Category: Nevin Manimala

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 20;15(1):26321. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11463-3.

ABSTRACT

The present study evaluates the toxicological effects of carbosulfan by observing the mortality, behavioural responses, and alteration of oxidative biomarkers such as CAT, SOD, and MDA. The mortality rate of tubificid worms exposed to the toxicant differed substantially (p < 0.05) from the control group at all concentrations throughout the experiment. The p-value less than 0.05 indicates that the changes in these biomarkers were statistically significant. The severity of behavioural changes included irregular movement, decreased clumping proclivity, mucus production, and a surge in autotomy. Long-term exposure to two sub-lethal doses of CBSF (0.831 mg/L and 1.632 mg/L) resulted in the disintegration of longitudinal muscles of tubificid worms, the continuity of longitudinal muscle (LM) parallel to the gut, and ruptured mucus channel (MC) from the anterior portion of the worm. In addition, scanning electron microscope images revealed the alteration of epidermal lesions, setal anomalies, and clitellar swelling due to CBSF exposure. The oxidative stress biomarkers catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) increased with increasing concentrations of CBSF, i.e., 0.831 mg/L and 1.632 mg/L. The maximum elevation of CAT, SOD and MDA was observed on the 14th day. In addition, IBRv2 analysis demonstrated that tissue biomarkers were extremely sensitive to the toxicity of CBSF, and extended exposure might result in major health consequences, such as acute toxicity in tubificid worms because of increased oxidative stress biomarkers. The log-normal curve of species sensitivity distribution (SSDs) depicted the ecotoxicological risk assessment through 96 h LC_50, i.e., 8.31 mg/L. Strong interactions between CBSF and key stress biomarker enzymes were shown by molecular docking experiments, which interfered with the enzymes’ activities and might have caused oxidative stress. Interactions with cytochrome c oxidase indicated disruption of the process by which cells produce energy. The findings highlight the need for more investigation to completely understand the sensitivity of tubificids to environmental pollutants and the long-term impacts of pesticide exposure on aquatic health and ecosystem stability.

PMID:40685402 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11463-3

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 20;15(1):26338. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11203-7.

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing worldwide, garnering increasing public attention due to various complications and long-term effects. Many researchers have indicated that obese children experienced higher fracture risk compared with nonobese children. However, the findings from different researchers reported a controversial result and few of them paid attention to the differences in BMI Z-score and obesity between different fracture sites, which would be quite useful since these can guide obese children in protecting specific regions. This study comprised 17,942 hospitalized children diagnosed with fractures and 3219 healthy children who came for physical examination and had not been diagnosed with any illness. Data on age, gender, fracture seasons, fracture sites, height, weight, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and high-density lipoprotein were collected. One-way ANOVA, t-test, Chi-square test, propensity score matching, and logistic regression models were used in statistical analysis. Children with lower limb fractures exhibited the highest BMI Z-score (0.58 ± 1.74), followed by those with upper limb fractures (0.50 ± 1.52), axial fractures (0.31 ± 1.56), and head fractures (-0.02 ± 1.52). In terms of obesity, children with lower limb fractures exhibited the highest obesity rate (20.20%), whereas those with upper limb fractures (15.61%) and axial fractures (14.96%) displayed comparable obesity rates. Children with head fractures had the lowest obesity rate (8.42%). Moreover, BMI Z-score (2.43 ± 1.22vs0.15 ± 1.43, P < 0.001), obesity (62.97%vs8.61%, P < 0.001) and dyslipidemia (31.22%vs24.67%, P < 0.001) were statistically significant difference between the fracture and healthy groups. The logistic regression models showed that BMI Z-score was associated with an increased risk of fracture (P < 0.001, OR = 4.89, 95%CI: 4.53-5.27). This study suggests that children with lower limb fractures exhibited the highest BMI Z-score and obesity rate, while those with head fractures had the lowest BMI Z-score and obesity rate. When compared with the healthy group, fracture children had higher BMI Z-score, obesity, and dyslipidemia rates. In addition, BMI Z-score was associated with an increased risk of fractures.

PMID:40685394 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11203-7

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 20;15(1):26334. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05927-9.

ABSTRACT

Potassium cyanide (KCN) is a highly lethal poison with cyanide anions having an inhibitory effect on complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, leading to stoppage in electron transport and eventually cessation of aerobic respiration within the cell. Tardigrades are a group of small invertebrates, most well known for their exceptional resistance to environmental stressors, including exposure to aqueous solution of KCN. In this study, specimens of the tardigrade Paramacrobiotus experimentalis were subjected to KCN exposures of various concentrations and durations, as well as repeated exposures. The resulting reactions have been observed, both by observing its movements and through ultrastructure analysis using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Obtained results confirm high tolerance of tardigrades to KCN. After an initial period of debilitation, tardigrades gradually return to full activity. Statistically significant relationships between time needed for recovery and KCN concentration, duration of exposure and number of consecutive exposure episodes have been found. However, no significant relationship between KCN exposure and long-term survival has been found. Analysis using TEM has found changes in midgut and storage cells of exposed animals, including mitochondrial damage and evidence of autophagy. Finally, a new protocol for tardigrade exposure to KCN has been devised.

PMID:40685386 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-05927-9

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 20;15(1):26356. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-09878-z.

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we present a predictive model based on artificial neural network (ANN) to evaluate principal physicochemical properties of a set of anti-inflammatory drugs based on chosen topological indices. The molecular descriptors were calculated from molecular structures and employed as the inputs to the ANN model. Normalization of the feature set was carried out before training to maintain convergence and stability of the model. The ANN exhibited excellent predictive ability based on a [Formula: see text] value of 0.94 and a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.0087 on the test set. The chemical structure data used were mainly retrieved from ChemSpider. The method showcases the promise of machine learning models to facilitate better virtual screening and assist in rational drug design by making accurate predictions of properties.

PMID:40685384 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-09878-z

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 20;15(1):26359. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-09479-w.

ABSTRACT

Appropriate healthcare utilization and compliance with the WHO treatment guidelines can significantly reduce diarrhea-related childhood mortality and morbidity, while overuse of antibiotics notably increases antibiotic resistance. We studied care-seeking behavior and antibiotic use for childhood diarrhea by analyzing data from 8294 diarrheal episodes of 1-59-month-old children visiting a tertiary-care hospital in rural Bangladesh. Overall, 55% of the study children received antibiotics, while only 6% had dysentery. Notably, 77% of the antibiotics were obtained from a local pharmacy without a prescription. Antibiotics alone, without zinc or ORS, were used by more children with dysentery than watery diarrhea (15% vs. 9%; p < 0.001). While 85% of the children received ORS, only 7% received zinc and ORS without antibiotics. Children who received antibiotics before seeking care at the hospital had a significantly higher rate of hospitalization than those who did not have antibiotics (20% vs. 13%; p < 0.001). The factors that influenced the caregivers’ decision to seek care from the pharmacy were the desire for early recovery, traditional practices, faith in seeking care at pharmacies, and distance to a healthcare facility. Our findings warrant that reducing unnecessary antibiotic consumption requires increasing public awareness and strengthening laws on the sale of over-the-counter antibiotics.

PMID:40685382 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-09479-w

Epilepsy Behav. 2025 Jul 19;171:110598. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110598. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the lateralizing value of shoulder dislocation in seizure semiology of patients with focal epilepsy.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients with shoulder dislocation secondary to seizures who were seen at our institution from April 1, 2002 to October 15, 2023.

RESULTS: A total of 87 patients met the inclusion criteria. Forty-four (50.6 %) had generalized epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures, 22 (25.3 %) had focal epilepsy, and 21 (24.1 %) had epilepsy with unknown onset tonic-clonic seizures. Of the 22 patients who had focal epilepsy, 20 (91 %) had contralateral shoulder dislocation (95 % CI [71-99 %]). This association between seizure focus laterality and contralateral shoulder dislocation was statistically significant (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.001).

SIGNIFICANCE: We found that shoulder dislocations were more common in patients with generalized compared to focal epilepsy. More important, most patients with focal epilepsy had contralateral shoulder dislocation. We think that this can serve as a potential novel lateralizing sign during the presurgical epilepsy evaluation, though it requires validation in larger, prospective studies.

PMID:40684517 | DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110598

J Hazard Mater. 2025 Jul 18;496:139300. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139300. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Aromatic amines are a group of compounds with industrial and environmental significance. The oxidative damage induced by large scale residential exposure to aromatic amines remains poorly characterized, necessitating comprehensive biomonitoring and mechanistic investigations. Herein, this study integrates large scale biomonitoring and cell-based high-throughput PCR array analysis to evaluate the oxidative damage induced by daily exposure to primary aromatic amines (PAAs), emerging aromatic amines (AAs), and their quinone derivatives (PPD-Qs) in the Chinese population. Urinary concentrations of 11 PAAs, 20 AAs, and 6 PPD-Qs were quantified (ΣPAAs > ΣAAs > ΣPPD-Qs) in 397 samples across 31 provinces/municipalities in China, uncovering significant regional variations. Advanced statistical regression analyses (multiple linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR)) identified key chemical contributors, correlating with oxidative stress biomarkers (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG), dityrosine (di-Y), and malondialdehyde (MDA)), indicative of DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid damage. The WQS model identified several key chemicals driving oxidative stress, including 1,3-Diphenylguanidine (DPG), 1,2,3-Triphenylguanidine (TPG), 1,3-Di-o-tolyguanidine (DTG), 4-Phenylaminodiphenylamine quinone (DPPD-Q), 4-(Cyclohexyl amino) diphenylamine quinone (CPPD-Q), and 2-naphthylamine (2-NA). In vitro experiments demonstrated that these prioritized chemicals elevated reactive oxygen species production by 118 %-241 % and dysregulated 11 oxidative stress-related genes, implicating pathways linked to superoxide metabolism and ferroptosis. This multi-faceted approach advances the understanding of aromatic amine-induced oxidative damage, offering critical insights to support chemical prioritization and regulatory measures to mitigate associated health risks.

PMID:40684506 | DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139300

Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2025 Jul 19;17(11):102446. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2025.102446. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: This study examines pharmacy students’ qualitative faculty and course evaluation (FCE) feedback through an integrated machine learning and human coding approach to uncover insights on faculty teaching, course quality, and areas for improvements, informing instructional enhancement.

METHODS: Between 2019 and 2023, text data from 1267 FCEs were compiled and analyzed using WordStat, a text mining software. The content analysis primarily relied on machine learning techniques, including word clustering, word co-occurrence mapping, phrase extraction, and topic modeling, to uncover patterns in the student feedback data. To enhance interpretive depth and ensure contextual accuracy, a supplemental manual thematic analysis was conducted using both deductive and inductive coding approaches. Descriptive statistics were applied to quantify and interpret the frequency of identified codes and themes.

RESULTS: Word cluster analysis identified commonly cited words and their co-occurrences, including professor, class, students, teaching, great, materials, and lectures. The frequently occurring phrases included excellent professor, great professor, excellent teaching style, knowledgeable professors, caring professors, flexible with students, and goes extra miles. The topics with high coherence values included understanding the materials, great professors, real-life experience, knowledgeable professor, excellent content, waste of time, and reading the slides. The manual coding analysis identified 1088 codes grouped under 38 subthemes constituting three major themes including faculty personal attributes (45.86 % of codes), faculty teaching effectiveness (28.92 %), and course quality (23.24 %).

CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the value of analyzing open-ended FCE comments by utilizing machine learning to gain meaningful insights that deepen understanding of the student learning experience. Educators and curriculum planners in health professions education can make data-informed decisions, improve curriculum design, and enhance teaching effectiveness by thoughtfully integrating student feedback into program-level reviews.

PMID:40684479 | DOI:10.1016/j.cptl.2025.102446

EBioMedicine. 2025 Jul 19;118:105859. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105859. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Metformin is one of the most used drugs worldwide. Given the increasing use of proteomics in trials, bioresources, and clinics, it is crucial to understand the influence of metformin on the levels of the circulating proteome.

METHODS: We analysed a combined longitudinal proteomics dataset from the IMPOCT, RAMP and S3WP-T2D clinical trials in 98 participants before and after metformin exposure. This discovery analysis contained 372 proteins measured by proximity extension assays (Olink). We followed up experiment-wise statistically significant findings in two cross-sectional cohorts of people with type 2 diabetes comparing metformin treated and untreated individuals: IMI-DIRECT (784 participants, 372 proteins, Olink) and IMI-RHAPSODY (1175 participants, 1195 proteins, SomaLogic).

FINDINGS: Overall, 23 protein analytes were robustly associated with exposure to metformin in the discovery and replication. This includes 11 protein-metformin associations that replicated in both replication sets and platforms (REG4, GDF15, REG1A, t-PA, TFF3, CDH5, CNTN1, OMD, NOTCH3, THBS4 and CD93), with the remaining 12 protein-metformin associations replicated using the Olink platform (EPCAM, SPINK1, SAA-4, COMP, ITGB2, ADGRG2, FAM3C, MERTK, COL1A1, HAOX1, VCAN, TIMD4) but not measured on the SomaLogic platform. Gene-set enrichment analysis revealed that the metformin exposure was associated with intestinal associated proteins.

INTERPRETATION: These data highlight the need to account for exposure to metformin, and potentially other drugs, in proteomic studies and where protein biomarkers are used for clinical care.

FUNDING: Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking 2, under grant agreement no. 115881 (RHAPSODY) and the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 115317 (DIRECT), resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and EFPIA companies in kind contribution as well as the Swiss State Secretariat for Education Research’ and Innovation (SERI), under contract no. 16.0097 (RHAPSODY).

PMID:40684475 | DOI:10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105859

Biomol Biomed. 2025 Jul 20. doi: 10.17305/bb.2025.12979. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

A systematic review with meta-analysis (SRMA) represents the pinnacle of evidence, but its validity depends on methodological rigor. This narrative review synthesizes recommendations from major reporting frameworks- Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‑Analyses 2020 (PRISMA‑2020), Meta‑Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews (PRIOR)-into a concise checklist for peer reviewers. The checklist addresses common sources of bias that often escape editorial assessment. Initially, it outlines how reviewers should assess the rationale for an SRMA by identifying existing syntheses on the same topic and determining whether the new work provides substantive novelty or a significant update. Best practices are summarized for protocol registration, comprehensive search strategies, study selection and data extraction, risk-of-bias evaluation, and context-appropriate statistical modeling, with a specific focus on heterogeneity, small-study effects, and data transparency. Case examples highlight frequent pitfalls, such as unjustified pooling of heterogeneous designs and selective outcome reporting. Guidance is also provided for formulating balanced, actionable review comments that enhance methodological integrity without extending editorial timelines. This checklist equips editors and reviewers with a structured tool for systematic appraisal across clinical disciplines, ultimately improving the reliability, reproducibility, and clinical utility of future SRMAs.

PMID:40684471 | DOI:10.17305/bb.2025.12979