Category: Nevin Manimala

J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2025 Dec 9. doi: 10.1007/s11239-025-03211-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Clinical practice guidelines on the optimal thromboprophylaxis duration following total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA) and hip fracture surgery are inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the effect of pharmacological prophylaxis duration on postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) in these patients. The primary outcome was the incidence of symptomatic and confirmed VTE at three months following surgery. A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE Complete (EBSCO), Embase, CINAHL complete (EBSCO), Web of Science and in CENTRAL databases, for randomised controlled trials comparing extended (minimum 28 days for THA and 10 days for TKA) vs. shorter duration thromboprophylaxis or placebo following these operations. Fifteen trials with a total of 26,580 participants were identified. Compared to shorter prophylaxis, extended thromboprophylaxis reduced 90-day symptomatic and confirmed VTE (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.26-0.72; P = 0.001, I² = 0%; P = 0.75, respectively), significant only in the THA subgroup (P = 0.002). Beneficial effects were also observed with 30-day deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.20-0.50; P < 0.001) and proximal DVT incidence (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.12-0.41; P < 0.001) following THA. There were insufficient data to support extended prophylaxis for hip fracture surgery or TKA. Extending thromboprophylaxis up to 25-35 days appeared to reduce the incidence of 90-day symptomatic and confirmed VTE, particularly after THA. However, contemporary perioperative protocols, including early mobilisation and risk stratification, must be considered in determining optimal prophylaxis duration.

PMID:41364287 | DOI:10.1007/s11239-025-03211-1

Eur J Popul. 2025 Dec 9. doi: 10.1007/s10680-025-09761-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Despite ongoing efforts to reduce health disparities, substantial mortality differences persist across and within European countries. Avoidable mortality, i.e. deaths preventable through timely medical care or effective public health measures, provides a useful framework for assessing these inequalities. While previous studies largely focus on national differences, this study examines spatial differences and trends in avoidable mortality at the district level. We analysed official cause-of-death statistics for 581 districts across 10 European countries from 2002 to 2019, using age-standardised death rates (SDR) as the primary outcome. Spatiotemporal clusters were identified using emerging hotspot analysis. Our results show that SDRs for avoidable mortality declined across most districts for both sexes, yet marked disparities persist between men and women and between amenable and preventable mortality. Districts in Central and Eastern Europe consistently exhibited higher SDRs than those in Western and Southern Europe, while Germany occupies an intermediate position with particularly high rates for amenable mortality. Spatiotemporal hotspot analysis confirmed these patterns and showed that persistent high-mortality (hotspots) and low-mortality (coldspots) clusters persist, reflecting both substantial within-country inequalities and cohesive cross-border mortality patterns. These findings suggest that national boundaries are not always the most meaningful lines for explaining health outcomes. Instead, local socioeconomic and structural determinants of health play a central role. Persistent hotspots highlight areas where targeted interventions are urgently needed, while coldspots may offer lessons for best practices. Addressing these inequalities requires targeted, place-based, and transnational strategies to effectively reduce health inequalities in Europe.

PMID:41364281 | DOI:10.1007/s10680-025-09761-7

J Robot Surg. 2025 Dec 9;20(1):65. doi: 10.1007/s11701-025-03031-8.

ABSTRACT

Robotic surgery enables automated capture of objective performance indicators (OPIs), which reflect gestures at the surgeon consoles as well as activity at the patient cart. This systematic review evaluated associations between OPIs and clinical outcomes from robotic surgery. Across nine studies, OPIs were associated with various intra-operative and post-operative outcomes, including estimated blood loss, operative time, hospital stay, continence recovery, quality of life, and positive surgical margins. Studies involving predictive models demonstrated improved outcome prediction when combining OPIs with patient and disease characteristics compared to using clinical variables alone. These findings suggest that OPIs provide meaningful data in regard to surgical quality and patient outcomes. Further multicenter research across surgical specialties and robotic platforms is needed to validate the potential utility of OPIs in surgical training, benchmarking, and quality assessment.

PMID:41364267 | DOI:10.1007/s11701-025-03031-8

Discov Oncol. 2025 Dec 9. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-04121-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults, malignant progression and recurrence are inevitable. Although mechanisms of glioma development and progression have been demonstrated, the underlying driver pathway activation and the related therapeutic targets of recurrent gliomas, notably recurrent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type gliomas, are rudimentary.

METHODS: We analyzed the differential expression genes (DEGs) between two subgroups of 80 IDH wild-type recurrent gliomas from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). We then constructed and validated an 11-gene signature based on cell cycle-related DEGs. SPSS and R languages ​​were used for statistical analysis and graphical work.

RESULTS: We proposed a molecular classification based on gene expression profiles and divided them into two subtypes that differed in their biological features and prognoses. We then constructed and validated an 11-gene signature based on cell cycle-related DEGs to better explore the association between cell cycle and tumor malignant progression. Additionally, the risk score could predict the sensitivity of patients to radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Functional analysis demonstrated that genes associated with the high-risk group were involved in various aspects of glioma cell cycle regulation. Moreover, the knockdown of SYCE2 blocked cell proliferation and improved cell sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ).

CONCLUSION: This study developed a cell cycle-related signature for predicting the prognosis of recurrent IDH wild-type glioma, and identified a novel biomarker SYCE2, which could be used to assess the response of patients to TMZ.

PMID:41364265 | DOI:10.1007/s12672-025-04121-7

Br J Nutr. 2025 Dec 9:1-32. doi: 10.1017/S0007114525105862. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Cancer-related fatigue is a common problem among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors even after completion of treatment. In a randomized trial, we assessed the effect of a person-centred lifestyle program on cancer-related fatigue among CRC survivors who completed treatment.Survivors who completed treatment at least six months but no longer than five years ago, and who were experiencing cancer-related fatigue were randomized to intervention or control group. The intervention group worked with a lifestyle coach for six months during 12 sessions, to stepwise increase adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research cancer prevention guidelines on healthy diet and physical activity. Control group did not receive lifestyle coaching. Changes in cancer-related fatigue from baseline to six months were assessed with the FACIT-Fatigue Scale. As secondary outcome, we assessed changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Higher scores indicate less fatigue and better HRQoL.80 participants were randomized to the intervention group; 81 to the control group. Baseline characteristics were similar: mean age 64.1±10.9 years, 55.3% women, 72% had colon cancer. There were favourable changes in dietary behaviours and physical activity in the intervention group; the control group did not show changes to the same extent. The program did not result in statistically significant differential changes over time between intervention and control group in cancer-related fatigue (0.8; 95%CI -1.6,3.2) or HRQoL (1.3; 95%CI -2.2,4.8).A person-centred lifestyle program improved lifestyle of CRC survivors, but the program was not effective in reducing cancer-related fatigue or in improving HRQoL.

PMID:41363069 | DOI:10.1017/S0007114525105862

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025 Dec;24(12):e70578. doi: 10.1111/jocd.70578.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Melasma is a common chronic hyperpigmentation disorder that substantially impairs patients’ quality of life. With the rapid growth of short-video platforms such as TikTok and Bilibili, an increasing number of patients are turning to these media for health-related information. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and reliability of melasma-related videos available on TikTok and Bilibili.

METHODS: Between August 17 and 19, 2025, we searched Douyin (the Chinese version of TikTok) and Bilibili using the Chinese keyword “” (“melasma”), and included the top 150 videos under each platform’s default comprehensive ranking. The search and analysis were conducted in Chinese, reflecting the linguistic and geographical context of mainland China. Video characteristics and engagement metrics were recorded. The quality and reliability of the videos were independently evaluated by two researchers using the Global Quality Score (GQS) and the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) instrument.

RESULTS: A total of 237 videos were included in this study. Content was dominated by clinical manifestations (46.8%), etiology (44.3%), and diagnosis (40.1%), whereas treatment-related content was markedly underrepresented (9.7%). The median video length was 127.00 s (70.75-270.50) on Bilibili and 47.00 s (35.00-96.00) on TikTok. TikTok videos achieved significantly higher engagement than Bilibili (p < 0.05). Overall video quality was moderate, with both GQS and mDISCERN showing a median score of 3.00 (IQR: 2.00-4.00). The mDISCERN score of Bilibili videos was 3.00 (3.00-4.00), significantly higher than TikTok (p < 0.05). Videos uploaded by healthcare professionals scored 3.00 (3.00-4.00) on GQS and 3.00 (2.00-4.00) on mDISCERN, both significantly higher than those uploaded by non-healthcare professionals (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: This study found that melasma-related short videos presented an incomplete content structure, with treatment-related information being markedly underrepresented. The overall quality of the videos was moderate, whereas those produced by healthcare professionals demonstrated higher quality and reliability. Future efforts should encourage greater participation from healthcare professionals and the implementation of refined content strategies, with the aim of improving both the quality and educational value of dermatology-related short video resources.

PMID:41363060 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.70578

J Fish Biol. 2025 Dec 9. doi: 10.1111/jfb.70286. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray, 1832), commonly known as snow trout, is a widely consumed food fish in the cold-water drainages of the Himalayas and serves as a significant source of animal protein for communities living along the riverbanks. This study examined morphological and genetic variations in six stocks of S. richardsonii from the Ganga and Chenab river systems in the Central and Western Indian Himalayas, utilizing the truss network analysis and mitochondrial COX1 gene marker. A total of 268 fish samples were collected for morphometric analysis, of which 34 were used for genetic study, from six distinct locations between August 2021 and July 2022. Various statistical analyses were performed, including univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), canonical discriminant function analysis (CDFA) and boxplot analysis. Seventy-one morphometric measurements of fish showed statistically significant variations (p < 0.01) among six locations of the two river basins forming six different fish stocks. The origins of the dorsal, pectoral fins and eye diameter were found to be important parameters in morphological discrimination. Furthermore, sequencing and analysis of the mitochondrial COX1 gene of 34 specimens of S. richardsonii revealed the highest haplotype (0.80000) and nucleotide (0.00265) diversities in the Pindar River. A newly emerged haplotype, Hap_7, was identified in the Rajouri Tawi. Phylogenetic analysis showed clear geographical divergence among the populations. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) identified morphometric variations that were attributed to differences in water velocity and transparency of the selected drainages, whereas genetic variations were associated with differences in water temperature, prolonged geographical isolation, geological changes and reproductive isolation between populations. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the morphometric and genetic population structure and evolutionary dynamics, which will help resolve the taxonomic ambiguity and suggest potential population structure and indicate possible management units for this vulnerable species.

PMID:41363057 | DOI:10.1111/jfb.70286

J Vasc Access. 2025 Dec 9:11297298251398418. doi: 10.1177/11297298251398418. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Central venous catheters are recommended for chemotherapy administration, but peripheral intravenous catheters are frequently used. This study examined venous access practices (central vs peripheral) for administering antineoplastic agents to patients with solid or hematologic malignancies and assessed the associated educational aspects.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A questionnaire developed according to the Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research Guidelines was distributed to Italian hematology/oncology nurses who performed intravenous chemotherapy administration and peripheral vein cannulation. Of 171 questionnaires returned, 141 were completed.

RESULTS: Statistics showed that 33% of respondents used peripheral veins for at least 25% of patients within 30-day period. Peripheral veins were chosen because of organizational challenges, urgency, and central catheter issues or malfunctions. Irritant and vesicant drugs were administered by 60% and 49.3% of respondents. The study found 81.7% of nurses received additional education on chemotherapy administration. While 95.8% of nurses informed patients about chemotherapy side effects and extravasation signs, 77.5% did not document this in patients’ charts. Informed consent forms often lacked specifications for peripheral vein administration (63.9%), essential for safe antineoplastic agent administration.

CONCLUSIONS: The survey highlighted the need for standardized guidelines for intravenous chemotherapy, as peripheral veins serve multiple purposes.

PMID:41363047 | DOI:10.1177/11297298251398418

Emerg Microbes Infect. 2025 Dec 9:2602315. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2025.2602315. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of the H5, H7, and H10 subtypes pose substantial threats to global public health owing to their high pathogenicity, cross-species transmissibility, and potential to spark epidemics. Rapid and accurate detection is essential for outbreak control and zoonotic risk mitigation. Here, we report the development of a multiplex lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) based on core-shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) conjugated with subtype-specific monoclonal antibodies targeting the haemagglutinin proteins of H5, H7, and H10 AIVs. The assay achieved limits of detection of 0.0313, 0.0156, and 0.0625 ng/mL for recombinant HA proteins and 2^-4, 2^-4, and 2^-3 haemagglutination units for viral titers of H5, H7, and H10, respectively. No cross-reactivity was observed with other AIV subtypes or respiratory pathogens, and intra- and inter-assay variation remained below 6%, demonstrating high specificity and reproducibility. Validation with 135 avian and 125 human clinical samples showed complete concordance with real-time RT-PCR results. Integration with a smartphone-based analytical platform enabled rapid readout, automated quantification, and cloud-based data sharing, providing results within 10 minutes. This intelligent UCNPs-LFA system combines ultra sensitivity, multiplexing, and field-deployable usability, representing a significant advance over conventional methods. By enabling timely and reliable detection of H5, H7, and H10 AIVs in both animal and human samples, this platform offers a practical tool for early warning, surveillance, and control of emerging zoonotic influenza, thereby contributing to global preparedness against avian influenza outbreaks.

PMID:41363045 | DOI:10.1080/22221751.2025.2602315

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2025 Dec 9. doi: 10.1002/jpn3.70298. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: We aim to categorize the mechanical properties of the esophagus in children with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in different disease stages and based on different management modalities, using endoscopic functional luminal imaging probe (EndoFLIP) which has been established to objectively evaluate mechanical properties of the esophagus in patients with EoE.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of children who completed EndoFLIP during sedated endoscopy over 2 years. Patients with EoE were categorized into EoE remission or active EoE based on published guidelines. Control subjects were those with normal endoscopy, esophageal biopsies, and EndoFLIP parameters. EndoFLIP studies were analyzed for distensibility index (DI) and maximum diameter (MD) at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ), as well as contractile response (CR).

RESULTS: We included 130 subjects, 60 controls, and 70 with EoE (34 [49%] had active EoE and 36 [51%] were in remission). DI and MD were significantly lower in active EoE compared to controls (p < 0.001). DI and MD were significantly lower in initial (baseline) EoE compared to active EoE on therapy (p < 0.05) and EoE remission (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in DI and MD between EoE subgroups on different therapies.

CONCLUSION: Assessment of esophageal mechanical properties using EndoFLIP provides valuable information on disease severity in pediatric EoE. In our cohort, histological remission achieved with therapies such as proton pump inhibitors, topical steroids, and dupilumab was associated with improved distensibility and diameter at the EGJ. However, a subset of patients continued to demonstrate abnormal EndoFLIP findings despite histologic improvement.

PMID:41363038 | DOI:10.1002/jpn3.70298