Category: Nevin Manimala

Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2020 Oct-Dec;61(4):1213-1220. doi: 10.47162/RJME.61.4.22.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Oral cancer is a worldwide public health problem, being the sixth most common neoplasm. The high mortality rate of this type of cancer is due to a delayed diagnosis, a fast evolution and metastasis, no primary symptomatology, the multitude of risk factors and the lack of awareness among the population concerning oral malignancy.

AIM: The aim of this 5-year retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence of oral cancer patients in the Clinic of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Emergency County Hospital, Timişoara, Romania and quantify the histopathological (HP) subtypes, localization, age, gender, tumor staging and differentiation, positive loco-regional lymph nodes and risk factors.

PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: A number of 129 patients diagnosed with oral cancer were included in the study and their medical records were analyzed. A statistical analysis was performed that included the variables gender, age, tumor staging, differentiation grade, HP subtype, lymph nodes, localization, and risk factors.

RESULTS: Our results outlined a high prevalence of oral cancer among males (65.9%), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most common HP subtype. Tumor staging revealed the fact that the majority of were T3 and T4 tumors with dissemination in the loco-regional lymph nodes. In 52% of the cases, tobacco was identified as a risk factor, and the association of tobacco and alcohol was present in 28.3% of the cases.

CONCLUSIONS: The early diagnosis is crucial for the improvement of oral cancer survival rate. The oral cavity is permanently exposed to carcinogenic substances that associated with other risk factors have an influence upon the incidence of oral malignancies.

PMID:34171069 | DOI:10.47162/RJME.61.4.22

Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2020 Oct-Dec;61(4):1221-1226. doi: 10.47162/RJME.61.4.23.

ABSTRACT

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent human malignancy and at the same time the most frequent periocular malignancy, representing almost 80% of all non-melanoma skin cancers and 90% of eyelid cancers. The study included 50 cases of eyelid BCC, out of which 41 were nodular BCC (NBCC) and nine were infiltrative BCC (IBCC), with various Breslow scores (BS) and primary tumor (pT) category. We analyzed the immunoexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 1 and 13 in the tumoral epithelial component (TEC) and inflammatory stromal component (ISC) of BCC in relation to the two histopathological parameters. The immunoreaction for MMP-1 was identified in 41 (82%) cases and for MMP-13 in 46 (92%) cases both in the TEC and ISC of both types of BCC. The statistical analysis revealed that both collagenases had positive/high scores significantly associated with advanced BS. For MMP-1, there were statistical associations in TEC related to IBCC and high pT category, while MMP-13 only revealed statistical association in ISC with high pT. The presence of collagenase MMP-1 and MMP-13 expression in a high number of cases, both in TEC and ISC, confirms their intervention in the tumor progression and proposes these MMPs as potential targets in antineoplastic therapy.

PMID:34171070 | DOI:10.47162/RJME.61.4.23

Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2020 Oct-Dec;61(4):1185-1192. doi: 10.47162/RJME.61.4.20.

ABSTRACT

Due to complex interplay between host and viral factors, pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is considered a challenging issue. Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is not confined only to liver but can induce disturbances in many other organs and systems. Our primary aim for this study was to evaluate biological response rates and sustained virological response (SVR) in patients diagnosed with CHC, treated with Interferon-alpha (IFN-α), Pegylated (PEG)-IFN-α2a or -α2b plus Ribavirin. The second aim of the study was the identification of predictive factors for a favorable response to antiviral therapy in patients diagnosed with CHC. We enrolled in this study 210 patients diagnosed with CHC who have accomplished all inclusion and exclusion criteria, treated with PEG-IFN plus Ribavirin. Patients’ recovery progress has been evaluated by determining: age, gender; biochemical tests: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST); serological assays – detect anti-HCV antibody and molecular assays – detect, quantify and/or characterize hepatitis C viral load (ribonucleic acid) (HCV-RNA); liver histopathological (HP) examination. According to their response to treatment, they were classified into responders (n=145) and non-responders (n=65). Liver biopsies were histopathologically evaluated for necroinflammatory grade and fibrosis stage according to the modified Ishak and Metavir scoring systems for chronic hepatitis. Demographic, laboratory, and HP results were introduced in statistical analysis. These parameters were included in area under curve (AUC) analysis in order to estimate their degree of influence on getting early virological response (EVR) and SVR. Our study demonstrates that factors connected to treatment failure in CHC are linked to older age, high hepatitis C viral load, and impaired glucose tolerance at beginning of treatment [high fasting glucose and insulin, high homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index] and also to liver histology features (high fibrosis score, liver steatosis, iron infiltration, and more or less high necroinflammatory activity). Analyzing results of our study shows that HOMA-IR index, serum insulin levels, baseline HCV-RNA, baseline mean blood glucose and HP score like Ishak fibrosis score, steatosis score and liver iron score may have a predictive value for obtaining an EVR in patients diagnosed with CHC.

PMID:34171067 | DOI:10.47162/RJME.61.4.20

Pediatr Obes. 2021 Jun 25:e12817. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12817. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Metabolic risk and inflammatory state have an early life onset and are associated with future diseases.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic health with high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), cross-sectionally and longitudinally, in children.

METHODS: 2913 European children (2-10 years) from eight countries from the IDEFICS study were investigated. Data were collected at baseline and 2 years later (follow-up). A MetS z-score was computed with waist circumference (WC), insulin resistance index, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Metabolically unhealthy (MU) status was assessed. Multi-level linear and logistic regressions were performed.

RESULTS: Among the MetS markers, WC was more consistently associated with hsCRP cross-sectional and prospectively. Baseline MetS score was significantly associated with greater risk of high hsCRP at follow-up and with prevalence and incidence of hsCRP. Those children who became MU overtime were significantly (P < .05) associated with future higher levels of hsCRP, independently of weight status at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS: Transition over time to a MU state was associated with higher levels of hsCRP at follow-up, independent of weight status at baseline. Screening of metabolic factors and routine measurement of WC are needed to prevent inflammatory status and related chronic diseases in children.

PMID:34170079 | DOI:10.1111/ijpo.12817

Magn Reson Med. 2021 Jun 25. doi: 10.1002/mrm.28881. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The proposed method aims to create label maps that can be used for the segmentation of animal brain MR images without the need of a brain template. This is achieved by performing a joint deconvolution and segmentation of the brain MR images.

METHODS: It is based on modeling locally the image statistics using a generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD) and couples the deconvolved image and its corresponding labels map using the GGD-Potts model. Because of the complexity of the resulting Bayesian estimators of the unknown model parameters, a Gibbs sampler is used to generate samples following the desired posterior probability.

RESULTS: The performance of the proposed algorithm is assessed on simulated and real MR images by the segmentation of enhanced marmoset brain images into its main compartments using the corresponding label maps created. Quantitative assessment showed that this method presents results that are comparable to those obtained with the classical method-registering the volumes to a brain template.

CONCLUSION: The proposed method of using labels as prior information for brain segmentation provides a similar or a slightly better performance compared with the classical reference method based on a dedicated template.

PMID:34170032 | DOI:10.1002/mrm.28881

Infant Ment Health J. 2021 Jun 25. doi: 10.1002/imhj.21922. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Perinatal mental illness is a known risk to maternal-infant attachment and healthy infant development. Mothers experiencing complex mental health issues in the first year following birth are less likely to become involved in parenting programs or day stay interventions because of their mental health difficulties and perceived stigma. Currently, most perinatal day or group treatment programs only include the mother and not their infant. This paper describes “Together in Mind,” a perinatal and infant mental health day program developed by the Queensland Centre for Perinatal and Infant Mental Health, targeting mothers with moderate to severe mental illness and their infants under 12 months. The service model was a 6-week, 1 day per week psychoeducation intervention. Psychoeducational material and support were provided across each day session by an adult perinatal mental health clinician, an infant mental health clinician, and a child health nurse working in collaboration. The program was trialed across seven Hospital and Health Service sites in Queensland, Australia, during 2016-18. In total, 24 group day programs were delivered with 84 mothers and their infants. Pre and post intervention quantitative measures and a post-program qualitative survey about participant satisfaction were collected. Statistically significant improvements in all quantitative measures showed a large to medium effect size on the: Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) (d = 0.82; p < .000); Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) (d = 0.5; p < .000); Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale (KPCS) (d = 0.63; p < .000); Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS) (d = 0.49; p < .000), Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (6 months) (d = 0.83; p < .000). The results indicate collaboration and early intervention contributes to strengthening the emerging development of the maternal-infant relationship within the context of complex maternal mental health issues.

PMID:34170035 | DOI:10.1002/imhj.21922

Addiction. 2021 Jun 25. doi: 10.1111/add.15571. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Existing assessments of the time-trends of opioid-related mortality, hospitalization and emergency department visits in Canada have relied mainly on provincial databases, while national assessments generally do not provide information before 2016. We aimed to estimate Canadian national time trends in opioid-related mortality from 2000 to 2017 and opioid-related hospitalization and emergency department visits between 2000 and 2012.

DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Residents of all Canadian provinces and territories for which comparable data were available from 2000 to 2017.

MEASUREMENTS: We identified opioid-related mortality, hospitalization and emergency department visits using validated algorithms using ICD codes from administrative databases. We calculated crude rates and sex- and age-adjusted rates per million. For hospitalizations, we calculated case-fatality, 90-day and 365-day all-cause mortality and opioid-related re-hospitalization rates. We used Poisson regression to examine the significance of the time trend.

FINDINGS: From 2000 to 2017, the adjusted opioid mortality rate in Canada (outside Quebec) increased significantly by 592.9% (from 20.0 opioid deaths per million in 2000 to 118.3 in 2017). The highest year-to-year increases were from 2015 to 2016 (31.8%) and from 2016 to 2017 (52.2%). The adjusted hospitalizations doubled significantly during the study period (an increase of 103.7%, from 159.7 opioid hospitalizations per million Canadians in 2000 to 325.3 in 2012). The adjusted rate of emergency department visits increased significantly by 188.7% (from 280.6 per million in 2000 to 810.1 in 2012). Case-fatality was 2.3% overall and was mainly constant during the study period. Both 90- and 365-day all-cause mortality increased significantly between 2000 and 2011 (from 1.7 to 3.1% and 3.9 to 7.4%, respectively), while re-hospitalization for opioid-related diagnoses was reduced (from 7.8 to 6.4% and 14.2 to 12.9%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: Opioid-related mortality, hospitalization and emergency department visits in Canada have been increasing gradually since 2000.

PMID:34170044 | DOI:10.1111/add.15571

J Ultrasound Med. 2021 Jun 25. doi: 10.1002/jum.15766. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To compare musculoskeletal changes on a physical examination (PE), ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hands and wrists of patients with Chikungunya fever (CF).

METHODS: The sample consisted of 30 patients in the chronic phase of CF. The sites analyzed were the interphalangeal (IP), metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and wrist/mediocarpal (WMC) joints and periarticular soft tissue. The interval between the PE and imaging tests was 7 days, and the interval between US and MRI was 2 days. The kappa coefficient was calculated to estimate the agreement between the PE and US and MRI findings and between the US and MRI findings.

RESULTS: Significant agreement was observed between PE and US in the diagnosis of synovitis. The only statistically significant agreement between US and MRI was the finding of flexor tenosynovitis; the agreement was moderate.

CONCLUSIONS: US has great potential for use in diagnosing synovitis suspected based on a PE. The limited agreement observed between US and MRI, in turn, may suggest a complementary role of these methods.

PMID:34170018 | DOI:10.1002/jum.15766

Cogn Sci. 2021 Jun;45(6):e13009. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13009.

ABSTRACT

The investigation of visual categorization has recently been aided by the introduction of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which achieve unprecedented accuracy in picture classification after extensive training. Even if the architecture of CNNs is inspired by the organization of the visual brain, the similarity between CNN and human visual processing remains unclear. Here, we investigated this issue by engaging humans and CNNs in a two-class visual categorization task. To this end, pictures containing animals or vehicles were modified to contain only low/high spatial frequency (HSF) information, or were scrambled in the phase of the spatial frequency spectrum. For all types of degradation, accuracy increased as degradation was reduced for both humans and CNNs; however, the thresholds for accurate categorization varied between humans and CNNs. More remarkable differences were observed for HSF information compared to the other two types of degradation, both in terms of overall accuracy and image-level agreement between humans and CNNs. The difficulty with which the CNNs were shown to categorize high-passed natural scenes was reduced by picture whitening, a procedure which is inspired by how visual systems process natural images. The results are discussed concerning the adaptation to regularities in the visual environment (scene statistics); if the visual characteristics of the environment are not learned by CNNs, their visual categorization may depend only on a subset of the visual information on which humans rely, for example, on low spatial frequency information.

PMID:34170027 | DOI:10.1111/cogs.13009

Turk Neurosurg. 2021 Mar 21. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.33347-20.2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To elucidate the association of MTHFR, MTRR and RAD54L gene variations in Turkish meningioma cohort.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: DNAs were isolated from 87 retrospective meningioma tumor samples. MTHFR, MTRR and RAD54L genes hot spot regions were amplified with specific primers by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed. All detected variations and single nucleotide polymorphisms were listed and compared with healthy control frequencies in different genomic databases. Histopathological characteristics of tumors and genomic variations were compared. The Pearson’s chi-square test was used to detect statistical differences of SNPs and correlation analysis was performed.

RESULTS: rs1801131, rs1801133 and rs4846051 on MTHFR gene, rs1801394 on MTRR gene, rs1048771 on RAD54L gene frequencies found to be significantly altered in overall cohort of 87 meningioma patients. The frequency of rs18011031 is 0.09 in meningioma which is significantly correlated with WHO grades of tumors (p=0.038). The frequency of rs18011033 is 0.29, and significantly correlated with WHO grades of tumors (p=0.045). The frequency of rs4846051 is 0.18 in meningioma cohort which is significantly correlated with WHO grades of tumors (p=0.023) and also with low Ki67 proliferation index (p=0.00455). The frequency of rs1801394 is 0.15 and significantly associated with high Ki67 proliferation index on meningioma tumors (p=0.0144). The frequency of rs1048771 is 0.09 in meningioma cohort and it is significantly associated with non-necrotic histopathological form of tumor (p=0.05).

CONCLUSION: We reported significant association between genetic alterations of folate metabolism (MTHFR, MTRR) and DNA repair mechanism (RAD54L) genes with the histopathological characteristics of the meningioma tumors. Five significant SNPs on these genes and four significant correlations of SNPs with histopathological characteristics were identified. Our study is a preliminary promising study to establish the genetics marker analysis for meningioma diagnosis and prognosis for folate metabolism and DNA repair associated genes in Turkish cohort.

PMID:34169999 | DOI:10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.33347-20.2