Category: Nevin Manimala

Spec Care Dentist. 2021 Jun 25. doi: 10.1111/scd.12621. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To compare the dental caries prevalence using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and the caries risk by Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and normoactives (NAs).

METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty children and adolescents aged 6-12 years (30 CP/30 NA) were clinically evaluated by one calibrated examiner using two-digit ICDAS criteria and converted into components of dmf/DMF indices: d2mf2/D2MF2 (enamel and dentin lesions) and d3mf3/D3MF3 (dentin lesions). An adapted CAMBRA was used for risk classification. The mean d2mf2s/d2mf2t and D2MF2S/D2MF2T for CP were 17.0 ± 16.8/7.5 ± 4.3 and 10.7 ± 17.6/5.3 ± 5.8, respectively, and for NA were 17.2 ± 16.9 /6.9 ± 4.8 and 11.1 ± 11.7/5.5 ± 4.7, respectively. The mean d3mf3s/d3mf3t and D3MF3S/D3MF3T for CP were 10.1 ± 16.7/3.0 ± 4.1 and 4.9 ± 15.6/0.2 ± 0.4, respectively, while for NA the mean values were 9.8 ± 13.0/3.5 ± 3.8 and 2.1 ± 5.7/0.9 ± 2.0, respectively. There were no statistically differences for caries prevalence and risk in both groups (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Dental caries was highly prevalent in CP and NA children and adolescents. Enamel and dentin lesions and high caries risk were the most common condition.

PMID:34171134 | DOI:10.1111/scd.12621

Adicciones. 2021 Jun 15;0(0):1612. doi: 10.20882/adicciones.1612. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

There are no recent estimates of alcohol-attributable mortality in Spain with Spanish alcohol consumption data. The objective is to estimate it and know its evolution between 2001 and 2017 in people ≥15 years, according to sex, age, period, cause of death and type of drinker. The cause-specific approach and Levin’s equation were used. Survey consumption was corrected for underestimation with respect to sales statistics, and past consumption and binge drinking were considered. The average annual number of deaths attributable to alcohol in 2010-2017 was 14,927, 58.6% of which were premature (<75 years). The age-standardized alcohol-attributable mortality rate was 39.4/100,000 inhabitants, representing 3.9% of overall mortality. Using standardized percentages, 68.7% corresponded to heavy drinkers. The most frequent causes of alcohol-attributable mortality were cancer (44.7%) and digestive diseases (33.2%). The rate of alcohol-attributable mortality was 3.5 times higher in men than in women (with higher ratios for young people and external causes). Between 2001-2009 and 2010-2017, the average annual rate decreased 16.8% (60.7% in 15-34 years; 19.4% in men and 9.8% in women). The contribution of heavy drinkers, digestive diseases and external causes to the risk of alcohol-attributable mortality decreased slightly between the two periods, while the contribution of cancer and circulatory diseases increased. These estimates are conservative. The contribution of alcohol to overall mortality is significant in Spain, requiring collective action to reduce it.

PMID:34171111 | DOI:10.20882/adicciones.1612

J Sci Food Agric. 2021 Jun 25. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.11403. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Toasted vine-shoots have recently been proposed as enological additives aimed at improving the sensorial profile of wines. However, so far, there is no simple method for classifying vine-shoots for this innovate enological practice. Therefore, in this study, it has been proposed for the first time an enological aptitude classification for toasted vine-shoots. Moreover, given the need for quick techniques to be used in wineries to determine the main phenolic compounds of vine-shoots, a near-infrared spectroscopy has been calibrated and validated.

RESULTS: By means of a detailed statistical analysis an enological classification of toasted vine-shoots has been proposed based on their total polyphenol index and (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, ellagic acid and trans-resveratrol. Moreover, the NIR methodology developed showed a good validations statistics and acceptable accuracy.

CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, this work propose the first enological toasted vine-shoots classification and it provides a tool for rapid screening, mainly of phenolic compounds, in toasted vine-shoots. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34171125 | DOI:10.1002/jsfa.11403

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jun 25:dgab465. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab465. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To disentangle the nature of the inverse relationship between type II diabetes (T2D) mellitus and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

METHODS: Depending on summary statistics of T2D (n=898,130) and ALS (n=80,610), we estimated the genetic correlation between them and prioritized pleiotropic genes through a multiple-tissue eQTL weighted integrative analysis and the ccFDR method. We implemented Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to evaluate the causal relationship between the two diseases. A mediation analysis was performed to assess the mediating role of T2D in the pathway from T2D-related glycemic/anthropometric traits to ALS.

RESULTS: We found supportive evidence of common genetic foundation between T2D and ALS (rg=-0.223, p=0.004), and identified eight pleiotropic genes (ccFDR<0.10). The MR analysis confirmed that T2D exhibited a neuroprotective effect on ALS, leading to an approximately 5% (95% confidence intervals 0~9.6%, p=0.038) reduction in disease risk. In contrast, no substantial evidence was observed that supported the causal influence of ALS on T2D. The mediation analysis revealed T2D can also serve as an active mediator for several glycemic/anthropometric traits, including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, overweight, body mass index, obesity class 1, obesity class 2, with the mediation effect estimated to be 0.024, -0.022, -0.041, -0.016, and -0.012, respectively.

CONCLUSION: We provided new evidence supporting the observed inverse link between T2D and ALS, and revealed that shared genetic component and causal association commonly drove such relationship. We also demonstrated the mediating role of T2D standing in the pathway from T2D-related glycemic/anthropometric traits to ALS.

PMID:34171091 | DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgab465

Adicciones. 2021 Jun 15;0(0):1587. doi: 10.20882/adicciones.1587. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The endocannabinoid system has been associated with various psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia or addictive disorders. Recent studies have found that some polymorphisms in the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CNR2), cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CNR1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) genes could play an important role as risk factors in the etiology of these diseases. We analysed different cannabinoid gene polimorphisms from non-substance using patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (n = 379), schizophrenic patients with cannabis use disorders (n = 124), cannabis users who did not have psychoses (n = 71), and 316 controls from various Spanish hospitals and health centres. We found a statistical association between polymorphisms rs35761398 and rs12744386 in the CNR2 gene and comorbidity of schizophrenia and cannabis dependence, as well as an association between loss of heterozygosity (overdominance) for polymorphism rs324420 in the FAAH gene and cannabis dependence in a Spanish population sample. The rs35761398 and rs12744386 polymorphisms in the CNR2 gene are genetic risk factors for schizophrenia in cannabis-dependent subjects. Loss of heterozygosity for polymorphism rs324420 in the FAAH gene is a genetic risk factor for cannabis dependence in this population.

PMID:34171108 | DOI:10.20882/adicciones.1587

Adicciones. 2021 Jun 15;0(0):1611. doi: 10.20882/adicciones.1611. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The objective is to describe and discuss methods and assumptions to estimate the mortality attributable to alcohol in Spain in 2001-2017. The annual mean number of deaths attributable to alcohol (DAAs) was estimated based on 19 groups of alcohol-related causes of death (18 partially attributable and one directly attributable), and 20 alcohol population-attributable fractions (PAFs), resulting from combining sex, 5 age groups, and the periods 2001-2009 and 2010-2017, for each cause group. Deaths from causes were obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. For partially attributable causes, Spain-specific PAFs were calculated using the Levin formula with alcohol exposure data from health surveys and sales statistics, and relative risks from international meta-analyses. Annual prevalences of ex-drinkers and seven levels of daily alcohol consumption were considered. The underestimation of self-reported daily average consumption with respect to the sales statistics was corrected by multiplying by a factor of 1.58-3.18, depending on the calendar year. DAA rates standardized by age and standardized proportions of general mortality attributable to alcohol, according to sex, age group, calendar period, type of drinker and autonomous community were calculated. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess how the DAA estimates changed when changing some methodological options, such as the ex-drinker criterion or the introduction of a latency period.

PMID:34171110 | DOI:10.20882/adicciones.1611

Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2020 Oct-Dec;61(4):1301-1307. doi: 10.47162/RJME.61.4.31.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Performing a colonoscopy allows the examination of the entire colon and the assessment of polyps.

PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from January 2018 until February 2020 (two years), in which we enrolled a number of 210 patients performing colonoscopy in the Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania. We performed 326 polypectomies.

RESULTS: We classified the polyps into diminutive (n=169), small (n=103) and large polyps (n=54). Regarding the polypectomy technique, our results indicated that 40 out of 48 (83.3%) polypectomies with the biopsy forceps were complete, as well as 27 out of 31 (87.1%) cold snare polypectomies and 12 out of 14 (85.7%) hot snare polypectomies. The differences were not statistically significant (p=0.116). Regarding the number of incomplete polypectomies, our data suggests that the high expertise endoscopist had two incomplete resections (5.1% of total), the medium expertise endoscopist 1 had also two incomplete resections (11.1% of total), the medium expertise endoscopist 2 had three incomplete resections (15% of total), the limited expertise endoscopist 1 had three incomplete resections (27.27% of total) and the limited expertise endoscopist 2 had four incomplete resections (30.76% of total). Analyzing the data, the differences were statistically significant (p=0.006).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study is able to suggest that high-definition white-light endoscopy (HD-WLE) macroscopic visualization of the polyp resection site is not enough to assess complete polyp resection and follow-up colonoscopy should be performed for cases with incomplete margins of resection.

PMID:34171078 | DOI:10.47162/RJME.61.4.31

J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2021 Jun 25:gbab115. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbab115. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Behavioral interventions can reduce distress for couples coping with early-stage dementia. However, most interventions are limited in accessibility and fail to address individualized goals. This pilot study examined the dyadic effects on multiple indicators of well-being of the Wish Outcome Obstacle Plan (WOOP) intervention which guides participants to use Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) to achieve attainable goals in their daily lives.

METHODS: This randomized controlled trial included 45 older persons with early-stage dementia (PWD) and their spousal care partners (CPs: n = 90 individuals). CPs were assigned randomly to WOOP training immediately after baseline (WOOP) or after a three-month follow-up interview (Control; CON). Both groups received a dementia care education booklet. WOOP CPs were instructed to practice WOOP at least once a day for two weeks. All CPs and PWDs completed home surveys (baseline, two-weeks, and three months) measuring perceived stress, depressive symptoms, quality of life, and affect.

RESULTS: Mixed effects models showed significant intervention x time interaction effects with large effect sizes for CPs on three of the five outcomes over three months. Compared to CON, WOOP CPs had decreased perceived stress (δ = 1.71) and increased quality of life (δ = 1.55) and positive affect (δ = 2.30). WOOP PWD showed decreased perceived stress (δ = .87) and increased quality of life (δ = 1.26) but these effects were not statistically significant.

DISCUSSION: WOOP is a promising, brief intervention to improve dementia care partners’ well-being that may also positively impact their partners with dementia.

PMID:34171086 | DOI:10.1093/geronb/gbab115

Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2020 Oct-Dec;61(4):1227-1233. doi: 10.47162/RJME.61.4.24.

ABSTRACT

The incidence of nephrolithiasis is in full expansion, its etiology being frequently associated with lifestyle changes. The objective of this retrospective study, carried out between April and December 2019, was to identify the correlations of the known lithogenic factors with the chemical structure of the calculi in the patients from the North-Eastern region of Romania. The results obtained after the data analysis of our LAMPA questionnaire (L – liquids, A – antecedents, M – medication, P – associated pathologies, A – aliments) made in evidence a statistically relevant relationship between the heredocollateral history of lithiasis and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) calculi, hypertension and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) stones, uric lithiasis and diabetes, COD, and obesity, between predominantly uric lithiasis and meat or meat-derived products consumption, between frequent potato consumption and COD stones and the frequently consume of dairy products and predominantly COM calculi. The authors concluded that the use of a complex questionnaire, like LAMPA, together with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic and morphological analysis are essential steps for developing an efficient metaphylaxis.

PMID:34171071 | DOI:10.47162/RJME.61.4.24

Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2020 Oct-Dec;61(4):1259-1278. doi: 10.47162/RJME.61.4.27.

ABSTRACT

Oral cancer remains an important global health issue and despite recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances, it continues to have an unfavorable prognostic and decreased survival. Although palatal tumors represent one of the rarest locations of oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), they are among the most aggressive local tumors, leaving behind important morpho-functional disabilities. In order to explain such local aggressiveness, the present study aims to investigate the immunohistochemical expression in palate SCCs of some markers known to be involved in the process of tumor invasiveness, such as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome like (WASL), Claudin-1 (CLDN1), Integrin beta-6 (ITGB6) and c-Mesenchymal to epithelial transition protein (c-Met). We have found here a higher tumor WASL and CLDN1 reactivity in well-differentiated (G1) palate SCCs, and regardless the histological type, degree of differentiation or tumor topography, an overexpression at the invasion front, and in those palate’ SCC cases with muscular invasiveness and with lymph node (LN) dissemination. ITGB6 and c-Met had a higher reactivity in moderately differentiated (G2) palate SCCs, especially at the periphery of tumor proliferations, at the invasion front and in those high invasive cases and as well as in those that associated LN dissemination. All four investigated markers were also positive at the level of LN metastatic proliferations. None of the markers could statistically stratify on age group and pain, and on bone and perineural invasion while all of them statistically stratified on survival and grading. We concluded that these markers have a prognostic role allowing the identification of those cases with an unfavorable clinical evolution and decreased survival.

PMID:34171074 | DOI:10.47162/RJME.61.4.27