Category: Nevin Manimala

Oral Health Prev Dent. 2021 Jan 7;19(1):603-608. doi: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b2259135.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of pretreating demineralised enamel with an infiltrant on the margin integrity of Class V like composite restorations on primary teeth bonded with different adhesives.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty specimens from primary molars were demineralised and circular class-V-like cavities were prepared. The cavities were treated with a universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, 3M Oral Care), applied either in self-etch (SE) or etch-and-rinse mode (ER) mode. In groups SE-I and ER-I, the demineralised margins were pretreated with a caries infiltrant (Icon, DMG) prior to adhesive application. The cavities were restored with a nanofilled composite material and thermocycled. Marginal integrity was evaluated using SEM, and the percentage of continuous margin was statistically analysed.

RESULTS: Specimens treated with the caries infiltrant followed by the adhesive showed similar marginal continuity as the adhesive alone.

CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment of demineralised primary enamel with a caries infiltrant before applying a universal adhesive does not influence the marginal integrity of composite fillings.

PMID:34734520 | DOI:10.3290/j.ohpd.b2259135

Neoplasma. 2021 Nov 4:210603N745. doi: 10.4149/neo_2021_210603N745. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Recently, change in the GNG13 expression has been shown to result in multiple congenital malformations and sexual reversal, and it was also found in the brain. The aim of this study was to measure the expression levels in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and breast cancer (BC) and assess their value as a potential prognostic marker. The correlation of GNG13 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 119 EOC and 125 BC tissues. Assessment of the associations between GNG13 levels and various clinicopathological features was identified, the relationship between GNG13 and prognosis in BC and EOC patients was analyzed using online resources of Oncomine and Kaplan-Meier plotter. Protein expression levels of GNG13 were both significantly lower in BC and EOC compared with normal tissues (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Among the clinicopathological characteristics of BC, tumor grade (p = 0.001) and TNM stage (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with low expression of Gng13. While in EOC, low expression of GNG13 was significantly related to FIGO stage (p = 0.001), presence of metastasis (p = 0.001), and CA125 (p = 0.001). Our data suggest that GNG13 expression maybe as a new inhibitor, which can strongly inhibit metastasis and partially attenuates tumor growth in EOC and BC.

PMID:34734529 | DOI:10.4149/neo_2021_210603N745

Oral Health Prev Dent. 2021 Jan 7;19(1):595-602. doi: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b2259111.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: While parents are the primary caregivers, school teachers can play a crucial role in shaping the personality and lifestyle of children during the elementary school years. The aims of this study were to evaluate the oral health knowledge of elementary school teachers and to assess their attitude towards oral health education and its implementation in the elementary school curriculum.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 1200 teachers working in government elementary schools. Data were collected through a structured, self-administered questionnaire consisting of teachers’ demographic data and their responses to knowledge and attitude questions.

RESULTS: A total of 1031 teachers participated in this study, with a response rate of 86%. About two-thirds (66%) of the participants demonstrated high oral health knowledge. Participants’ educational level was statistically significantly associated with their oral health knowledge. Almost all the participants (90%) agreed that oral health education should be included in the elementary school curriculum. More than two-thirds of the participants (74%) showed willingness to participate in online courses to promote oral health among elementary school children.

CONCLUSION: Considering their oral health knowledge, positive attitude, teaching experience, and the fact that they have the potential to reach a large number of children and establish consistency and continuity in providing educational instructions, elementary school teachers should be encouraged to become involved in promoting oral health to elementary school children as a part of the teaching system. Such an approach is a good strategy to improve children’s oral health and therefore reduce the burden of preventable oral diseases – dental caries and periodontal disease – worldwide.

PMID:34734519 | DOI:10.3290/j.ohpd.b2259111

Oral Health Prev Dent. 2021 Jan 7;19(1):579-586. doi: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b2259007.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Dental erosion and childhood obesity are associated with a common risk factor, soft drink consumption. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of dental erosion and its association with obesity among children with and without special healthcare needs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,200 school children (400 children with special needs (CSHN) and 800 children without special needs) in the age group of 6 to 16 years. Dental erosion was diagnosed according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Body mass index (BMI; weight/height in kg/m2) was recorded for each child. The association of dental erosion and obesity was analysed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 331 (27.6%) children presented with dental erosion. Dental erosion prevalence among CSHN was 33.5% and among children without special needs was 24.6%. In the final fully adjusted model, children with obesity presented 2.32 times (95%CI 1.17-4.89, P = 0.001) higher odds ratio (OR) of having dental erosion than normal-weight children. Children who consumed soft drinks ≥ 1 time/day and 2-6 times a week presented with an OR of 2.65 (95%CI 1.23-5.21, P = 0.001) times of dental erosion. Children with chronic vomiting and bulimia presented with a 3.27 (95%CI 1.72-6.12, P = 0.001) times higher OR of dental erosion. Children with gastric reflux presented with a 3.21 (95%CI 1.52 – 5.86, P = 0.001) times higher OR of dental erosion.

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dental erosion was slightly higher for special needs children compared to children without special needs. The study outcome suggests that obesity, chronic vomiting, consumption of soft drinks, and gastric reflux are statistically significantly associated with dental erosion.

PMID:34734517 | DOI:10.3290/j.ohpd.b2259007

Oral Health Prev Dent. 2021 Jan 7;19(1):587-594. doi: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b2259087.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This in-situ-study investigated if rinsing the oral cavity with a calcium containing solution or a fluoride containing mouthwash immediately before an erosive attack leads to reduced enamel softening.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bovine enamel samples (n = 240) with measured baseline surface microhardness (KHN) were assigned to five series (S1-5). Twelve participants carried out each series as follows: Four enamel samples of the associated test series were placed in an intraoral appliance and carried in each participants’ mouth. After 30 min, the participants either rinsed the oral cavity for 60 s with 30 ml of a solution prepared from a 1,000 mg calcium effervescent tablet dissolved in 100 ml water (S2), an 800 mg calcium containing mineral supplement powder (5 g) dissolved in 200 ml water (S3), a fluoride (500 ppm) mouthwash (S4), a fluoride (500 ppm) and stannous chloride (800 ppm) containing mouthwash (S5), or did not rinse with any test solution before the erosive attack (S1, negative control). The participants subsequently rinsed the oral cavity with 100 ml of a soft drink (Sprite Zero) for 60 s to simulate the erosive attack and immediately afterwards with water to stop the erosive process. As final step, surface microhardness was measured a second time and hardness loss (∆KHN) calculated. Differences of ∆KHN between the series were investigated by fitting a mixed effect model to the data set.

RESULTS: The highest loss of microhardness and thus softening of enamel (mean of ∆KHN; lower/upper confidence level) was observed in the negative control (S1: 60.2; 67.6/52.8). While no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) compared to S1 could be found in S2 (50.0; 57.4/42.5) and S3 (54.6; 62.1/47.2), statistically significantly less softening of enamel (P < 0.001) was discovered in S5 (33.8; 41.2/26.4) and S4 (41.8.2; 49.3/34.4). S5 showed the overall lowest values for ∆KHN and thus best protection from enamel softening.

CONCLUSION: Rinsing with a fluoride mouthwash or a fluoride and stannous chloride containing mouthwash immediately before an erosive attack reduces the softening of enamel. None of the investigated calcium-containing solutions was able to reduce erosion induced softening of enamel.

PMID:34734518 | DOI:10.3290/j.ohpd.b2259087

Int J Health Plann Manage. 2021 Nov 3. doi: 10.1002/hpm.3360. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Supplier-induced demand (SID) refers to the concept that healthcare providers may deliver services that are not medically necessary to patients. An estimation of the extent to which this event has occurred can be insightful for policymaking and guiding health and insurance systems. This study aimed to investigate the extent of SID when performing a diagnostic ultrasonography for primary breast cancer patients and its relationship with socioeconomic factors in Iran.

METHODS: Data were obtained using questionnaires from 334 patients referred to the Cancer Research Center. To identify the patients who were candidates for undergoing a necessary diagnostic US, we employed the international clinical guidelines with confirmation of our expert panelists. With their assistance, a comprehensive index was created to screen those ‘most probably affected by SID’.

RESULTS: 55.9% had undergone an unnecessary diagnostic ultrasonography, and thus were most probably affected by SID. A significant association between socioeconomic factors (education, occupation, and supplemental health insurance) and SID was confirmed (p value ≤ 0.001, 0.002, and 0.039, respectively).

CONCLUSION: This study supports the SID hypothesis and the unnecessary demand for diagnostic ultrasonography in primary breast cancer. Also, our evidence indicates imposing excessive costs that can positively influence the policymakers’ decision-making in the healthcare systems.

PMID:34734427 | DOI:10.1002/hpm.3360

Low Urin Tract Symptoms. 2021 Nov 3. doi: 10.1111/luts.12415. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) approaches its 30th anniversary. This ubiquitous clinical assessment tool is a standard in the assessment and research of lower urinary tract symptoms in men. The authors explore its history, development, and subsequent dissemination through validated translations across the world. An estimated global coverage is calculated and mapped according to language population.

METHODS: Embase and Medline literature searches were performed, with further hand searches of grey literature and online resources. Twenty-two abstracts and journal articles validating language translations of the IPSS were reviewed in full and tabulated. Language population data were gathered from an official database and mapped.

RESULTS: The IPSS is available in 53 languages. Twenty-seven languages have statistically or clinically validated translations for use in male patients. This corresponds to a conservative estimate of global population coverage of approximately 2.3 billion men, or 60% of the worldwide male population. Translation methodology involves forward and back translation. Statistical validation is performed with control patients. Cronbach’s alpha is used for internal consistency, and Spearman’s coefficient (p) or Pearson’s coefficient (r) for test-retest reliability. Issues such as the emergence of altered versions deviating from original validated translations and translation difficulties due to cultural differences are observed. Further translational work is needed to validate versions of the IPSS in languages of the developing world.

CONCLUSIONS: The IPSS is the most prevalent patient-administered questionnaire used in urology across the world. There is no other clinical tool seen to have similar coverage. This paper aims to provide a roadmap for future clinical tools to acquire a similar level of translation and dissemination.

PMID:34734477 | DOI:10.1111/luts.12415

Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 3;11(1):21619. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00781-x.

ABSTRACT

High-throughput third-generation nanopore sequencing devices have enormous potential for simultaneously observing epigenetic modifications in human cells over large regions of the genome. However, signals generated by these devices are subject to considerable noise that can lead to unsatisfactory detection performance and hamper downstream analysis. Here we develop a statistical method, CpelNano, for the quantification and analysis of 5mC methylation landscapes using nanopore data. CpelNano takes into account nanopore noise by means of a hidden Markov model (HMM) in which the true but unknown (“hidden”) methylation state is modeled through an Ising probability distribution that is consistent with methylation means and pairwise correlations, whereas nanopore current signals constitute the observed state. It then estimates the associated methylation potential energy function by employing the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and performs differential methylation analysis via permutation-based hypothesis testing. Using simulations and analysis of published data obtained from three human cell lines (GM12878, MCF-10A, and MDA-MB-231), we show that CpelNano can faithfully estimate DNA methylation potential energy landscapes, substantially improving current methods and leading to a powerful tool for the modeling and analysis of epigenetic landscapes using nanopore sequencing data.

PMID:34732768 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-00781-x

Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 3;11(1):21587. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00531-z.

ABSTRACT

Phenotype-based assortative mating is well established in humans, with the potential for further convergence through a shared environment. To assess the correlation within infertile couples of physical, social, and behavioural characteristics and 155 circulating metabolic measures. Cross sectional study at a tertiary medical center of 326 couples undertaking IVF. Serum lipids, lipoprotein subclasses, and low-molecular weight metabolites as quantified by NMR spectroscopy (155 metabolic measures). Multivariable and quantile regression correlations within couples of metabolite profiles. Couples exhibited statistical correlations of varying strength for most physical, social, and behavioural characteristics including age, height, alcohol consumption, education, smoking status, physical activity, family history and ethnicity, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.22 to 0.73. There was no evidence of within couple associations for BMI and weight, where the correlation coefficients were – 0.03 (95% CI – 0.14, 0.08) and 0.01 (95% CI – 0.10, 0.12), respectively. Within spousal associations of the metabolite measurements were all positive but with weak to modest magnitudes, with the median correlation coefficient across all 155 measures being 0.12 (range 0.01-0.37 and interquartile range 0.10-0.18). With just four having associations stronger than 0.3: docosahexaenoic acid (0.37, 95% CI 0.22, 0.52), omega-3 fatty acids (0.32, 95% CI 0.20, 0.43) histidine (0.32, 95% CI 0.23, 0.41) and pyruvate (0.32, 95% CI 0.22, 0.43). Infertile couples exhibit spousal similarities for a range of demographic and serum metabolite measures, supporting initial assortative mating, with diet-derived metabolites suggesting possible subsequent convergence of their individual metabolic profile.

PMID:34732718 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-00531-z

Nat Commun. 2021 Nov 3;12(1):6330. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26692-z.

ABSTRACT

Flash drought is characterized by a period of rapid drought intensification with impacts on agriculture, water resources, ecosystems, and the human environment. Addressing these challenges requires a fundamental understanding of flash drought occurrence. This study identifies global hotspots for flash drought from 1980-2015 via anomalies in evaporative stress and the standardized evaporative stress ratio. Flash drought hotspots exist over Brazil, the Sahel, the Great Rift Valley, and India, with notable local hotspots over the central United States, southwestern Russia, and northeastern China. Six of the fifteen study regions experienced a statistically significant increase in flash drought during 1980-2015. In contrast, three study regions witnessed a significant decline in flash drought frequency. Finally, the results illustrate that multiple pathways of research are needed to further our understanding of the regional drivers of flash drought and the complex interactions between flash drought and socioeconomic impacts.

PMID:34732727 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-26692-z