resistance to cyclic fatigue was determined by recording the number of cycles to fracture (NCF).

RESULTS: The CHX(G), CHX(L), and OIL (LO) groups showed no significant difference between them and presented longer time to fracture (p > 0.05). NaOCl(L) shows the lowest NCF without significant differences between NaOCl(G) and NAT. The NCF of the NaOCl(G) was statistically similar to the CHX(L) and statistically lower than the CHX(G) and OIL groups. NAT did not present a statistical difference of the NaOCl(L), NaOCl(G), and presented a significantly lower NCF than the CHX(G) (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION: The use of CHX(G) resulted in increased cyclic fatigue resistance of the XPS instruments compared to NaOCl or LO.

PMID:34937108 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1735934

Eur J Dent. 2021 Dec 22. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1735930. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) activation is an important factor in triggering the initial release of blood-derived growth factors from platelets. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) can be expressed by human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and plays an important role in dental pulp angiogenesis. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of calcium gluconate on PRP activation in hDPSC VEGF-A expression.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two types of PRP and their corresponding activators were analyzed in this study: PRP (activated using calcium chloride/CaCl₂) and PRP-T (activated using CaCl₂ with the addition of 10% calcium gluconate). hDPSCs were obtained by using an out-growth method (DPSCs-OG), and harvest between the fifth and sixth passages, then cultured in three different media groups: control, PRP, and PRP-T, which were planted in 96 wells (5 × 10³ each well). The VEGF-A expression of hDPSCs was analyzed by using an ELISA test and observed at 24, 48, and 72 hours.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: This study was performed by using one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) test.

RESULTS: There were significant differences between all groups (p < 0.05) at 48 and 72 hours of observations, and no significant differences in the PRP and PRP-T groups at 48 and 72 hours of observations (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: PRP and PRP-T were equally effective in inducing VEGF-A expression of hDPSCs.

PMID:34937106 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1735930

Eur J Dent. 2021 Dec 22. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1736591. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Oral candidiasis is an infection caused by pathogenic fungi Candida albicans, with a considerably high prevalence of 20 to 72%. Indian camphorweed (Pluchea indica) also known as “beluntas” as the local name has been known as a traditional medicine in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to research the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of beluntas ethanolic extract against the growth of C. albicans.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MIC and MFC were measured by microdilution assay and total plate count respectively with a variation of solvents (DMSO 1%, 10%, and 4%) and beluntas extract with concentrations between 0.3125 and 200 mg/mL. Amphotericin and nystatin were used as a comparison.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: One-way analysis of variance and posthoc Tukey test were used to determine the significant difference between treatments.

RESULTS: It was found that the MIC ranged from 50 to 200 mg/mL in the test with DMSO 10% solvent and MFC was found to be at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. However, there is a significant inhibitory effect and killing effect from DMSO 10% against C. albicans (p = 0.000). MIC was also found within concentrations of 100 mg/mL of beluntas extract in DMSO 4%. In this study, the DMSO 4% concentration neither showed significant inhibitory effects nor killing effects; therefore, the result was acceptable (p = 0.357).

CONCLUSION: Ethanol extract of beluntas (P. Indica) has the potential of being an antifungal agent with inhibitory activity in concentrations ≥100 mg/mL, which is similar to nystatin (p = 0.278). The MFC for the extract was above 100 mg/mL, which cannot be measured with this method as a higher concentration of DMSO is needed, which had a toxic effect on the tested fungi.

PMID:34937105 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1736591

Eur J Dent. 2021 Dec 22. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1739446. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward early childhood caries (ECC) in a group of Qatari parents and to assess the association of sociodemographic factors on their KAP.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study which was based on a piloted self-administered questionnaire was conveniently distributed to parents who attended the Pediatric Dentistry Section, Hamad Dental Center (HDC), Doha, Qatar. The questionnaire comprised four parts which asked about sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. A score for each domain was given based on the percentage of correct answers.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive and analytical statistics were employed. For descriptive statistics, frequency of distribution in relation to sociodemographic characteristics and responses to items of the questionnaire were presented. For analytical statistics, associations between independent variables and KAP were employed using Chi-squared tests.

RESULTS: The overall mean scores of KAP were 60.8%, 65.6% and 72.7%, respectively. Females had significantly higher percentages of correct answers than males (p = 0.001). Only 20% of females had poor knowledge, while it was 40% in males. Parents with university or higher degrees had significantly higher percentage of good attitudes than parents with preparatory or less education (p = 0.05). Areas that necessitated improvement by parents included the following: the amount of toothpaste needed for brushing, signs of tooth demineralization, bacteria that causes tooth decay can be transmitted from mother to her child, and tooth decay can be transmitted by sharing utensils (i.e., spoons, forks).

CONCLUSIONS: The overall KAP of parents toward ECC was relatively fair. However, certain socioeconomic factors (SEF) seemed to influence each domain, and areas of improvement are needed. Areas of improvement are needed in each domain. Mothers were significantly more knowledgeable than fathers regarding oral health issues of their children. Highly educated parents demonstrated better attitudes than the less educated. Continuous educational programs coordinated by health regulatory bodies should be introduced to improve parents’ KAP regarding ECC risk factors and prevention.

PMID:34937104 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1739446

Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2021 Dec 23:hyab196. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyab196. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leakage is one of the most severe and critical complications of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer. However, definitive preoperative predictors of anastomotic leakage remain elusive. With the ageing of society, the number of colorectal cancer patients with arteriosclerotic disease in Japan is increasing. This study was performed to evaluate the correlation between preoperative arteriosclerosis and anastomotic leakage.

METHODS: In total, 98 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer with reconstruction using the double-stapling technique without diversion of the stoma were enrolled in the study. Preoperative assessment of arteriosclerotic disease was performed by abdominal computed tomography. The calcification volume percentage of the aorta between the level of the celiac artery root and aortic bifurcation was calculated using ZIOstation2 software, and the relationship between arteriosclerosis and anastomotic leakage was analysed.

RESULTS: Among 98 cases, anastomotic leakage was observed in 16 (16.3%). The median calcification volume percentage (range) was 2.35% (0-40.3%). Age, male sex, hypertension, dissection number, estimated glomerular filtration rate and tumour location were correlated with anastomotic leakage on statistical analysis. Statistical analysis showed that calcification volume percentage was one of the robust risk factors for anastomotic leakage (odds ratio: 1.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.17, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: Calcification of the abdominal aorta may be a promising predictor of AL after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer reconstruction using the double-stapling technique.

PMID:34937089 | DOI:10.1093/jjco/hyab196

Z Orthop Unfall. 2021 Dec 22. doi: 10.1055/a-1647-3914. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The human bone structure changes with an increase in age. Both material and structural properties affect bone strength. Despite the ageing of society, however, hardly any data are available on these parameters for elderly individuals. Therefore, in the present study, cancellous bone cylinders were taken from the center of each vertebral body (C3 to L5) and examined with regard to bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, separation, number of trabeculae, cross-linking, connectivity density and degree of anisotropy.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Samples were obtained from 440 body donors using a Jamshidi needle and analysed using microcomputed tomography. Existing deformities, fractures and bone mineral density of each vertebra were recorded by quantitative computed tomography.

RESULTS: With regard to the microcomputed tomography parameters, statistically significant differences were found between the different sections of the vertebrae: the trabeculae of the cervical vertebrae were significantly thicker and more closely spaced than in the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. The bone volume fraction was significantly higher in this spinal segment, as was the connection density and the number of trabeculae and cross-links. In addition, the degree of anisotropy was significantly lower in the cervical vertebrae than in the other spinal segments. With regard to quantitative computed tomography, there was a significantly higher bone mineral density in the cervical vertebrae.

CONCLUSION: Even with osteoporosis, cervical vertebrae fracture significantly later than thoracic and lumbar vertebrae due to their unique microarchitecture and higher density. Thus, the cervical vertebrae has specific properties.

PMID:34937100 | DOI:10.1055/a-1647-3914

PLoS One. 2021 Dec 22;16(12):e0261496. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261496. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Clinical studies on the efficacy of sonic toothbrushes show inconsistent results, most studies have been conducted without sufficient supervision of appropriate toothbrush usage. Aims of the explorative clinical trial were therefore to investigate whether the usage of an activated sonic toothbrush reduces plaque more effectively than an inactivated one used as a manual toothbrush, and to which extent the correct use of such toothbrush plays a role in its efficacy. The clinical trial was designed as a video-controlled interventional study. Thirty participants (mean (±SD) age 22.9 (±2.5) years) were included, areas of interest were the buccal surfaces of the upper premolars and the first molar (partial mouth recording). Toothbrushing was performed without toothpaste in a single brushing exercise under four different conditions: switched off, habitually used as manual toothbrush, no instruction; switched on, habitually used as powered toothbrush, no instruction; switched off, used as manual toothbrush, instruction in the Modified Bass Technique; switched on, used as powered toothbrush, instruction in a specific technique for sonic toothbrushes. Brushing performance was controlled by videotaping, plaque was assessed at baseline (after 4 days without toothbrushing) using the Rustogi modified Navy-Plaque-Index and planimetry. Main study results were that plaque decreased distinctly after habitual brushing regardless of using the sonic brush in ON or OFF mode (p for all comparisons < 0.001). After instruction, participants were able to use the sonic brush in ON mode as intended, with only minor impact on efficacy. Using the toothbrush in OFF mode with the Modified Bass Technique was significantly less effective than all other conditions (p for all comparisons < 0.001). Under the conditions used, the sonic toothbrush was not more effective when switched on than when switched off, and there was no evidence that the correct use of the toothbrush was more effective than the habitual use.

PMID:34937069 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0261496

J Oral Implantol. 2021 Dec 22. doi: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-21-00055. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of (i) the different surgical guide designs and (ii) implant placement location on the accuracy of fully guided implant placement in single edentulous sites using an in vitro study model. Forty-five partially edentulous models were scanned and divided into three groups: group 1, tooth-supported full-arch surgical guide; group 2, three different tooth-supported shortened surgical guides (SSGs); and group 3, tooth-supported full-arch surgical guide with a crossbar. All surgical guides were printed and used for fully guided implant placement. A total of 180 implants (60 per group) were placed, and scanbodies were positioned on all models, and postoperative surface scan files (STL) files were obtained. Superimposition of preoperative and postoperative STL files was performed, and the accuracy of implant position was evaluated. The interaction between group and implant location was statistically significant for angle, 3D offset at the base, and at the tip (p<0.001). The post-hoc tests showed a statistically significantly higher deviation for group 2 compared to group 3 for all outcomes for implants #4 (p<0.05) and #7 (p<0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference in all outcomes between groups 1 and 3 for implant #7 (p<0.05). All surgical guide designs presented satisfactory performance with clinically acceptable levels of deviation. However, SSGs presented higher accuracy for guided implant placement in a single-edentulous site, whereas a full-arch surgical guide with a crossbar presented superior outcomes when two or more guided implants were placed simultaneously.

PMID:34937081 | DOI:10.1563/aaid-joi-D-21-00055

PLoS One. 2021 Dec 22;16(12):e0261176. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261176. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bilateral internal thoracic arteries (BITA) are uncommonly used in the every-day practice due to safety concerns and technical challenges with Y-grafts. We hypothesized that in-situ BITA use during coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG) for two vessel disease is equally safe to standard strategy with left internal thoracic artery-left anterior descending artery revascularization and venous graft to other target vessels.

METHODS: A propensity score matched analysis was used to compare elective on-pump CABG patients who received in-situ BITA (BITA-group), versus left internal thoracic artery graft to the left anterior descending artery plus vein (SITA-group). Primary end points were 30-days all-cause-mortality, major adverse cardiac events and incidents and deep sternal wound infections.

RESULTS: A total of 50 matched pairs (c-statistics 0.769) were selected from patients operated on between January 2015 and April 2020 using BITA (n = 50) and SITA (n = 2170). There were no inter-group differences in demographics and basic clinical characteristics. The total operation time was longer in the BITA-group (4.0 vs 3.6 hours; p = 0.004). The rate of complete revascularization was similar, as was median aortic cross-clamp time, median extracorporeal circulation time, rate of re-explorations for bleeding, deep sternal wound infections or length of stay. One patient died in BITA group, 3 days after surgery, from a non-cardiac cause. After 36 months, the survival rate was 98% for BITA-group and 96% for controls (log-rank, p = 0.577).

CONCLUSIONS: In-situ use of BITA during coronary revascularization for two-vessel disease is as safe and effective, as use of single ITA and vein graft. In-situ strategy abolishes allows to avoid the technically demanding composite graft configuration.

PMID:34937067 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0261176