Category: Nevin Manimala

Res Vet Sci. 2022 Jan 24;144:108-114. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.01.017. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Horses preparation for competition may cause psychological and physical stress. Physical vascular therapy BEMER® is reported to increase vasomotion and microcirculation, supporting body healing. This study aimed at assessing whether BEMER® physical vascular therapy in horses influences recovery rate of hematological and biochemical blood parameters within 1 h after moderate exercise and reduces stress measured by physiological and behavioral indicators. This prospective, randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study included twelve warmblood horses (3 mares, 8 geldings, 1 stallion). Additionally to their daily work, horses were subjected to 15 min of exercise on a longe. Horses were randomly divided in two groups: A (n = 6), B (n = 6). Group A underwent first to BEMER® blanket for two weeks, then to Placebo blanket for two weeks. Group B did the opposite. Blood samples, thermographic infrared images, Heart Rate Variability and behavior were analyzed. ANOVA was used to investigate any treatment effect. After two weeks of treatment, although not statistically significant, hematocrit (%) measured immediately post exercise was lower in horses undergoing BEMER® treatment (48.30% ± 3.21) than both No blanket (51.15% ± 3.57) and Placebo blanket (49.58% ± 5.77). While wearing BEMER® blanket and after treatment, horses had a lower LF/HF ratio compared to other groups, although this difference was not statistically significant. These results possibly suggest an effect of BEMER® therapy on vagal activity and relaxation. Substantial progress in recovery after exercise was not confirmed, leading to the need for further investigation on the overall effect of BEMER® therapy.

PMID:35114491 | DOI:10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.01.017

J Surg Res. 2022 Jan 31;274:9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.12.025. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Currently, standard practice is to use the continuous suturing technique on the bronchial anastomosis during lung transplantation. This study used a large cohort to investigate and contrast continuous and interrupted suturing techniques, comparing survival outcomes and occurrence of postoperative bronchial complications to examine if utilization of interrupted suturing has merit.

METHODS: Survival outcomes of 740 single-center lung transplant recipients over 8 y (February 2012-March 2020) were compared by suturing techniques: either continuous or interrupted at the bronchial anastomosis. Clinical parameters and demographics were compared between two suturing groups, with P values < 0.05 considered significant. The groups were compared for postoperative morbidity, including need for bronchial interventions. Survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. Cox regression analysis was run with statistically significant variables to study association with survival.

RESULTS: Of the 740 patients, 462 received the continuous suturing technique and 278 received the interrupted suturing technique. Most demographic and clinical data were not statistically significant between the two groups, and those that were significant were not associated with worse survival outcomes, with the exception of the variable diagnosis. Bronchial complications were comparable between the continuous and interrupted groups (12.6% versus 10.4%, P = 0.382). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.12). The Kaplan-Meier curve showed comparable survival between groups (P = 0.98), and Cox regression analysis showed that only diagnosis, bronchial complications, and ECMO utilization were associated with different survival outcomes. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder was shown to be associated with more favorable survival outcomes as opposed to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the category “other”. The need for ECMO and the occurrence of a bronchial complication were also associated with worse survival outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques showed reasonable post-transplant outcomes, as our study demonstrated similar survival outcomes and bronchial complication rates.

PMID:35114484 | DOI:10.1016/j.jss.2021.12.025

Nurse Educ Today. 2022 Jan 14;110:105263. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105263. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Incivility within nursing is professionally unacceptable. Little research exists regarding student nurses’ experiences with incivility from healthcare professionals and others within the clinical environment and particularly within a Canadian context.

AIM: To describe the incidence and perceptions of incivility experienced by undergraduate nursing students from healthcare professionals and others within clinical practice.

METHOD: This descriptive study used an electronic survey and was conducted at an eastern Canadian university. Descriptive statistics were applied.

RESULTS: Of 650 nursing students invited to participate in the study, 260 surveys were fully completed. Of these, 70% of respondents indicated experiencing incivility, mostly in acute care settings. Registered nurses and licensed practical nurses were the major offenders. Discourteous gestures and condescending remarks were the most frequently experienced uncivil acts, resulting in feelings of high anxiety and inadequacy. Participants coped by avoiding communication with the perpetrator. Incivility was rarely reported because of a belief it would be fruitless to do so, lack of awareness of policies and fear of retaliation.

CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students experience incivility frequently in clinical practice with serious consequences. Recommendations arising from this study encourage educators and healthcare leaders to collaborate to review, implement and evaluate curricula, policies and processes to address incivility.

PMID:35114439 | DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105263

Nurse Educ Today. 2022 Jan 26;110:105278. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105278. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Caring for patients with wounds requires diverse competences from nursing professionals. However, wound care education in undergraduate nursing education is often fragmented and lacks consistent learning goals and content.

OBJECTIVES: To create learning goals and content for wound care education in Bachelor’s level nursing education in Finland and to assess the consensus relating to these learning goals and content among wound care experts.

DESIGN: A consensus-building approach using the Delphi technique.

SETTINGS: A Delphi panel of wound care experts built on an online platform.

PARTICIPANTS: The participants of the Delphi panel were registered nurses, authorised wound care nurses, nurse educators and physicians.

METHODS: Learning goals and content for wound care education which had been formulated on the basis of previous focus-group interviews were presented to the Delphi panel. The data were collected in 2021 with two online Delphi rounds: 51 panellists participated in the first round and 36 in the second round. The data were analysed using statistical and qualitative analysis.

RESULTS: Learning goals and content were divided into four competence areas: 1) Anatomy and physiology, 2) Care of chronic and acute wounds, 3) Wound management and care of a patient with a wound, 4) Values and attitudes. These competence areas comprised 26 learning goals and 29 pieces of content. The consensus between the panellists was high, at >90% in all competence areas.

CONCLUSIONS: The basis of registered nurses’ wound care competence is built during their undergraduate nursing studies. The results of this study can be used to standardise wound care education by implementing consistent learning goals and content in Bachelor’s level nursing education.

PMID:35114440 | DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105278

Ophthalmol Retina. 2022 Jan 31:S2468-6530(22)00038-0. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2022.01.016. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Retinal detachment (RD) is associated with poor visual outcome in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN). This research was undertaken to assess risk factors for RD in ARN.

DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study SUBJECTS: Patients diagnosed with ARN at a tertiary referral center from 2010-2020.

METHODS: Chart review was performed for all clinical and surgical encounters. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis of demographic and clinical variables associated with RD was performed. Survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier estimates were performed to compare time to RD in HSV- and VZV-associated ARN.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic information, clinical information including visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), intraocular inflammation level, extent of retinitis, incidence and timing of retinal detachment, date of diagnosis, and treatments performed including intravitreal injections of antiviral medications.

RESULTS: Fifty-four eyes of 47 patients who were diagnosed with ARN were included with equal proportions of eyes (27, 50%) with VZV-ARN and HSV-ARN. Subjects with VZV-ARN were on average older, more likely to be male, and more likely to be immunosuppressed compared with subjects with HSV-ARN. Clinical characteristics were similar between eyes with VZV- and HSV-ARN, including initial visual acuity (VA), initial IOP, anterior segment inflammation, clock hours and posterior extent of retinitis. In univariate analysis of clinical and demographic variables associated with development of RD, initial VA (p = 0.0083) and greater clock hours of retinitis (p = 0.009) were significantly associated with RD. These two variables remained significant in multivariate logistic regression; worse VA at presentation had an odds ratio of 2.34 (95% CI: 1.01 – 5.44) (p = 0.042) and greater clock hours of retinitis had an odds ratio of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.02 – 1.47) (p = 0.025). Kaplan Meier survival analysis demonstrated no statistical difference in RD-free survival between HSV- and VZV-ARN.

CONCLUSION: Patients with VZV-ARN were more likely to be older, male, and immunosuppressed compared to HSV-ARN although no clear difference was observed in RD by viral etiology. Poor initial VA and clock-hours of retinitis were significantly associated with RD development and may be relevant for patient counseling and prognosis.

PMID:35114414 | DOI:10.1016/j.oret.2022.01.016

J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Jan 31:S2468-7855(22)00030-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.01.014. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: As a plethora of graft materials have become available in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery to replace bony defects, there is an increased demand to understand different patients’ preferences towards various graft materials and other contributing variables that led to their decision.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of religious beliefs on the selection of different grafts used in oral and maxillofacial surgery and to deliver a better, more specific, and individualized treatment plan considering various religious backgrounds.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A self-administered anonymous questionnaire with a cross-sectional design was completed by 563 of 577 participants. It was a sociodemographic questionnaire concerning the acceptance and rejection of all types of bone grafts, including intraoral autografts, extraoral autografts, allografts, porcine xenografts, bovine xenografts, and alloplasts. The data included predisposing factors such as gender, age, and religion, as well as enabling factors such as education level and employment status.

RESULTS: The porcine xenograft (63.1%) had the highest percentage of rejection, followed by bovine xenograft (41%), allografts (13.5%), alloplasts (10.5%), extraoral autografts (6.2%), and intraoral autografts (5.7%). Xenografts were rejected due to conflicts with the participants’ religious beliefs. Sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, age, education level, and employment status had no statistical influence.

CONCLUSION: Xenograft selection was found to have a statistically significant relationship with religious beliefs, unlike other types of bone grafts.

PMID:35114425 | DOI:10.1016/j.jormas.2022.01.014

Methods. 2022 Jan 31:S1046-2023(22)00014-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.01.008. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Elucidating the mechanisms of Compound-Protein Interactions (CPIs) plays an essential role in drug discovery and development. Many computational efforts have been done to accelerate the field development. However, current predictive performance is still not satisfactory, and existing methods consider only protein and compound features, ignoring their interactive information. In this study, we propose a multi-view deep learning method named MDL-CPI for CPI prediction. To sufficiently extract discriminative information, we introduce a hybrid architecture that leverages BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) and CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) to extract protein features from a sequential perspective, uses the GNN (Graph Neural Networks) to extract compound features from a structural perspective, and generates a unified feature space using AE2 network to learn the interactive information between BERT-CNN and Graph embeddings. Comparative results on benchmark datasets show that our proposed method exhibits better performance compared to existing CPI prediction methods, demonstrating strong predictive ability of our model. Importantly, we demonstrate that the learned interactive information between compounds and proteins is critical to improving predictive performance. To facilitate the use of our method, we release our source code and dataset at: https://github.com/Longwt123/MDL-CPI.

PMID:35114401 | DOI:10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.01.008

J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2022 Jan 31:S1051-0443(22)00029-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.01.010. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study sought to define the gender-related differences in attitudes, perceptions, and aspirations among trainees interested in interventional radiology (IR) and analyze their experiences in research and mentorship.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among members of the Society of Interventional Radiology Resident, Fellow and Student section and Medical Student Section in the summer of 2020. The anonymous, internally validated 27-item survey assessed demographics, research attitudes and experiences, mentorship, and career aspirations. Descriptive statistics were calculated using Fischer’s exact analyses and student’s t-tests. The Institutional Review Board approved the protocols for this study.

RESULTS: Of the 105 respondents who indicated their gender, 30% were women and 70% were men. Although both genders reported similar levels of research experience, female trainees were less likely to feel valued and encouraged by their institution to engage in research (2.79 vs. 3.16 out of 4, p=0.02) and were less likely to indicate that their program requires them to participate in research (2.47 vs. 3.06, p=0.01). Female residents and fellows reported more difficulty in finding a mentor (2.88 vs. 3.28, p=0.04) and received less mentorship relating to IR education (29% vs. 64%, p=0.002).

CONCLUSION: This work provides perspective on the obstacles faced by female trainees in pursuing research and finding effective mentorship in the field of interventional radiology. This data may guide future interventions to boost interest and engagement in IR research and residency programs in a way that promotes gender diversity and equity in the field.

PMID:35114399 | DOI:10.1016/j.jvir.2022.01.010

New Phytol. 2022 Feb 3. doi: 10.1111/nph.18014. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Stable isotope abundances convey valuable information about plant physiological processes and underlying environmental controls. Central gaps in our mechanistic understanding of hydrogen isotope abundances impede their widespread application within the plant and biogeosciences. To address these gaps, we analysed intramolecular deuterium abundances in glucose of Pinus nigra extracted from an annually resolved tree-ring series (1961 to 1995). We found fractionation signals (i.e., temporal variability in deuterium abundance) at glucose H¹ and H² introduced by closely related metabolic processes. Regression analysis indicates that these signals (and thus metabolism) respond to drought and atmospheric CO₂ concentration beyond a response change point. They explain ≈60% of the whole-molecule deuterium variability. Altered metabolism is associated with below-average yet not exceptionally low growth. We propose the signals are introduced at the leaf-level by changes in sucrose-to-starch carbon partitioning and anaplerotic carbon flux into the Calvin-Benson cycle. In conclusion, metabolism can be the main driver of hydrogen isotope variation in plant glucose.

PMID:35114006 | DOI:10.1111/nph.18014

PLoS One. 2022 Feb 3;17(2):e0263522. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263522. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Candida-related infections are nowadays a serious Public Health Problem emerging multidrug-resistant strains. Candida biofilm also leads bloodstream infections to invasive systemic infections.

OBJECTIVE: The present meta-analysis aimed to analyze Candida biofilm rate, type, and antifungal resistance among hospitalized patients between 1995 and 2020.

DATA SOURCES: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched for English papers using the following medical subject heading terms (MESH): “invasive candidiasis”; “bloodstream infections”; “biofilm formation”; “biofilm-related infections”; “mortality”; and “prevalence”.

STUDY SELECTION: The major inclusion criteria included reporting the rate of biofilm formation and the prevalence of biofilm-related to Candida species, including observational studies (more exactly, cohort, retrospective, and case-control studies). Furthermore, data regarding the mortality rate, the geographical location of the study set, and the use of anti-fungal agents in clinical isolates were also extracted from the studies.

DATA EXTRACTION: Independent extraction of articles by 2 authors using predefined data fields, including study quality indicators.

DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 31 studies from publicly available databases met our inclusion criteria. The biofilm formation in the data set varied greatly from 16 to 100% in blood samples. Most of the studies belonged to Europe (17/31) and Asia (9/31). Forest plot showed a pooled rate of biofilm formation of 80.0% (CI: 67-90), with high heterogeneity (Q = 2567.45, I2 = 98.83, τ2 = 0.150) in random effects model (p < 0.001). The funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression test failed to find publication bias (p = 0.896). The mortality rate in Candida-related bloodstream infections was 37.9% of which 70.0% were from biofilm-associated infections. Furthermore, Candida isolates were also characterized in low, intermediate, or high biofilm formers through their level of biofilm mass (crystal violet staining or XTT assays) after a 24h growth. When comparing between countries, statistical differences were obtained (p = 0.0074), showing the lower and higher biofilm prevalence values in Italy and Spain, respectively. The prevalence of low, intermediate, and high biofilms were 36.2, 18.9, and 35.0% (p < 0.0001), respectively. C. tropicalis was the prevalent species in high biofilm formation (67.5%) showing statistically significant differences when compared to other Candida species, except for C. krusei and C. glabrata. Finally, the rates of antifungal resistance to fluconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin related to biofilm were 70.5, 67.9 and 72.8% (p < 0.001), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of biofilms and a better characterization of Candida spp. bloodstream infections should be considered, which eventually will help preserve public health resources and ultimately diminish mortality among patients.

PMID:35113972 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0263522