Category: Nevin Manimala

Injury. 2021 Nov 24:S0020-1383(21)00970-0. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.11.049. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mental stress and depressive disorders have negative effect on bone biology and increase fracture risk. Fluoxetine is a widely used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in the treatment of these disorders. We aimed to evaluate the effects of social stress and fluoxetine treatment on fracture healing.

METHODS: This study was performed with 32 male Sprague-Dawley® rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups with eight rats in each group. Social stress regimen was performed in groups 3 and 4 for 15 days. Placebo for groups 1 and 3 and fluoxetine for groups 2 and 4 was administrated. Rat femur open (osteotomy) fracture model was performed. Placebo and fluoxetine were continued to be given to the same groups for four weeks until sacrification of animals. Sacrificed right femurs of subjects were evaluated histologically and radiologically. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 23 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) program.

RESULTS: Fracture healing score that evaluates the fracture healing quantitatively based on histological scale and bone mineral density of group 3 were significantly lower than other groups, and there was no significant difference between other groups. Inflammation score of group 2 was significantly lower than group 3. Group 1 had higher new callus formation/original cortex volume than group 2 and group 3. In immunohistochemical evaluation, the H-score of BMP-7/osteoblast in group 3 was lower than in group 1. The H-score of CD34 in group 3 was lower than in group 1.

DISCUSSION: The positive and negative effects of fluoxetine, which is used in the treatment of depressive disorders, on wound, tendon, or bone healing have been shown in the literature. In this study, we showed the negative effects of depression on the early stages of fracture healing. Although fluoxetine had no detrimental effect on fracture healing in non-depressive rats, impaired fracture healing was reversed and better radiological and histological findings were obtained in depressive rats treated with fluoxetine. Our findings indicate that fluoxetine, which minimizes the negative effects of social stress on bone healing, can be used safely in the treatment of depressive disorders in patients with fractures.

PMID:34857371 | DOI:10.1016/j.injury.2021.11.049

ISA Trans. 2021 Nov 18:S0019-0578(21)00560-7. doi: 10.1016/j.isatra.2021.11.002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) is widely used in the fault detection for nonlinear complex chemical processes in recent years. However, insufficient data processing, fixed models and fault type single classification cannot be used in the time-varying process. Therefore, a novel adaptive sparse principal component analysis (ASPCA) algorithm fused with improved variation mode decomposition (IVMD) (ASPCA-IVMD) is proposed for fault detection in chemical processes. The bat algorithm is innovatively integrated to optimize the parameters of the variable modulus decomposition. Then the optimized parameters are used for data preprocessing to suppress noise. In addition, based on the traditional SPCA, the threshold calculation is fused to realize the adaptive selection of principal components. After the principal components are determined, T² and Q statistics are used for fault detection. Finally, the proposed method is verified by the Tennessee Eastman process case. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can select the principal components adaptively according to the data for having the real-time property of chemical process. Meanwhile, compared with traditional methods (principal component analysis, sparse principal component analysis, deep belief network integrating dropout, adaptive unscented Kalman filter integrating radial basis function and sparse deep belief network), the detection rate of the ASPCA-IVMD method is more than 99%, which shows superiority.

PMID:34857354 | DOI:10.1016/j.isatra.2021.11.002

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2021 Dec;131:112483. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112483. Epub 2021 Oct 13.

ABSTRACT

A rational design accurate based on the use of Statistical Design of the Experiments (DoE) and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Studies allows the prediction and the understanding of thermo-responsive hydrogels prepared regarding their gelation temperature and anti-cancer drug release rate. N-isopropylacrilamide (NIPAM) modified with specific co-monomers and crosslinkers, can be used to prepare “on-demand” thermo-responsive hydrogels with the ideal properties for clinical applications in which local sustained release of drugs is crucial. Two preferential formulations resulting from the predictive studies of DoE and In Silico methods were synthesized by radical polymerization, fully characterized, and loaded with the anticancer drug Doxorubicin (Dox). The hydrogel formulations were characterized by swelling rate, turbidity, FTIR, ¹H NMR, SEM, gelation time, rheology, and biocompatibility assays. Both formulations demonstrated adequate morphologic, rheological, and biocompatibility properties; however, important differences in terms of drug retention were detected. As demonstrated by a Dox cumulative release study and posteriorly confirmed by an efficacy assay in an in vitro colorectal cancer model, the formulation composed by NIPAM and 4-penten-1-ol crosslinked with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) (PNiPenPH) present a slow release over the time, presenting ideal properties to become and ideal depot system for the local sustained release of anticancer drugs as adjuvant therapy or in the case of non-resectable tumors.

PMID:34857269 | DOI:10.1016/j.msec.2021.112483

Talanta. 2022 Feb 1;238(Pt 1):122998. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122998. Epub 2021 Oct 29.

ABSTRACT

In this work, a method for total sulphur determination in automotive gasoline using dried matrix spot sampling is proposed. The method is based on the deposition of the sample on a cellulose-based filter paper and subsequent sulphur quantification via CS diatomic molecule using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GF MAS). The sample deposition was carried out, along with the chemical modifier, on a 20-mm filter paper disc previously adapted into a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mould. The liquid phase was removed by heating the PTFE mould, and then the gasoline sample-embedded filter paper was punched in smaller discs (procedure A) or pulverised (procedure B) before the analyses. The mixture of Pd and Mg was used as chemical modifier to stabilise the sulphur compounds on the filter paper and on the graphite furnace. All the calibration curves constructed using seven different sulphur-containing compounds had a coefficient of determination higher than 0.995 and a linear range from 2 to 150 mg kg^-1 S. By using the optimised conditions, the best characteristic mass, limits of detection and quantitation were 6 ng, 0.6 and 1.8 mg kg^-1, respectively. The two sampling procedures (A and B) were evaluated for real samples, and procedure B was chosen since it markedly improved the precision. Using this procedure, satisfactory recovery values from 95 to 106% were obtained in the spike-recovery tests. In addition, the S concentrations for the certified reference materials were not statistically different from the certified values at 95% confidence level. Sulphur concentrations from 20 to 46 mg kg^-1 were found in the six analysed gasoline samples, and these values were statistically assessed using a reference method (ASTM 5453). Spectral interference caused by MgF and MgCl diatomic molecules was observed and investigated.

PMID:34857331 | DOI:10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122998

Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021 Dec;46:532-538. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.08.007. Epub 2021 Sep 9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: European and North American guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition (PN) and large Randomized Controlled Trials give divergent advices on nutritional therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients. We therefore investigated differences in therapeutic strategies of clinicians between European and Non-European Intensive Care Units (ICU) regarding start day of PN, preferred route of administration and prescription of total energy targets over the years.

METHODS: In this study 16,032 patients from 1389 different ICUs were included. Data collection was performed in 28 different European and Non-European ICUs from 2007 to 2018 via nutritionDay, a worldwide-standardized one-day multinational cross-sectional audit.

RESULTS: In this analysis an abrupt delay in PN start days was observed in 2011 (7.64 days (4.31; 19.97); p = 0.001) and 2012 (6.41 days (3.1; 9.72); p = 0.001), which was significantly reversed within the following years until 2018. In European, compared to Non-European countries PN prescription was increased (27% versus 13%). Patients from North-America received significantly less kcal per day compared to Europe (-4.3 kcal kg^-1 (-6.9; -1.6); p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides further evidence on transatlantic discrepancies in nutritional therapy of ICU patients. Regular audits, such as nutritionDay are substantial for self-reflection of clinical daily practice of intensivists. It is time for worldwide consensus in nutritional therapy by developing worldwide guidelines and supporting standardization in nutrition care of critically ill patients.

PMID:34857246 | DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.08.007

J Sex Med. 2021 Dec;18(12):2005-2011. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.09.016.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Erectile dysfunction is one of many conditions associated with depression, but few studies exist to establish the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) in the large population of men with erectile dysfunction, and it is unclear whether erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment is associated with decreased rates of MDD.

AIM: We determined the risk of major depressive disorder in men with erectile dysfunction and evaluated whether treatment of ED with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor or penile prosthesis is associated with a lower risk of developing major depressive disorder.

METHODS: We reviewed a large, retrospective, cohort that utilized electronic health record data collected by the TriNetX Research Network, a global federated database that provides healthcare data for analysis. We performed multiple comparisons: men with ED against men without ED; men with ED treated with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors against untreated ED patients, and of men with ED who received penile prosthesis against those who did not. We assessed major depressive disorder (ICD-10-CM F32-F33) as a primary outcome and used propensity score matching to control for ethnicity, race, type 2 diabetes mellitus (E11), essential hypertension (I10), acute myocardial infarction (I21), chronic ischemic heart disease (I25), cerebral infarction (I63), overweight and obesity (E66), personal history of nicotine (Z87.891), hypogonadism (E29.1), and alcohol related disorders (F10).

OUTCOMES: We assessed new diagnosis of major depressive disorder (F32-F33) within a 3-year time window following index event of ED diagnosis, visit to healthcare organization, or ED treatment with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor or penile prosthesis as the primary outcome.

RESULTS: ED was associated with major depressive disorder both before and after (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.94-2.06) controlling for confounding variables through propensity score matching. Men who received ED therapies had lower rates of depression compared to those who did not, whether they were treated with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (0.80, 0.77-0.83) or penile prosthesis (0.73, 0.60-0.89).

STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: Strengths include a large sample size and robust statistical techniques. Limitations include lack of detailed information regarding clinical severity and socioeconomic factors.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Our findings indicate that clinicians should consider evaluating depressive symptoms among men with erectile dysfunction and counsel them regarding the risk of developing major depressive disorder.

CONCLUSIONS: Erectile dysfunction is associated with major depressive disorder, but treatment is associated with decreased rates of MDD. S Nackeeran, A Havanur, J Ory, et al. Erectile Dysfunction is a Modifiable Risk Factor for Major Depressive Disorder: Analysis of a Federated Research Network. J Sex Med 2021;18:2005-2011.

PMID:34857255 | DOI:10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.09.016

Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2021 Dec 2;59(12):1048-1054. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20210703-00549.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and compare the differences in efficacy of different disease-modifying drugs. Methods: An ambispective cohort study was conducted in 42 children diagnosed with MOGAD at Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital from January 2012 to March 2021 and conducted long-term follow-up to analyze clinical phenotypes and compare the efficacy of different disease-modifying drugs such as rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the annual relapse rate of disease-modifying drugs at different times, expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score at the last follow-up, and Wilcoxon rank test was used to compare the annual relapse rate before and after modified disease therapy. The Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) survival curve was used to compare the relapse rate of different disease-modifying drugs. Results: Of the 42 cases, 22 were male and 20 were female, with the age at disease onset of 5.96 (2.33-12.90) years. The disease duration was 4.46 (1.25-13.00) years at the last follow-up with 161 clinical acute attacks. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) was the most common phenotype of first attack and all attacks during disease course ((60% (25/42) for first attack, 38% (61/161) for all attacks). The most common clinical syndrome was neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) (50%, 21/42). Of the 42 children, 5 (12%) showed encephalitis and 6 (14%) combined with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody overlap syndrome. The most commonly involved areas of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were subcortical white matter (71%, 88/124), cortex (26%, 32/124) and periventricular white matter (25%, 32/124). Spinal cord MRI was most frequently involved in cervical (70%, 16/23) and thoracic (61%, 14/23) medulla, and 43% (10/23) longitudinally extensive transeverse myelitis. Disease-modifying drugs were used in 34 patients. The annual relapse rate after treatment with rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine decreased (all P<0.05) and there was no statistically significant difference in the annual relapse proportion among the groups (P=0.307). Conclusions: The most common clinical attack of first and all of MOGAD in children is ADEM, and the most common clinical syndrome is NMOSD. Rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine can reduce the annual relapse rate, but it is not clear effect of which treatment is better.

PMID:34856664 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20210703-00549

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2021 Dec 7;101(45):3724-3729. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210416-00919.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the effect of the cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw fixation combined with midline lumbar fusion (MIDLF) for adjacent spondylopathy after posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in 16 patients, including 9 males and 7 females, with a mean age of (68±6) years, who underwent revision surgery for adjacent spondylopathy after posterior lumbar fusion surgery using CBT combined with MIDLF technology in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University from May 2013 to August 2019. The reasons for revision were radiculalgia in 4 cases, intermittent claudication in 10 cases and protrusive dissociate in 2 cases. Eleven cases had 1 segment fused in the first operation, while the other 5 cases received fusion in 2 segments. The average interval time between the first operation and the revision operation was (7.5±2.0) years. For the levels underwent revision, 1 case was L_2/3, 6 cases were L_3/4, 7 cases were L_4/5 and 2 cases were L₅/S₁. Before the operation, all the patients took X-rays scans of the thoracic and lumbar spine. CT and MRI scans were also performed. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, surgical complications, visual analog scale (VAS) of low back and leg pain before the operation and at each follow-up were all recorded. Oswestry disability index (ODI) questionnaire was used to evaluate the functional improvement of patients after the operation. Results: All operations were completed successfully. The operation time was 120-240 (170±30) mins, intraoperative bleeding was 100-280 (220±45) ml. One case had a slight split in the isthmus, and the screw was inserted smoothly after adjusting the insertion point. In one case, the cerebrospinal fluid leaked during the operation and was successfully treated with conservative methods including no pillow supine treatment and strengthened anti-infection. The average follow-up time was of (19.5±1.3) months. The VAS of low back pain was 2.9±1.7 before the operation and it was 1.8±0.5 at the last follow-up, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The VAS of leg pain was 5.9±1.5 before the operation and it was 1.5±0.4 at the last the follow-up (P<0.01). The ODI score was 34.5±3.2 preoperatively and it decreased to 12.6±4.2 at the last follow-up, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: CBT technique combined with MIDLF for the adjacent-segment disease after posterior lumbar interbody fusion is minimally invasive and convenient, with good clinical effects. This technique can be used as an option for the revision of adjacent spondylopathy.

PMID:34856700 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210416-00919

Eur J Dent. 2021 Dec 2. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1735798. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to investigate the toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion of dental sealants.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Weight loss (∆W) and depth loss (∆D) were used as abrasion indicators. Sealant samples from nine products were soaked in dentifrice slurry and abraded by using a toothbrushing machine with a brushing force of 300 g. The mean percentages of ∆W and mean values of ∆D after 24,000 and 48,000 strokes of brushing were compared by using paired t-test. A comparison of these mean values among sealant products was performed by using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison analysis (Scheffe’s test).

RESULTS: Abrasive wear was observed in all sealants. Teethmate F-1 (Kuraray Noritake, Tokyo, Japan)-a fluoride-releasing unfilled sealant-exhibited the maximum abrasive wear, with ∆W and ∆D values of 1.14% ± 0.37% and 12.84 ± 4.28 µm, respectively. Delton (Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States), a light-cured unfilled sealant, showed the minimum abrasive wear, with ∆W and ∆D values of 0.41% ± 0.09% and 2.93 ± 1.23 µm, respectively. No statistical differences were observed among unfilled sealants except when compared with Teethmate F-1. Similarly, no differences were observed when comparing among filled sealants and flowable composite.

CONCLUSION: Abrasive wear occurred in all sealants after brushing with dentifrice. Almost all unfilled sealants showed less wear compared with both filled sealants and flowable composite. However, the low abrasive values of all sealants after brushing with dentifrice implied that there is no clinical significance to this finding.

PMID:34856628 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1735798