Category: Nevin Manimala

Anticancer Res. 2021 Mar;41(3):1341-1348. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.14891.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIM: Cancer profiling tests using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens with various conditions have become an essential tool for cancer treatment. The robustness of these tests needs to be addressed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cancer profiling test, NCC oncopanel, was tested with FFPE specimens from various tissues with different storage conditions and fixation lengths. Next generation sequencing was performed with Miseq and the data were assembled using the human reference genome hg19.

RESULTS: Duration of storage and fixation affected the mapping statistics. Prolonged storage increased outward read paring and longer fixation rates caused increased singletons and unmapped reads.

CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that a cancer profiling test with target capturing method, NCC oncopanel, shows robustness for FFPE cancer specimens with various storage conditions.

PMID:33788725 | DOI:10.21873/anticanres.14891

Anticancer Res. 2021 Mar;41(3):1671-1676. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.14930.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIM: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of first-line gemcitabine monotherapy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and its effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared with treatment of physician’s choice (TPC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled 96 patients into the first-line gemcitabine group (n=47) or other treatment of physician’s choice (TPC) group (n=49) from May 2010 to April 2013. HRQoL was evaluated every 4 weeks.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the median time to treatment failure (5.3 vs. 4.6 months, hazard ratio=0.87, p=0.546) and the incidence rates of grade 3/4 haematological toxicity (10.6% vs. 8.1%, p=0.677) and grade 3/4 non-haematological toxicity (4.2% vs. 8.1%, p=0.429) between the gemcitabine and TPC groups. Changes in HRQoL from baseline to 12 weeks were not significantly different.

CONCLUSION: Gemcitabine achieves similar efficacy and HRQoL benefit to other chemotherapy and can be used as first-line treatment for MBC.

PMID:33788764 | DOI:10.21873/anticanres.14930

Exp Oncol. 2021 Mar;43(1):41-45.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To assess the level of erythropoietin (EPO) in blood sera of patients with different subtypes of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) from different risk subgroups and to determine its prognostic role.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: EPO was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in peripheral blood of 54 patients with different MDS subtypes according to the French-American-British (FAB) classification. The comparison group consisted of 15 healthy individuals. Complete blood count (hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet levels) was determined and bone marrow cells were characterized morphologically. The overall and leukemia-free survivals were estimated by Kaplan – Meier method.

RESULTS: The level of ЕРО in MDS was reliably higher in comparison with healthy persons (p < 0.01, Mann – Whitney test). No statistically significant difference was found in serum EPO concentration between the groups of patients with low- and high-risk MDS (603.5 pg/ml vs 721.0 pg/ml; p > 0.05). In transfusion-dependent patients, the level of EPO was significantly higher than in other patients, which may be due to increased endogenous EPO secretion resulting from chronic hypoxia. A negative correlation was revealed between EPO level and Hb level as well as between EPO level and percentage of blast cells in bone marrow in high-risk MDS patients but not in patients with less aggressive variants of MDS. Instead, patients with low-risk MDS had a negative relationship between concentrations of EPO and tumor necrosis factor alpha (p = 0.06, Kendall’s tau test). No significant difference was found between EPO concentration in cases differing by bone marrow cellularity or the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities. An EPO concentration below 200 pg/ml was a predictor of shorter overall survival in patients with all MDS subtypes (p < 0.05, Mann – Whitney test). In patients with all FAB disease subtypes, there was no relationship between the leukemia-free survival and serum EPO concentration.

CONCLUSION: This study shows that lower serum EPO level may be considered as one of the additional adverse prognostic factors in MDS patients.

PMID:33785713

Med Sci Monit. 2021 Mar 31;27:e930349. doi: 10.12659/MSM.930349.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND This study compared the effects of a bean-based and a white rice-based breakfast diet on postprandial glucose and insulin levels in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIAL AND METHODS We recruited 63 patients with T2DM. The patients participated in the randomized 2×2 crossover trial. The bean-based diet group and white rice control group were matched for 50 g of available carbohydrate at breakfast. The patients followed the diets for 3 days. Vein blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after eating. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance. The results are expressed as the mean±standard error of mean (SEM) or as the median with interquartile range values. RESULTS Compared with the white rice control, postprandial glucose was significantly lower with the bean-based diet treatments at 60 min (P=0.004), 120 min (P=0.000), and 180 min (P=0.000). The insulin levels of the bean-based diet group were significantly higher at 60 min (P=0.013). The C-peptide levels of the bean-based diet group were significantly higher at 30 min (P=0.042) and 60 min (P=0.005) postprandial. The glucose area under the curve (AUC) showed a similar trend (P=0.000). There were no statistically significant differences in the AUC of insulin and C-peptide, except C-peptide AUC at 0 to 60 min (P=0.027). CONCLUSIONS Compared with a white rice-based breakfast, a bean-based diet significantly reduced postprandial glucose levels and promoted insulin secretion. These results support a dietary approach to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia.

PMID:33785707 | DOI:10.12659/MSM.930349

Exp Oncol. 2021 Mar;43(1):67-72.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most demanding unresolved issues in oncogynecology. In Ukraine, there are over 3000 new cases of the disease annually. 24.6% of patients die within the first year after diagnosis. It indicates the relevance of developing new and optimizing existing OC treatment programs.

AIM: To analyze the short-term results of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with primary (non-recurrent) advanced serous OC, in comparison with the group of patients after standard cytoreductive surgery (CRS) of high and medium complexity, according to the following indicators: the effect on metabolism, postoperative complications, length of stay in intensive care unit and hospital, timing of adjuvant chemotherapy initiation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases of 35 patients with advanced serous OC who underwent the treatment at the Oncogynecology Department of the National Cancer Institute from December 2018 to April 2020 were analyzed. For the assessment of surgical procedures volumes, a surgical complexity scoring system was used. HIPEC was performed in 20 patients (57.1%), while 15 patients (42.9%) underwent standard CRS.

RESULTS: At the beginning and end of the HIPEC procedure, a shift in acid-base state and the development of hyperthermia were evident. At the end of the 1st day of the postoperative period, statistically significant changes (p < 0.05) were revealed in pH, base excess, body temperature, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels in patients from HIPEC group indicating the development of metabolic acidosis and toxic liver damage. The negative effects of HIPEC developed at the end of the procedure may persist at the end of the first postoperative day. While metabolic acidosis diminishes, the signs of hepatotoxicity persist. Toxic liver damage is the most frequent complication of the postoperative period detected more often (p < 0.05) after HIPEC in comparison with standard CRS. Standard adjuvant chemotherapy began on average in 31.9 ± 4.4 days in HIPEC group and 18.6 ± 1.6 days in CRS group (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained indicate that HIPEC negatively affects metabolism and aggravates the severity of disorders that develop during the CRS phase. The use of HIPEC postpones the initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy, which is probably associated with a longer period of restoration of the functions of organs and systems of patients (in particular, liver function). The feasibility of HIPEC in advanced serous OC treatment requires further research.

PMID:33785709

Exp Oncol. 2021 Mar;43(1):26-30.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tumor drug resistance remains a primary cause of unsuccessful cancer therapy. The search for biological markers of the sensitivity/resistance of malignant neoplasms to drug therapy is an urgent and important task, the solution of which will increase the effectiveness of anticancer chemotherapy.

AIM: To study the relationship between the functional activity (parameters of the phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production) of neutrophils and monocytes in the peripheral blood of rats with transplanted Guerin carcinoma and the degree of its sensitivity to cisplatin (Cpt).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The original and Cpt-resistant variants of Guerin carcinoma were transplanted to female Wistar rats 2.5 months old. The parameters of the phagocytic activity of circulating neutrophils and monocytes were determined by the degree of ingestion of inactivated and FITC-labeled staphylococci using flow cytometry. The number of ROS-generating cells and the intensity of ROS production by phagocytes were determined by flow cytometry using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate.

RESULTS: The growth of both variants of Guerin carcinoma caused a statistically significant decrease in the intensity of neutrophil phagocytosis by more than 47% with a tendency to the reduction of the intensity of phagocytosis by monocytes. The phagocytic activity of circulating neutrophils and monocytes did not differ significantly between the groups of animals with the original and Cpt-resistant variant of Guerin carcinoma. In contrast, the intensity of ROS generation by both monocytes and neutrophils in the peripheral blood of animals with Cpt-resistant tumor increased by more than 86% as compared to original carcinoma-bearing rats.

CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that the intensity of ROS production by circulating monocytes and neutrophils may reflect the degree of tumor sensitivity to Cpt. Increased intensity of ROS production could serve as a pretreatment predictor of the formation of tumor drug resistance.

PMID:33785711

J Public Health Manag Pract. 2021 May-Jun 01;27(Suppl 3):S164-S167. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001318.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Electronic-cigarette use, or vaping, among youth has increased substantially in recent years. Tobacco smoking shows a strong association with other risk behaviors, but the association between vaping and other risk behaviors has rarely been explored. We examine the relationship between youth vaping and substance use, risky driving behaviors, and lack of bicycle helmet use.

PROGRAM: Data from the 2015 and 2017 New Mexico Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey were analyzed to evaluate the association between the use of e-cigarettes and other youth risk behaviors. Study participants were high school students, grades 9 to 12. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

EVALUATION: A majority of students reported ever using e-cigarettes (54%). In 2015, e-cigarette users were more likely than nonusers to be Hispanic (65% vs 54%, P ≤ .001) and 16 years of age or older (58% vs 42%, P = .018). We found strong, statistically significant associations between e-cigarette use and not wearing a bicycle helmet (OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.95-3.51), texting while driving (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.79-2.66), driving after drinking (OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.61-5.40), current marijuana use (OR = 6.38, 95% CI: 4.65-8.76), current painkiller use (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.63-3.77), and current heroin use (OR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06-0.33). Driving after drinking was not significantly associated with e-cigarette use in 2017.

DISCUSSION: E-cigarette use is associated with multiple other risk behaviors among youth. Further research should focus on environmental and policy efforts to reduce access to e-cigarettes by youth as well as interventions that address the underlying causes of the constellation of risk behaviors.

PMID:33785690 | DOI:10.1097/PHH.0000000000001318

J Public Health Manag Pract. 2021 May-Jun 01;27(Suppl 3):S186-S190. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001317.

ABSTRACT

The United States continues to battle the addiction and overdose deaths with the opioid epidemic. Prescription opioids are responsible for more than half of these deaths. This before-after study was conducted to assess the effect of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) opioid prescription guidelines. Data were abstracted from electronic health records of adult patients presenting with low back pain seen in the emergency department during the study period. SAS statistical software was used to compare opioid prescription practices before and after the intervention. A total of 1006 patients were included in the analysis. Opioid prescriptions decreased by 11% post-CDC guidelines (45% vs 34%). Of patients receiving opioids (n = 383), there was a 6% reduction in the number of days (<5 days) for which opioids were prescribed post-CDC guidelines (14% vs 8%). CDC guidelines on opioid prescribing were associated with a significant reduction in opioid prescribing in terms of both quantity and length of time prescribed. Public health policies as guidelines may positively influence provider decision making and behaviors.

PMID:33785694 | DOI:10.1097/PHH.0000000000001317

Korean J Pain. 2021 Apr 1;34(2):217-228. doi: 10.3344/kjp.2021.34.2.217.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in chronic low back pain and neuropathic pain.

METHODS: Seventy-four patients aged 18-65 with chronic low back pain were included in the study. Baseline measurements were performed, and patients were randomized into three groups. The first group received burst TENS (bTENS), the second group conventional TENS (cTENS), and the third group placebo TENS (pTENS), all over 15 sessions. Patients’ visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were evaluated before treatment (preT), immediately after treatment (postT), and in the third month after treatment (postT3). Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions (DN4), the Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (MOS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and sympathetic skin response (SSR) values were also evaluated preT and postT3.

RESULTS: A statistically significant improvement was observed in mean VAS scores postT compared to preT in all three groups. Intergroup comparison revealed a significant difference between preT and postT values, that difference being assessed in favor of bTENS at multiple comparison analysis. Although significant improvement was determined in neuropathic pain DN4 scores measured at postT3 compared to preT in all groups, there was no significant difference between the groups. No statistically significant difference was also observed between the groups in terms of MOS, BDI, or SSR values at postT3 (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: bTENS therapy in patients with low back pain is an effective and safe method that can be employed in short-term pain control.

PMID:33785674 | DOI:10.3344/kjp.2021.34.2.217

BMJ Mil Health. 2021 Mar 30:bmjmilitary-2021-001814. doi: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2021-001814. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:33785585 | DOI:10.1136/bmjmilitary-2021-001814