Category: Nevin Manimala

J Psychosom Res. 2021 May 15;147:110513. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110513. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, childhood adversities, and personality aspects have been identified as contributing to the onset and course of depression. However, only few studies examined all aspects concomitantly in different populations. This was the objective of the study presented here.

METHODS: The BiDirect Study includes three distinct cohorts: Cross-sectional data for 670 patients with depression (DEP), 283 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and 787 population controls (POP) were available for the present analysis. Participants answered interviews and filled in questionnaires assessing depression details, childhood trauma, the Big Five personality traits, trait resilience as well as socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical linear regression analyses were employed to identify those factors, which contributed significantly to the explanation of depression severity scores (assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CESD).

RESULTS: In all three cohorts, the psychological variables explained most variance in depression scores (35-44%), while sociodemographic and lifestyle factors explained only very little variance (1-2%). When all postulated predictors were entered in the same regression model, higher neuroticism and lower resilience scores were associated with higher depression severity levels in all three cohorts, while higher childhood trauma proved significant in the cardiovascular and population cohort.

CONCLUSION: Childhood trauma, neuroticism, and low resilience are significantly associated with depression in different populations. Although a considerable part of the variance in depression severity levels was explained by the variables studied here, more research on the impact of lifestyle and social factors on depression is needed.

PMID:34022671 | DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110513

Am J Emerg Med. 2021 May 13;48:273-275. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.05.025. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced health care workers to explore alternative personal protective equipment (PPE) strategies due to traditional product shortages in the setting of increased global demand. Some physicians have chosen to use elastomeric face masks (EFMs), traditionally used in non-healthcare industries.

METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study of Emergency Medicine (EM) physicians working at a Level 1 Trauma Center who chose to use self-supplied EFMs for PPE. All subjects used commercial EFMs with disposable filters (N95, P95, or P100). All subjects chose their mask size independently with no input from employee health regarding appropriate fit. Per study protocol, subjects were fit tested periodically during clinical shifts over the course of the 6-week study period. All investigators performing fit testing underwent OSHA qualitative fit testing training. Data collected included mask/filters age, subjective assessment of mask seal quality, and fit test results. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS: 105 fit tests were performed on physicians wearing EFMs over the course of 49 shifts. Physicians felt their fit was adequate for all tests performed. There were no fit test failures in any subjects.

CONCLUSIONS: EFMs have an extremely low failure rate. Physicians are able to assess the adequacy of fit and accurately choose EFM size.

PMID:34022633 | DOI:10.1016/j.ajem.2021.05.025

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 May 15;146:110775. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110775. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to analyze the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test results of adolescents with normal hearing threshold who have subjective tinnitus in an effort to determine the probable site of origin of tinnitus.

METHODS: Among the patients who visited the outpatient clinic of the Department of Otolaryngology at our tertiary hospital from January 2016 to December 2019, adolescents aged 13-18 years with the chief complaint of unilateral subjective tinnitus and pure tone audiometry (PTA) within 25 dB HL were enrolled and retrospectively reviewed. The ABR test parameters (amplitudes and latencies of waves I, III, and V and interpeak latencies [IPLs] of waves I-III, III-V, and I-V) were analyzed and compared between tinnitus ears and contralateral ears without tinnitus. Study participants were divided into the chronic tinnitus (tinnitus duration ≥6 months) and non-chronic tinnitus (tinnitus duration <6 months) groups, and the difference between the two groups was analyzed.

RESULTS: Ten adolescents were included in the study, and their ABR test results were reviewed. IPL III-V was significantly prolonged in tinnitus ears compared to non-tinnitus ears (p = 0.035). Although other parameters were found to be statistically non-significant, there was preponderance in ABR wave I amplitude; it was smaller in tinnitus ears of chronic tinnitus adolescents than in those of non-chronic tinnitus adolescents (p = 0.114).

CONCLUSION: The probable site of origin of tinnitus in adolescents with normal hearing might be in the upper brainstem of the auditory pathway. Further analysis of ABR test results in adolescents with tinnitus and normal hearing can help clarify the pathophysiology of tinnitus in adolescents.

PMID:34022656 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110775

Pregnancy Hypertens. 2021 May 14;25:25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2021.05.004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in nulliparous women with diabetes, chronic hypertension or obesity in three gestational age groups.

STUDY DESIGN: Population-based observational cohort study of 382 618 nulliparous women (94 280 with known BMI) using Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway. Main exposure variables were diabetes, chronic hypertension, Body Mass Index (BMI). Multiple regression analysis was performed without (model 1) and with (model 2) BMI.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preeclampsia stratified by gestational age group at delivery: early (23⁰-33⁶ weeks), intermediate (34⁰-36⁶ weeks) and late (37⁰-43⁶ weeks), and gestational hypertension.

RESULTS: In model 1, Type 1 diabetes was associated with early (aOR = 5.0, 95%CI 3.8, 6.7), intermediate (aOR = 10.2, 95%CI 8.5, 12.3) and late preeclampsia (aOR = 2.7, 95%CI 2.4, 3.2), compared to no diabetes. Compared to normotensive women, women with chronic hypertension had an increased risk of preeclampsia in all groups: early (aOR = 8.68, 95%CI 6.94, 10.85), intermediate (aOR = 5.59, 95%CI 4.46, 7.02), late (aOR = 3.45, 95%CI 3.00, 3.96). The same trends persisted after adjusting for BMI (model 2). Obesity remained an independent risk factor for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONS: Maternal diabetes, chronic hypertension and obesity were associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy across all gestational age groups in nulliparous women. Adjusting for BMI did not further modify the risk in these women, although 75% of the women in the study lacked BMI data.

PMID:34022624 | DOI:10.1016/j.preghy.2021.05.004

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2021 May 13;262:142-146. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.05.018. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: As the population ages, obliterative procedures (OP) are expected to become an increasingly important treatment option. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate vaginal and urinary symptoms 3 months after OP and peri- and postoperative complications. The secondary aim was to investigate long-term outcomes, including patient satisfaction, regret rate and the rate of symptomatic recurrent prolapse after OP. Another secondary aim was to evaluate the feasibility of performing OP under local anesthesia (LA) as increasingly more operations are performed under LA.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of 43 women who underwent OP during a 10-year period. Patients completed three prolapse questions from the International Consultation on Incontinence-Vaginal Symptoms (ICIQ-VS) and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire- Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) before undergoing surgery, 3 months postoperatively and at long-term follow-up. Records were reviewed for complications, use of anesthetics, recurrences, patient satisfaction and regret.

RESULTS: A Le Fort colpocleisis was performed in 31 (72 %) and a colpectomy in 12 (28 %) patients. At 3 months` follow-up, patients had a statistically significant improvement in vaginal symptoms. Twelve patients (46 %) became continent, compared with 14 (54 %) with remaining urinary incontinence (UI). There were no patients with de novo UI 3 months’ after surgery. Total complication rate was 4,6% (2/43). A symptomatic recurrent prolapse occurred in 4 patients (9.3 %). The satisfaction rate was 86 %. No patients reported regret choosing to have vaginal closure surgery. Twenty one (49 %) of the procedures were performed under local anesthesia with intravenous sedation.

CONCLUSION: Obliterative procedures are good surgical options for elderly women with a positive impact on vaginal and urinary symptoms, low complication and recurrence rate. Patients report high satisfaction and no regret over loss of sexual ability at longterm follow-up. OP under LA with intravenous sedation is a feasible and safe option.

PMID:34022591 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.05.018

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2021 May 14;262:155-159. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.05.023. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The cesarean delivery rate has been rising in recent years, having associated maternal morbidities. Elective induction of labor has also been seen to rise during this same time period.

OBJECTIVE: This current study investigated the difference in the cesarean delivery rate between induction of labor and spontaneous labor among nulliparous, term, singleton, and vertex-presenting women.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort in a single institution over a seven-year period was used for this analysis, observing the difference in cesarean delivery rate at different term gestational ages and neonatal morbidity using the 5-minute Apgar score < 5.

RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was found in cesarean delivery rate between those women whose labor was induced and those whose labor began spontaneously, at each term gestational age of labor initiation (P < 0.001). The proportion of indications for induction was described (i.e. elective vs. medically-indicated), and no difference was found for neonatal morbidity between the groups analyzed, using the 5-minute Apgar score as the perinatal outcome measure.

CONCLUSION: A comparison was made between spontaneous and induced labor regarding the resultant cesarean delivery rate, and a significant difference was found favoring spontaneous labor. This should be considered when electing to deliver using an induction methodology for nulliparous women, especially when there are no medical indications for it.

PMID:34022593 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.05.023

Int J Food Microbiol. 2021 May 4;349:109231. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109231. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Bacterial spores are important in food processing due to their ubiquity, resistance to high temperature and chemical inactivation. This work aims to study the effect of ultraviolet C (UVC) on the spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis at a molecular and individual level to guide in deciding on the right parameters that must be applied during the processing of liquid foods. The spores were treated with UVC using phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as a suspension medium and their lethality rate was determined for each sample. Purified spore samples of B. velezensis and B. subtilis were treated under one pass in a UVC reactor to inactivate the spores. The resistance pattern of the spores to UVC treatment was determined using dipicolinic acid (Ca-DPA) band of spectral analysis obtained from Raman spectroscopy. Flow cytometry analysis was also done to determine the effect of the UVC treatment on the spore samples at the molecular level. Samples were processed for SEM and the percentage spore surface hydrophobicity was also determined using the Microbial Adhesion to Hydrocarbon (MATH) assay to predict the adhesion strength to a stainless-steel surface. The result shows the maximum lethality rate to be 6.5 for B. subtilis strain SRCM103689 (B47) and highest percentage hydrophobicity was 54.9% from the sample B. velezensis strain LPL-K103 (B44). The difference in surface hydrophobicity for all isolates was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry analysis of UVC treated spore suspensions clarifies them further into sub-populations unaccounted for by plate counting on growth media. The Raman spectroscopy identified B4002 as the isolate possessing the highest concentration of Ca-DPA. The study justifies the critical role of Ca-DPA in spore resistance and the possible sub-populations after UVC treatment that may affect product shelf-life and safety. UVC shows a promising application in the inactivation of resistant spores though there is a need to understand the effects at the molecular level to design the best parameters during processing.

PMID:34022614 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109231

Arch Oral Biol. 2021 May 12;127:105148. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105148. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize an experimental primer containing cationic lipid nanoparticles (NPL-chitosan) and to evaluate its properties.

DESIGN: The NPL-chitosan were synthesized by emulsion and sonication method. The experimental primers were applied in dentin surface of fifty human molars. The experimental groups were: 1) application of commercial primer; 2) Primer containing 2% of Chlorhexidine (CHX) 3); Primer with 2% NPL-chitosan 4); Primer with 0.6 % of NPL-chitosan 5); Primer with 0.4 % of NPL-chitosan. A composite resin plateau was used for the analysis, where sections were made for making the dentin beams. The effect of experimental primer with cationic nanoparticles in the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity was carrying out by in situ zymography. For the Resin-Dentin Adhesive Strength and in situ Zymography analysis, was used the One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with significance level of 95 %.

RESULTS: Spherical NPL-chitosan presented size below 220 nm, polydispersity index of 0.179 and zeta potential positive and was stable over 75 days. These nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity agsainst S. mutans with MIC of the 0.4 % and MBC of 0.67 %. In the Microtensile Strength, no statistical difference was observed between the experimental groups (p = 0.9054). The in situ zymography assay showed that the group with 2% of NPL-chitosan presented higher inactivation activity of MMPs compared to the other groups (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The experimental primer containing NPL-chitosan has antimicrobial activity, does not alter the adhesive resistance and inactivates MMPs present in dentin.

PMID:34022546 | DOI:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105148

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021 May 4;30(8):105857. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105857. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To characterize differences in disposition arrangement among rehab-eligible stroke patients at a Comprehensive Stroke Center before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a prospective registry for demographics, hospital course, and discharge dispositions of rehab-eligible acute stroke survivors admitted 6 months prior to (10/2019-03/2020) and during (04/2020-09/2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary outcome was discharge to an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) as opposed to other facilities using descriptive statistics, and IRF versus home using unadjusted and adjusted backward stepwise logistic regression.

RESULTS: Of the 507 rehab-eligible stroke survivors, there was no difference in age, premorbid disability, or stroke severity between study periods (p>0.05). There was a 9% absolute decrease in discharges to an IRF during the pandemic (32.1% vs. 41.1%, p=0.04), which translated to 38% lower odds of being discharged to IRF versus home in unadjusted regression (OR 0.62, 95%CI 0.42-0.92, p=0.016). The lower odds of discharge to IRF persisted in the multivariable model (aOR 0.16, 95%CI 0.09-0.31, p<0.001) despite a significant increase in discharge disability (median discharge mRS 4 [IQR 2-4] vs. 2 [IQR 1-3], p<0.001) during the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS: Admission for stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significantly lower probability of being discharged to an IRF. This effect persisted despite adjustment for predictors of IRF disposition, including functional disability at discharge. Potential reasons for this disparity are explored.

PMID:34022581 | DOI:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105857

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2021 May 7;262:134-141. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.05.005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Extragonadal teratomas (EGTs) are rare and the commonest intra-abdominal subtype is omental. We present two cases: 1) a parasitic omental teratoma likely secondary to auto-amputation of an ovarian teratoma with subsequent omental reimplantation and 2) an omental immature teratoma likely due to parthenogenetic activation of displaced primordial germ cells. We subsequently conduct a systematic review to characterise EGTs.

METHODS: We sourced for English, peer-reviewed case reports of extragonadal teratomas in women and female adolescents aged 11 and above published from inception of each database through 31st June 2020 following PRISMA guidelines. Two authors reviewed each case for appropriateness and each case was graded for methodological quality utilising a modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42020190131 RESULTS: Upon literature review between 1920-2020, from an initial screen of 818 articles, 67 articles were selected featuring 70 cases. One case featured an immature teratoma while the remaining were mature. Omental EGTs were the most common (56.5 %) followed by Pouch of Douglas and uterosacral ligament (23.2 %) and upper abdomen (14.5 %). There were statistically significant differences in EGT mean sizes between each location with the largest being in the upper abdomen (10.9 cm) and the smallest being in the adnexa or hernia (6.2 cm). Auto-amputation was deemed the commonest cause amongst omental EGTs (55.3 %) and Pouch of Douglas and uterosacral ligament EGTs (37.5 %) while 70 % of upper abdominal EGTs were likely due to displaced primordial germ cells. We characterise clinical features associated with each pathogenic mechanism and imaging characteristics of EGTs. Characterisation of EGT tumour marker profiles was limited as only 42.9 % of cases reported them but 19.2-25.0 % had raised tumour markers. The main risks are torsion, rupture, immature components and potential malignant change of the cell lines. Treatment is largely surgical. The mean size of EGTs approached laparoscopically and via laparotomy was 5.23 cm and 9.16 cm respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: While rare, EGTs should be considered when evaluating pelviabdominal masses with imaging characteristics consistent with teratomas. Confirmation is usually intraoperative and a laparoscopic approach is reasonable if there is good surgeon comfort and the size is about 5 cm.

PMID:34022590 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.05.005