Category: Nevin Manimala

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2025 Jan 9;189:112228. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112228. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between parental attitudes and language development in preschool children with cochlear implants. In addition, the study aimed to examine parental attitudes in relation to socio-demographic and cochlear implant related variables.

METHODS: This study is based on the relational survey model. A total of 47 children aged 2-5 years, 23 girls and 24 boys, and one of their parents were included in the study. Test of Early Language Development Test-3-Turkish Adaptation was applied to measure the language development levels of the children. In order to determine parental attitudes, 5-point Likert-type Parental Attitude Scale consisting of 46 items was completed by the parents.

RESULTS: Democratic attitudes were found to be the most common type of parental attitude (4.33 ± 0.45). Significance was found for overprotective parental attitudes according to cochlear implant age and economic income level. Statistically significant, moderate negative correlation was found between overprotective parental attitude scores and receptive language, expressive language, and composite verbal language scores (r: 0.401; r: 0.337; r: 0.390; p < 0.05, respectively).

CONCLUSION: It was concluded that there was a relationship between overprotective parental attitude and language skills of preschool children with cochlear implants. Overprotective parental attitudes were significantly associated with cochlear implant age and economic income level, with earlier cochlear implant age and higher income correlating with less overprotection.

PMID:39832397 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112228

J Med Internet Res. 2025 Jan 20;27:e65372. doi: 10.2196/65372.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: With the rapid expansion of social media platforms, the demand for health information has increased substantially, leading to innovative approaches and new opportunities in health education.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the characteristics of articles published on the “Dr Ding Xiang” WeChat official account (WOA), one of the most popular institutional accounts on the WeChat platform, to identify factors influencing readership engagement and to propose strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of health information dissemination.

METHODS: A total of 5286 articles published on the “Dr Ding Xiang” WOA from January 2021 to December 2021 were collected and analyzed. Additionally, a random sample of 324 articles was selected for detailed text analysis. Univariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS: In 2021, the total number of reads for “Dr Ding Xiang” articles reached 323,479,841, with an average of 61,196 reads per article. Articles exceeding 100,000 reads accounted for 33.90% of the total. Most articles were published during the time slots of 8:00-10:00 AM, 11:30 AM to 1:30 PM, and 8:30-10:30 PM. Analysis indicated that the order of publication, style of the title sentence, number of likes, number of in-views, total likes on comments, and number of replies to comments were significantly associated with an article’s number of reads. Text analysis further revealed that the article’s reasoning approaches and concluding methods also had a significant impact on readership.

CONCLUSIONS: To enhance readership and the effectiveness of health communication, health-focused WOAs should consider key factors such as optimal publication timing, engaging title design, and effective content structuring. Attention to these elements can improve user engagement and support the broader dissemination of health information.

PMID:39832357 | DOI:10.2196/65372

Clin Exp Optom. 2025 Jan 20:1-6. doi: 10.1080/08164622.2024.2447469. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When selecting an intervention for myopia management, parental inquiries centre around the comparative efficacy of orthokeratology versus myopic defocus spectacle lenses. This prompts an intriguing investigation into the nuanced differences between these two treatment methods.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) versus orthokeratology (Ortho-k) in controlling axial length elongation.

METHODS: Electronic medical records of children aged 8 to 14 years who were prescribed either spectacle lenses with HAL or one of the four Ortho-k brands were reviewed. The standardised axial length changes within one year were compared between HAL lenses and Ortho-k lenses with analysis of variance and multivariable regression analysis, adjusting for age, gender, and baseline spherical equivalent.

RESULTS: A total of 308 subjects were included in the analyses. The mean (standard error) of the standardised one-year changes in axial length was 0.12 ± 0.02 mm for HAL, 0.17 ± 0.02 mm for Dreamlite, 0.22 ± 0.02 mm for Alpha, 0.21 ± 0.02 mm for Lucid, and 0.18 ± 0.02 mm for Euclid user cohorts. After adjusting for covariates, the mean differences in axial length growth between HAL and both Alpha and Lucid cohorts were estimated at 0.11 mm (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.19 mm and 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.20 mm). The differences between HAL and Dreamlite or Euclid lenses were not statistically significant. Baseline spherical equivalent demonstrated a significant positive association with axial length growth in Lucid and Euclid lens users.

CONCLUSIONS: Spectacle lenses with HAL design exhibited comparable or superior efficacy in mitigating axial length growth compared to conventional Ortho-k lenses. Furthermore, orthokeratology showed greater efficacy in controlling axial length elongation among individuals with greater baseline myopia.

PMID:39832350 | DOI:10.1080/08164622.2024.2447469

Gac Med Mex. 2024;160(4):420-428. doi: 10.24875/GMM.M24000919.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The underreporting of vital statistics poses a problem for the quality of information. To address underreporting, Mexico implemented the “Intentional Search for Children Deaths” in 2002.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze trends in the underreporting of deaths in neonates and children under 5 years of age (U5) from 1992 to 2022 at the national level and by state.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comparative analysis was conducted between the records of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) chosen as the gold standard after comparison with five other independent data sources. The analysis considers marginalization to describe the magnitude of underreporting.

RESULTS: From 2001 to 2022, at the national level, the underreporting gap decreased from 38.2% to 9.0% among children U5 and from 30.7% to 5.5% in the neonatal age, with heterogeneous results across states.

CONCLUSIONS: The registration of deaths has improved; however, it is crucial to identify states needing further investigation and intervention to reduce the underreporting gap in infant mortality.

PMID:39832330 | DOI:10.24875/GMM.M24000919

Gac Med Mex. 2024;160(4):399-403. doi: 10.24875/GMM.24000149.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In developed countries, most of the neurologists use pericranial nerve blocks to treat headache patients, nevertheless, the knowledge and use patterns of this technique in developing countries are unknown.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the knowledge and use patterns of pericranial nerve blocks in headache treatment by Mexican neurologists.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: We did a cross-sectional study, 90 Mexican neurologists completed a 26-question survey including data about sociodemographics, knowledge and patterns of use of pericranial nerve blocks. All statistical analyses were performed with R (version 4.2.0).

RESULTS: The mean age was 43.2 + 9.9 years, 55(61.1%) were men. In terms of knowledge, migraine was correctly identified by 74 participants (82.2%), while cluster headache by 65 participants (72.2%) as indications for pericranial nerve blocks. Regarding the use patterns of pericranial nerve blocks, 87(96.7%) of the neurologists had heard about the technique, but only 12(13.3%) use it in their clinical practice. In terms of education, 19(21.1%) received training during the residency and 27(30%) during the post-residency period.

CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge and use of pericranial nerve blocks for the treatment of headaches in Mexico is low. Stakeholders should develop strategies to improve the field of headache disorders in Mexico.

PMID:39832328 | DOI:10.24875/GMM.24000149

Gac Med Mex. 2024;160(4):384-392. doi: 10.24875/GMM.M24000933.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Twin pregnancy through assisted reproduction techniques is increasing, as are the associated complications.

OBJECTIVE: Compare maternal and perinatal complications associated with spontaneous twin pregnancy and through assisted reproduction techniques (ART).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective comparative and controlled study. It included 208 patients treated at the UMAE HGO 4 of the IMSS, divided into two groups according to the method of conception (spontaneous vs ART), comparing maternal and perinatal complications. Quantitative variables were compared with the student’s T or Mann Whitney U test and qualitative variables with the chi-square test. The probability ratio was calculated with a 95 % confidence interval, with statistical significance p < 0.05.

RESULTS: 208 patients with twin pregnancies were included; 104 (50%) conceived spontaneously and 104 (50%) by assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Maternal complications were higher in the ART group: preterm delivery (84.6 vs 60.5%), hypertensive disease (43.2 vs 19.2%), gestational diabetes (38.1 vs 24.8%), and obstetric hemorrhage (41.9 vs 25.7%). Prematurity and respiratory distress syndrome were significantly higher in the ART group.

CONCLUSIONS: Twin pregnancy due to ART increases the risk of maternal and perinatal complications, which forces us to improve prenatal control with a risk approach.

PMID:39832326 | DOI:10.24875/GMM.M24000933

J Clin Psychiatry. 2025 Jan 2;86(1):24m15339. doi: 10.4088/JCP.24m15339.

ABSTRACT

Objective: We compared substance use disorder (SUD) prevalence among adult inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) hospitalizations with non-IBD controls from the 2016-2018 National Inpatient Sample, assessing correlations with demographics, socioeconomic status, geographic regions, depression, and anxiety.

Methods: The primary aim focused on SUD, defined as substance abuse or dependence (International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10]: F10-F19) excluding unspecified use or remission, among hospitalizations documenting IBD (Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis; ICD-10: K50-51) as one admitting diagnosis (IBD-D). The prevalence of SUD among hospitalizations with and without IBD was compared. The secondary aim further characterized factors influencing SUD among hospitalizations with IBD as the primary diagnosis (IBD-PD). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for SUD including associated covariates.

Results: SUD prevalence was 20.9% for IBD-D and 20.8% for non-IBD controls (P = .38). After adjustments, there was less SUD (OR 0.92, 95% CI, 0.90-0.93) but more opioid use disorder (OUD) (OR 1.20, 95% CI, 1.15-1.24) among IBD-D; other substances were less likely among IBD-D. Among IBD-PD hospitalizations, SUD significantly associated with Crohn’s disease (75.1% vs 58.8%, P < .001), Medicaid (30.4% vs 15.8%, P < .001), lowest-income quartile (32.8% vs 23.8%, P < .001), depression (19.1% vs. 12.5%), and anxiety (24.7% vs. 14.9%). These factors were also associated with OUD. Notably, certain geographic regions and urbanization levels correlated with both elevated SUD and OUD among IBD-PD hospitalizations.

Conclusions: We comprehensively characterized SUD prevalence among adult IBD hospitalizations, identifying demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, and mental health risk factors for SUD and OUD in IBD. These findings inform efforts to decrease SUD among IBD patients by improving health care delivery through reducing health care disparities and improving psychiatric care.

PMID:39832310 | DOI:10.4088/JCP.24m15339

Acta Orthop. 2025 Jan 20;96:94-101. doi: 10.2340/17453674.2024.42704.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Evidence for long-term outcomes following acetabular fractures in older adults is limited. We aimed to evaluate mortality, complications, and need for subsequent surgical procedures in operatively and nonoperatively treated older patients with acetabular fractures.

METHODS: Patients aged ≥ 70 years with acetabular fractures treated at Uppsala University Hospital between 2010 and 2020 were included. Fractures were classified according to Letournel. Local medical records were analyzed and cross-referenced with the Swedish Arthroplasty Register to identify reoperations and delayed arthroplasty procedures. Follow-up time ranged from 2-12 years. Primary outcome was mortality 1 year after injury. Descriptive statistics, survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method, and logistic regression models were used.

RESULTS: 247 patients (67% men) with a median age of 80 years (range 70-102) were included. Most patients were ASA class 3 (67%). 148 (60%) patients were treated operatively. The 1-year mortality was 15% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9-21) in the operatively and 29% (CI 19-37) in the nonoperatively treated group. Difference in adjusted mortality rates between treatments did not reach statistical significance. 20% of patients treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) underwent some form of reoperation. In the nonoperatively treated group, 1% had a delayed THA.

CONCLUSION: The 1-year mortality following acetabular fractures in older people was 21% (CI 15-26), underscoring the frailty of this patient group. ORIF alone was associated with a 20% reoperation rate while the rate of delayed surgical treatment in patients selected for nonoperative treatment was 1%.

PMID:39832287 | DOI:10.2340/17453674.2024.42704

Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2025 Jan 20:twaf002. doi: 10.1093/dmfr/twaf002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This meta-research assessed methodologies used for evaluating peri-implant marginal bone levels on digital periapical radiographs in randomised clinical trials published between 2019 and 2023.

METHODS: Articles were searched in four databases. Data on methods for assessing peri-implant marginal bone levels were extracted. Risk of bias assessment was performed.

RESULTS: During full-text reading, 108 out of 162 articles were excluded. Methodological issues accounted for these exclusions, including the absence of radiograph-type information, the lack of radiographic positioners, the missing anatomical references, and the use of panoramic radiographs or tomography. Fifty-four articles were included, most from Europe (70%) and university-based (74%). Radiographic positioners were specified in 54% of articles. Examiner calibration was unreported in 54%, with 69% lacking details. In 59%, no statistical measure assessed examiner agreement. Blinding was unreported or unused in 50%. Marginal bone level changes were the primary outcome of 61%. Most articles (59.3%) raised “some concerns” regarding bias, while 37% showed a high risk of bias, and only two articles (3.7%) demonstrated a low risk of bias.

CONCLUSIONS: Several limitations and areas for improvement were identified. Future studies should prioritize protocol registration, standardize radiographic acquisitions, specify examiner details, implement calibration and statistical measures for agreement, introduce blinding protocols, and maintain geometric calibration standards.

PMID:39832279 | DOI:10.1093/dmfr/twaf002

Rheumatology (Oxford). 2025 Jan 20:keaf027. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaf027. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous disease which manifests as different subphenotypes. Distinct subphenotypes, such as lupus nephritis (LN), have been associated with increased genetic risk, but prior studies have been limited by cross-sectional and imprecisely subphenotyped cohorts. This study investigated the genetic basis for LN using a longitudinal cohort of distinctly subphenotyped patients.

METHODS: SLE patients with biopsy-proven LN or never developed LN (NLN) were recruited from 8 tertiary referral centres. All patients had longitudinal clinical data for at least 10-years, or died during the study period. NLN patients had no renal involvement for at least 10-years. Subjects were genotyped and polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated using 230 SLE-associated SNPs. Genome-wide association analyses were also conducted for LN-vs-control, NLN-vs-control, and LN-vs-NLN comparisons, along with heterogeneity tests to assess differences in effect size.

RESULTS: Among 1462 patients, 824 (56%) and 638 (43%) had LN and NLN, respectively. PRS was significantly higher in the LN cohort. Genome-wide significant variants were identified in HLA, TNFAIP3, BLK, and STAT4 loci specifically for LN patients, while STAT4 also remained significant for NLN patients. Direct LN-vs-NLN associations showed no statistically significant variants but heterogeneity tests revealed other genetic loci, including ELF1, OX40, DUSP22, and TPCN2.

CONCLUSION: Different subphenotypes of SLE are predisposed by distinct genetic risk loci, which can only be identified in clearly subphenotyped cohorts with sufficient longitudinal data. We identified unique genetic risk loci enriched among patients with biopsy-proven LN, and postulate that individual subphenotypes may have varying genetic predisposition.

PMID:39832277 | DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/keaf027