Category: Nevin Manimala

J Clin Psychol. 2022 Jan 30. doi: 10.1002/jclp.23318. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Much of the research on hoarding is focused on cognition and behavior, with less focus on emotion and its regulation.

METHOD: A comprehensive search yielded nine studies (out of 5581) from which to draw data for the current study. Across the eight studies (nine independent effect sizes) which provided data for 1595 total participants (Mean_age = 34.46, SD = 8.78; 64.26% females).

RESULTS: Emotion dysregulation had a medium association with hoarding symptoms (r = 0.43). The effect was strong (r = 0.61) in some populations and weaker (r = 0.19) in others. However, it was higher in nonclinical samples than in clinical samples. Also, the strength of the association between hoarding and emotion regulation differed by the type of hoarding measures adopted in the individual studies. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences between emotion dysregulation facets and hoarding.

CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the importance of studying emotions and emotion regulation in hoarding.

PMID:35098535 | DOI:10.1002/jclp.23318

Prostate. 2022 Jan 31. doi: 10.1002/pros.24302. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer among males. This study attempted to develop a clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) risk nomogram including Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score and other clinical indexes for initial prostate biopsy in light of the different prostate regions, and internal validation was further conducted.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed including 688 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided transperineal magnetic resonance imaging fusion prostate biopsy from December 2016 to July 2019. We constructed nomograms combining PI-RADS score and clinical variables (prostate-specific antigen [PSA], prostate volume (PV), age, free/total PSA, and PSA density) through univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify patients eligible for biopsy. The performance of the predictive model was evaluated by bootstrap resampling. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was appointed to quantify the accuracy of the primary nomogram model for csPCa. Calibration curves were used to assess the agreement between the biopsy specimen and the predicted probability of the new nomogram. The χ² test was also applied to evaluate the heterogeneity between fusion biopsy and systematic biopsy based on different PI-RADS scores and prostate regions.

RESULTS: A total of 320 of 688 included patients were diagnosed with csPCa. csPCa was defined as Gleason score ≥7. The ROC and concordance-index both presented good performance. The nomogram reached an AUC of 0.867 for predicting csPCa at the peripheral zone; meanwhile, AUC for transitional and apex zones were 0.889 and 0.757, respectively. Statistical significance was detected between fusion biopsy and systematic biopsy for PI-RADS score >3 lesions and lesions at the peripheral and transitional zones.

CONCLUSION: We produced a novel nomogram predicting csPCa in patients with suspected imaging according to different locations. Our results indicated that PI-RADS score combined with other clinical parameters showed a robust predictive capacity for csPCa before prostate biopsy. The new nomogram, which incorporates prebiopsy data including PSA, PV, age, and PI-RADS score, can be helpful for clinical decision-making to avoid unnecessary biopsy.

PMID:35098557 | DOI:10.1002/pros.24302

Thromb Haemost. 2022 Jan 28. doi: 10.1055/a-1754-7551. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Background Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on hemodialysis (HD) are at increased risk for bleeding. However, despite relevant clinical implications regarding dialysis modalities or anticoagulation, no bleeding risk assessment strategy has been established in this challenging population. Methods Analyses on bleeding risk assessment models were performed in the population-based Vienna InVestigation of Atrial fibrillation and thromboemboLism in patients on hemoDialysIs (VIVALDI) study including 625 patients. In this cohort study, patients were prospectively followed for a median observation period of 3.5 years for the occurrence of major bleeding. First, performances of existing bleeding risk scores (i.e., HAS-BLED, HEMORR2HAGES, ATRIA, and four others) were evaluated in terms of discrimination and calibration. Second, four machine learning-based prediction models that included clinical, dialysis-specific, and laboratory parameters were developed and tested using Monte-Carlo cross-validation. Results Of 625 patients (median age: 66 years, 38% women), 89 (14.2%) developed major bleeding, with a 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year cumulative incidence of 6.1% (95%CI 4.2-8.0), 10.3% (95%CI 8.0-12.8), and 13.5% (95%CI 10.8-16.2), respectively. C-statistics of seven contemporary bleeding risk scores ranged between 0.54 and 0.59 indicating poor discriminatory performance. The HAS-BLED score showed the highest C-statistics of 0.59 (95% 0.53-0.56). Similarly, all four machine learning-based predictions models performed poorly in internal validation (C-statistics ranging from 0.49-0.55). Conclusions Existing bleeding risk scores and a machine learning approach including common clinical parameters fail to assist in bleeding risk prediction of patients on HD. Therefore, new approaches, including novel biomarkers, to improve bleeding risk prediction in patients on HD are needed.

PMID:35098518 | DOI:10.1055/a-1754-7551

J Cancer Surviv. 2022 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s11764-021-01157-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe current survivor services provided by COG institutions.

METHODS: A 190-question online survey was distributed to 209 COG member institutions over a 5-month period in 2017. Descriptive statistics were used to describe survivor services and explore their changes between 2007 and 2017.

RESULTS: Representatives from 153 (73%) institutions completed the survey. Of these, 96% of institutions reported that they provide pediatric cancer survivor care either in a specialized late effects program (75%) or a regular pediatric oncology clinic (24%). However, only 29.8% of institutions reported that > 75% of eligible patients were seen in a survivorship clinic. The most prevalent reported barriers to survivor care were lack of dedicated time (58%) and lack of funding for program development (41%). In 2017, 88% of institutions provided a treatment summary compared to 31% in 2007.

CONCLUSION: The majority of COG institutions have dedicated care for pediatric and young adult survivors of childhood cancer; however, at most institutions, < 75% of eligible patients access this care. Research into more efficient technology strategies is needed to ensure all survivors the opportunity to receive appropriate follow-up care.

IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: This survey provides a snapshot of the status of late effects services within COG institutions and provides information on residual gaps in services. Next steps should focus on the importance of attendance in a survivorship clinic on the physical health and psychosocial outcomes in cancer survivors.

PMID:35098485 | DOI:10.1007/s11764-021-01157-w

Gesundheitswesen. 2022 Jan 28. doi: 10.1055/a-1709-1011. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This article compares the results of two health literacy (HL) surveys of the population in Germany over time. The first survey was conducted in 2014, the second in 2020. The changes in GK, measured by the degree of subjectively assessed difficulties in individual information tasks in the three areas of health care, prevention, health promotion, in the total population and in subgroups are examined.

METHODOLOGY: The analyses were based on population-representative cross-sectional data collected in 2014 and 2020. An internationally coordinated questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) was used to measure GK. Changes in the population groups were analysed uni- and bivariately as well as multivariately in a trend analysis.

RESULTS: The HL of the German population has worsened statistically significantly within six years. This can be observed in all three overall domains. This effect was particularly evident among people with low social status and financial deprivation.

CONCLUSION: Over time, dealing with health and disease-related information has become more difficult. As this development is mainly driven by socioeconomically disadvantaged population groups, it has apparently increased social inequality in the health sector. Promoting HL – as this and other studies show – is more important for the society than ever and should be given special attention in relation to the above-mentioned population groups.

PMID:35098501 | DOI:10.1055/a-1709-1011

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-18262-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The tourism industry is undoubtedly among the largest contributors to economic growth and employment generation in most economies of the world, and Africa is not an exception as outlined by World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Thus, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are paying more attention to tourism development as alternative growth path to boost their economies. However, the tourism-induced growth is not void of its environmental issues. To this end, this study using recent econometrics analysis explored the nexus between tourism arrival GDP growth, urbanization, carbon dioxide emission, and foreign direct investment for oil and non-oil sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, that is, to ascertain the real impacts of tourism and FDI on the environmental performance of the regions. Empirical results show that tourism, GDP growth, and FDI dampen the quality of the environment. For instance, a 1% increase in tourism activities worsens the quality of the environment by 1.09%. Interestingly, renewable energy shows statistical strength to improve environmental quality. The causality analysis resonates with the outcomes of the regression by giving credence to one-way causality between tourism and carbon dioxide emission. A similar trend of causality is seen between FDI and carbon dioxide emission and urbanization and carbon dioxide emission. Thus, as a policy prescription, strict environmental guidelines and regulations are necessary for controlling the unhealthy and undue economic activities that are suspected to impact environment negatively.

PMID:35098470 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-021-18262-z

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-18326-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Malaria is one of the most widespread communicable diseases in the southeast regions of Iran, particularly the Chabahar County. Although the outbreak of this disease is a climate-related phenomenon, a comprehensive analysis of the malaria-climate relationship has not yet been investigated in Iran. The aims of this study are as follows: a) analyzing the seasonal characteristics of the various species of the infection; b) differentiating between number of patients during El Niño and La Niña and also during the wet and dry years. The monthly malaria statistics collected from twelve health centers were firstly averaged into seasonal scale and then composited with the corresponding data of the ground-based meteorological records, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and the satellite-based rainfall data. The proper statistical tests were used to detect differences in the number of patients between El Niño and La Niña and also between the adopted wet and dry episodes. Infection rate from the highest to the lowest was associated with summer, autumn, spring, and winter, respectively. Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and the other species were responsible for 22%, 75%, and 3% of the sickness, respectively. The outbreak of P. falciparum/P. vivax occurs during autumn/summer. Due to the malaria eradication programs in urban areas, infection statistics collected from the rural areas were found to be more climate-related than that of urban regions. For rural/urban areas, the infection statistics exhibited a significant decline/increase during El Niño episodes. In autumn, spring, and winter, the patient number has significantly increased/decreased during the dry/wet years, respectively. These relationships were, however, reversed in summer.

PMID:35098475 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-021-18326-0

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-18407-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

People might get infected by pathogens found in urban recreational waters during water-contact activities, such as swimming, boating, bathing, and yachting. However, the persistence of pathogenic bacteria in those waters was not well documented. In this study, persistence of E. coli O157:H7 (EcO157) in 48 water samples (24 Spring samples and 24 Autumn samples) from the 3 urban recreational waters was investigated. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed to correlate survival data with water physicochemical properties and bacterial communities. Our data showed that EcO157 survived longer in Spring samples than in Autumn samples regardless of the lakes. Results revealed that recreational water physicochemical properties and bacterial community in Spring samples were different from those in Autumn samples. Mantel and Partial Mantel tests, as well as co-occurrence network analysis illustrated that EC salinity, TOC, and bacterial community were correlated with survival time (ttd) (p < 0.05). Variation partition analysis (VPA) indicated that bacterial community, EC, TOC, and TN explained about 64.81% of overall ttd variation in Spring samples, and bacterial community, EC, pH, and TP accounted for about 56.59% of overall ttd variation in Autumn samples. Structural equation model (SEM) illustrated that EC indirectly positively affected ttd through bacterial community. The correlation between bacterial community and ttd was negative in Spring samples and positive in Autumn samples. TN appeared a direct positive effect on ttd in Spring samples. TP displayed a direct negative effect on ttd in Autumn samples. Our results concluded that there was seasonal variation in environmental factors that directly or indirectly affected the survival of EcO157 in urban recreational waters.

PMID:35098467 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-021-18407-0

Nurs Open. 2022 Jan 30. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1183. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To explore the risk factors for poor medication adherence in older people with hypertension.

DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.

METHODS: Participants were administered with a self-report questionnaire about their demographic characteristics; additionally, their four-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale scores were calculated. The STROBE checklist was applied as the reporting guideline for this study (File S1).

RESULTS: Univariate analysis indicated that the following five factors were statistically significantly associated with medication adherence: education level (χ² = 8.073, p = .045), co-living (χ² = 11.364, p = .010), hypertension complications (χ² = 10.968, p = .001), admission blood pressure (χ² = 8.876, p = .003), and falls (χ² = 6.703, p = .010). Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showed that there were four statistically significant predictors, such as people who lived with spouses and offspring (OR = 3.004, p = .017), and those who had high admission blood pressure (OR = 1.910, p = .003) had a greater risk of poor medication adherence, whereas those without hypertension complications (OR = 0.591, p = .026) and those without falls (OR = 0.530, p = .046) had a lower risk.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: We believe that these findings contribute to the identification of high-risk people with poor adherence, allowing nurses to identify people with poor adherence in a timely manner, and pay attention to the people’s medication.

PMID:35094495 | DOI:10.1002/nop2.1183

PM R. 2022 Jan 30. doi: 10.1002/pmrj.12780. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) results in muscle weakness and impaired somatosensory function of the arm. Current functional assessment is primarily based on clinician-elicited measurements including muscle strength and range of motion. To what extent these measures are representative of real-world arm movement is unclear. However, advances in wearable technology have made it possible to monitor real-world upper limb movement.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of using body-worn accelerometers to remotely assess arm movements in children with NBPP.

DESIGN: Criterion standard.

SETTING: Academic medical center.

PARTICIPANTS: Nine adolescents with NBPP and nine age- and gender-matched control adolescents participated in the study. All were enrolled in school and participated in community activities.

INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.

METHODS: Standard clinician-elicited measurements were collected. For assessing spontaneous arm movements, participants wore activity monitors during all waking hours for 7 days. Results were expressed as ratios of affected to unaffected arm motion for duration and magnitude and correlated with traditional clinic-based assessments. Spearman correlations were used to determine relationships between accelerometry results and traditional assessments. P-value <.05 was considered statistically significant.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Accelerometry measurements of arm motion and traditional clinical assessments.

RESULTS: Compared to control ratios, duration of arm movement and magnitude ratios were reduced in the NBPP group, particularly for arm magnitude due to reduced affected arm movement and an increase in unaffected arm movement. Ratios were highly correlated with shoulder function and, to a lesser extent, with elbow function.

CONCLUSIONS: Real-world arm use is an appropriate outcome measure that reflects functional recovery. We demonstrate the feasibility of wearable technology to quantify duration and intensity of spontaneous arm movement in children with NBPP. Accelerometry also allows for the association between traditional clinician-elicited assessment measures and spontaneous arm movements, demonstrating the importance of the shoulder as a focus of treatment in NBPP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35094498 | DOI:10.1002/pmrj.12780