Category: Nevin Manimala

J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2025;35(4):51-61. doi: 10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025060463.

ABSTRACT

Osseointegration is related to the stability of the screw and influences the success rate of implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation, as it promotes natural healing and effective bone formation, facilitating the preservation of the implant in the recipient site. Factors such as surgical technique, insertion torque, the type of recipient bone, and the macro- and microstructure of the implant can affect screw stability. The objective of this study is to analyze in vivo the influence of insertion torque, recipient bone type, and peri-implant bone loss on the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values of cylindrical implants with external hexagon (EH) and Morse taper (MT) connections, featuring a new surface treatment called referenced acid etching (RAE). A total of 40 implants were placed in edentulous areas following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Immediately after implant placement (t0), insertion torque, resonance frequency, digital periapical radiographs, and peri-implant evaluation were recorded. Resonance frequency analysis, periapical radiographs, and peri-implant evaluations were repeated after osseointegration (t1) and 180 d after rehabilitation (t2). The data obtained were statistically analyzed using specific tests for each type of analysis, with a significance level of 5%. Regarding the ISQ value at t1, it resulted in a high value, with a significant reduction at t2, for both types of connection, there was bone resorption for the HE and bone gain for the MT. The installation of the implants up to 180 d of prosthesis functionality, stability, bone gain or loss and type of bone, presented clinically acceptable conditions for all connections studied.

PMID:41213051 | DOI:10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025060463

J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2025;35(4):15-20. doi: 10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025057382.

ABSTRACT

Biomarkers within peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) are emerging as pivotal diagnostic agents, promising heightened accuracy in identifying peri-implant diseases. The present study aimed to assess the impact of non-sur-gical therapy on PICF calprotectin levels in patients with peri-implantitis. A total of 40 individuals aged between 30 and 60 years were enrolled: Group I (n = 20 healthy peri-implant sites) and Group IIa (n = 20 peri-implantitis sites). Clinical parameters such as peri-implant probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. PICF samples were collected and assayed for calprotectin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After clinical examination and PICF collection at baseline, mechanical debridement was done for peri-implantitis patients, and after 3 months, clinical examination and PICF collection was done (Group IIb). The results were statistically analyzed. The PICF calprotectin level was higher in Group IIa (43.76 ± 3.64 ng/mL) as compared with Group I (11.36 ±2.53 ng/mL). Between Groups IIa and IIb, there was a significant reduction in PPD, CAL, and calprotectin from baseline to 3 months (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation in Groups IIa and IIb revealed that the correlation between calprotectin and clinical parameters was strongly positive and statistically significant. The present study suggests that there was a significant reduction in PICF calprotectin levels among peri-implantitis patients after mechanical debridement. Also, there exists a positive correlation between PICF calprotectin and peri-implant health parameters.

PMID:41213047 | DOI:10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025057382

JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Nov 3;8(11):e2548121. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.48121.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Home health aides (HHAs) frequently care for adults with heart failure (HF), but many lack HF training, confidence with HF caregiving, and cannot reach their nurse supervisors by telephone when they need guidance. This may have negative consequences for HHAs and patients.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of an education- and communication-based intervention among HHAs caring for patients with HF.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This 2-group pilot randomized clinical trial was conducted in partnership with a large home care agency in New York, New York, from May 2022 to May 2024. HHAs caring for a patient with HF participated. Outcomes were ascertained on an intent-to-treat basis at baseline, mid-study (45 days after the training course), and 90 days.

INTERVENTIONS: The enhanced usual care (EUC) group received HF training, and the intervention group received HF training plus a mobile health application that allowed HHAs to message nurses.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Co-primary outcomes were HF knowledge (assessed using the Dutch HF Knowledge Scale [DHFKS]; range 0-15; higher score indicates greater knowledge) and HF caregiver self-efficacy (assessed using the Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care in HF Index; range, 0-100; higher score indicates greater efficacy). The secondary outcome was self-reported preventable 911 calls. Exploratory outcomes included patient emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. Mixed-effects models were used to compare trajectories of outcomes between and within study groups.

RESULTS: A total of 102 HHAs (mean [SD] age, 54 [10.5] years; 98 [96.1%] female) were assessed, including 50 in the EUC group and 52 in the intervention group. Overall, 62 HHAs (62.0%) were Black, 1 HHA (1.0%) was American Indian or Alaska Native, 7 HHAs (7.0%) were Asian, 9 HHAs (9.0%) were White, and 21 HHAs (21.0%) identified as other race; 27 HHAs (27.0%) were Hispanic. Within the intervention group, DHFKS scores improved at 90 days, from a median (IQR) score of 6.1 (5.5-6.7) points at baseline to 7.7 (7.0-8.4) points at 90 days (P = .02); however the change did not differ between groups. Across both groups, HHAs with the lowest baseline DHFKS and self-efficacy had the greatest increases at 90 days (median [IQR] change: DHFKS, 1.45 [0.84-2.04] points; self-efficacy, 8.06 [4.42-11.71] points). At 90 days, there were no statistically significant within-group differences in the proportion of HHAs reporting preventable 911 calls group (intervention: 0.51 [95% CI, 0.37-0.64] at baseline vs. 0.34 [95% CI, 0.2-0.49] at 90 days; P = .06; EUC: 0.42 [95% CI, 0.28-0.56] at baseline vs 0.54 [95% CI, 0.38-0.70] at 90 days; P = .21), but the difference between groups was statistically significant (P = .04). This pilot study was not powered for patient-level outcomes, so the risk of ED visits for patients of intervention HHAs (incidence rate ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.25-1.28]; P = .17) should be considered exploratory.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this randomized clinical trial of HHAs caring for patients with HF, HF training improved HHAs’ knowledge and self-efficacy, with greatest gains among those with the lowest baseline scores. The ability to message nurses was associated with fewer preventable 911 calls among HHAs in the intervention group. These findings can inform the design of a large-scale trial to better support and integrate HHAs providing HF care.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04239911.

PMID:41213039 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.48121

Mol Pharm. 2025 Nov 10. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00799. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

A spray-dried powder formulation of 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) recently showed significantly improved tumor reduction and systemic exposure for the potential treatment of metastatic lung cancer. To support clinical use, the target product profile required double the active loading. Here, a series of powders were spray dried to increase 5-AZA loading in the formulation, and process parameters were varied to identify variables controlling powder properties. Formulations were sprayed via in-line mixing, where separate dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and aqueous solutions were mixed immediately upstream of atomization. A core-shell structure was observed matching previous reports of spray-dried l-leucine with sugar from water and ethanol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the process and structure of spray-dried l-leucine and trehalose using DMSO and water as processing solvents. Powders with glass transition temperatures (T_g) below room temperature were successfully manufactured with high yields, attributed to the crystalline l-leucine shell surrounding the low T_g core. The residual DMSO was controlled by the DMSO:water ratio and the composition of the core. Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) was employed to understand droplet drying processes by developing ternary phase diagrams and drying trajectories. This work enables the manufacture of both dry inhalable 5-AZA powder for the treatment of lung cancer and low T_g materials previously thought to be unmanufacturable via spray drying. It also highlights the importance of aligning experimental data and theoretical models to improve our understanding of complex processes.

PMID:41213010 | DOI:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00799

Circulation. 2025 Nov 10. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.125.077304. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Transthyretin amyloidosis with cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a progressive disease caused by the deposition of transthyretin as amyloid in the myocardium. Current therapies may slow disease progression but do not clear existing deposits. Coramitug is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets misfolded transthyretin, designed to promote clearance of transthyretin amyloid through antibody-mediated phagocytosis.

METHODS: This phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized participants with ATTR-CM to receive infusions every 4 weeks of either coramitug at two dosages (10 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg) or placebo in a 1:1:1 ratio for 52 weeks. The primary endpoints were the change from baseline to week 52 in the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and N-terminal pro-brain type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels. Safety was assessed for up to 64 weeks by assessing treatment-emergent adverse events, all-cause mortality, and number of cardiovascular (CV) events comprising hospitalization due to CV events or urgent heart failure visits.

RESULTS: In total, 104 participants (median age 77 years; 93% men; 84% New York Heart Association class II; 13% with variant ATTR-CM) were randomized and dosed: 34 to coramitug 10 mg/kg, 35 to coramitug 60 mg/kg, 35 to placebo. Median NT-proBNP was 1985 pg/mL (interquartile range: 1224, 3406 pg/mL). In total, 90% of participants were on disease-modifying therapy; 84% were treated with tafamidis and 7 (6.7%) with TTR silencers (patisiran, n=4; vutrisiran, n=3). From baseline to week 52, coramitug 60 mg/kg significantly reduced NT-proBNP levels compared with placebo (-48%; 95% CI: -65%, -22%; P=0.0017). The change in 6MWT from baseline to week 52 was not statistically different from placebo with either dose. Coramitug 60 mg/kg was associated with improved functional echocardiographic parameters and was well tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS: This phase 2 trial showed that coramitug, an antibody targeting misfolded transthyretin in ATTR-CM, was well tolerated and at a dose of 60 mg/kg resulted in a statistically significant reduction in NT-proBNP, a validated marker of disease progression, with no statistically significant effect on 6MWT within 52 weeks.

PMID:41212997 | DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.125.077304

J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2025 Nov 10:1-16. doi: 10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00736. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Reproducibility is a core principle of science, and access to a study’s data is essential to reproduce its findings. However, data sharing is uncommon in the discipline of communication sciences and disorders (CSD), often due to concerns related to privacy and disclosure risks. Synthetic data offer a potential solution to this barrier by generating artificial data sets that do not represent real individuals yet retain statistical properties and relationships from the original data. This study aimed to explore the feasibility and preliminary utility of synthetic data to promote transparency and reproducibility in the discipline of CSD.

METHOD: Ten open data sets were obtained from previously published research within the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association “Big Nine” domains (articulation, cognition, communication, fluency, hearing, language, social communication, voice and resonance, and swallowing) across a range of study outcomes and designs. Synthetic data sets were generated with the synthpop R package. General utility was assessed visually and with the standardized ratio of the propensity mean squared error (S_pMSE). Specific utility assessed whether inferential relationships from the original data were preserved in the synthetic data set by comparing model fit indices, coefficients, and p values.

RESULTS: All synthetic data sets showed strong general utility, maintaining univariate and bivariate distributions. Six of nine synthetic data sets that used inferential statistics showed strong specific utility, maintaining inferential relationships from the original analysis. Specific utility was low in three data sets with hierarchical structures.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that synthetic data can effectively maintain statistical properties and relationships across a wide range of nonhierarchical data commonly seen in the discipline of CSD. Other approaches for hierarchical data need to be explored in future work. Researchers who use synthetic data should assess its utility in preserving their results for their own data and use-case.

OPEN SCIENCE FORM: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.30569957.

PMID:41212974 | DOI:10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00736

Nutr Neurosci. 2025 Nov 10:1-11. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2025.2587076. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Recent research highlights the central role of emotion in psychopathology, with Panksepp’s Affective Neuroscience Theory identifying seven primary emotional systems critical for mammalian survival. Although this framework has advanced understanding of disorders such as depression and addiction, its application to eating pathology remains limited.

OBJECTIVE: The present study integrates affective neuroscience with behavioural analysis, conceptualizing emotions not merely as neural activations but as classes of behaviour shaped by phylogenetic selection and ontogenetic contingencies.

METHODS: Eating disorders, characterized by maladaptive eating patterns that impair physical and psychological functioning, are examined here as emotional-behavioural phenomena maintained by reinforcement processes. This cross-sectional, correlational study investigated associations between emotional systems and disordered eating.

RESULTS: Weak but statistically significant correlations were found between negative emotional systems (FEAR, PANIC/GRIEF, RAGE) and disordered eating (r ≈ .15-.25, 95% CI [.07, .35]), suggesting that difficulties in emotion regulation may act as antecedents and reinforcers of maladaptive coping behaviours. Positive emotional systems (PLAY, CARE, SEEKING) showed no significant relationships, indicating heterogeneous reward contingencies among individuals with eating pathology. Exploratory gender-stratified analyses revealed small differences in emotional correlates but no moderation effects, underscoring similar functional mechanisms across sexes.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings are interpreted within a functional-analytic framework, proposing that disordered eating is maintained by negative reinforcement, reducing aversive private events such as shame, fear, or panic. Clinically, results highlight the need for integrated, context-sensitive interventions that target emotion regulation and avoidance mechanisms across genders.

PMID:41212971 | DOI:10.1080/1028415X.2025.2587076

J Refract Surg. 2025 Nov;41(11):e1162-e1167. doi: 10.3928/1081597X-20250821-03. Epub 2025 Nov 1.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the ultrastructure and apoptosis of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) lenticules under different preservation conditions.

METHODS: A total of 104 corneal stromal lenticules of 52 patients (13 men and 39 women, age 28.85 ± 6.45 years, mean spherical error -4.27 ± 1.34 diopters [D]) were collected from small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgeries, and were immediately preserved using glycerol, silicone oil, Optisol (Bausch & Lomb), and cryopreservation for 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month. Fresh lenticules were taken as control groups. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied for evaluation of ultrastructure and terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) for cell apoptosis ratio. Changes of quantity of collagen in TEM were evaluated in each group among all time points.

RESULTS: HE staining showed that collagen in the fresh lenticules had an orderly arrangement with few vacuoles. In each preservation group, vacuoles and changes in arrangement of collagen were observed. TEM showed that the mean density of collagen was lowest at 1 month in the glycerol, silicone oil, and cryopreservation groups and highest at 1 month in the Optisol group. Quantities of collagen of lenticules preserved for 1 day and 1 week in the Optisol group were not statistically significantly different from those in the fresh group. At the same storage time, the mean density of collagen was the highest in the cryopreservation group at 1 day and the Optisol group at 1 month, and there was no statistically significant difference among the other groups. There was no statistically significant difference in apoptotic cell ratio among groups.

CONCLUSIONS: SMILE lenticules preserved using glycerol, silicone oil, Optisol, and cryopreservation within 1 month maintain a similar cell viability level as fresh lenticules.

PMID:41212966 | DOI:10.3928/1081597X-20250821-03

J Neurophysiol. 2025 Nov 10. doi: 10.1152/jn.00067.2025. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Predictive control enables humans to anticipate future events by combining sensory feedback with internal models. In interception tasks, such mechanisms could allow the visual system to estimate future target positions, supporting timely and accurate motor responses. Here, we investigated predictive gaze behavior in a visuomotor task where participants used a joystick to intercept a moving target that rebounded within a circular arena. Eye movements were classified into fixations, smooth pursuit, and saccades using a velocity-based method. The arena’s geometry constrained rebound angles and facilitated standardized trajectory analysis. Participants consistently deployed fixations aligned with the target’s anticipated post-rebound path, as confirmed by fixations that were closer to future than to current target positions. Moreover, saccade and fixation onsets were time-locked to the rebound event, reflecting anticipatory adjustments based on the statistical regularities of the task. Gaze alignment was modulated by the target’s entry angle and velocity: steeper entries and higher speeds compressed fixation timing but increased spatial variability. Visual masking of the target disrupted predictive gaze, highlighting the critical role of target visibility in guiding anticipatory behavior. These findings demonstrate the crucial role of predictive fixations in visuomotor coordination, offering a broader understanding of anticipatory behaviors and their applications. Our task design offers a controlled platform to study anticipatory gaze strategies, with potential applications for clinical diagnostics, skill training, and human-computer interaction.

PMID:41212615 | DOI:10.1152/jn.00067.2025

J Appl Physiol (1985). 2025 Nov 10. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00834.2025. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Background: Night-shift work is prevalent among healthcare workers and disrupt circadian rhythms, potentially influencing blood pressure (BP) regulation. Pregnancy itself causes significant BP fluctuations, and night shifts may exacerbate these changes, increasing the risk of hypertension disorders. However, studies on the impact of shift work on BP patterns in pregnancy in a free-living environment is currently lacking. Method: We recruited 25 pregnant nurses in their second trimester, comprising 13 on day shifts (DS) and 12 on night shifts (NS), from eight urban hospitals in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Resting BP (systolic – SBP; diastolic – DBP; mean arterial pressure – MAP; and pulse pressure – PP) was assessed before and after shift work. Data were analyzed to compare pre- and post- shift measurements between DS and NS workers using a Linear Mixed-Effects Model, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: NS workers showed significantly higher post-shift DBP and MAP compared to DS workers (p < 0.001). In contrast, NS workers exhibited a significant post-shift decrease in pulse pressure (PP) than the DS group (p < 0.001), indicating distinct acute hemodynamic responses to NS work. Conclusions: NS work in pregnant nurses is associated with acute elevations in DBP and MAP, along with a significant reduction in PP following the shift. These findings suggest that NS may trigger distinct hemodynamic stress responses during pregnancy, potentially increasing short-term cardiovascular load.

PMID:41212601 | DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.00834.2025