Category: Nevin Manimala

Int J Hyperthermia. 2021;38(1):781-785. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1926561.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of the treatment of vulvar lichen simplex chronicus (VLSC) using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) at different powers.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 152 patients with VLSC. Among these patients, 70 were treated with HIFU at low power (level 2), and 82 were treated at normal power (level 3). The treatment responses, recurrence rates and intra- and postoperative complications were all compared.

RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in age, disease course, menopause status, lesion size and severity of symptoms. All patients received one session of HIFU therapy, and the treatment process was successful. No difference was found in the total response rate between the two groups at 1 (85.7% versus 87.8%, p = .35), 6 (80% versus 80.5%, p = .65) and 12 (80% versus 80.5%, p = .73) months after HIFU therapy. No significant difference was observed in the recurrence rate between the two groups at 6 (5.7% versus 9.8%, p = .36) and 12 (22.9% versus 26.8%, p = .57) months after HIFU treatment. Patients in the low-power group had a lower incidence of blisters (10% versus 23.3%, p = .04).

CONCLUSION: Based on our results, low-power HIFU treatment can achieve a therapeutic effect similar to normal power HFU treatment for VLSC, but its incidence of side effects is lower.

PMID:34013843 | DOI:10.1080/02656736.2021.1926561

J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2021 May 20:17531934211016668. doi: 10.1177/17531934211016668. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The incidence of distal radioulnar joint instability following a distal radius fracture is estimated around one in three based upon clinical examination. Using a validated rig, we objectively measured distal radioulnar joint translation in vivo following distal radius fracture. Dorsopalmar translation of the distal radioulnar joint was measured in 50 adults with previous distal radius fractures. Measurements were compared with the uninjured wrist and against a database of previous measurements within healthy and clinically lax populations. Translation at the distal radioulnar joint was greater in injured wrists at 12.2 mm (range 10-15, SD 1.2) than the uninjured wrists at 6.4 (range 4-9, SD 0.8) (p < 0.001) and was always outside the established normal range. There was no statistically significant link between translation and the severity of the injury. Instability appears almost inevitable following a distal radius (wrist) fracture, albeit subclinical in the vast majority.

PMID:34013791 | DOI:10.1177/17531934211016668

Am J Mens Health. 2021 May-Jun;15(3):15579883211007277. doi: 10.1177/15579883211007277.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to investigate the association between periodontitis (PD) and erectile dysfunction (ED).A systematic review and meta-analysis on data was extracted and conducted according to PRISMA. Relevant articles were selected from a literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and CENTRAL from inception until August 2, 2020. Both randomized and nonrandomized controlled studies were included. Case reports, case series, nonsystematic reviews and trials published as abstract were excluded. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the association between PD and the risk of ED. The meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.3. Methodological quality assessment was carried out using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and the quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.Six articles (215008 subjects) were included for analysis. Of the participants, 38,675 cases were compared to 1,76,333 healthy controls. Based on the random effects model, periodontitis was associated with an increased risk of ED (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.70-3.85) as compared with the non-periodontitis individuals. The findings were statistically significant with a p < .0001. The statistical heterogeneity was high across all studies (I² = 98%, p < .00001). Estimates of total effects were generally consistent with the sensitivity and subgroup analyses.Within the limits of the available evidence, our review and meta-analysis showed that a significant association exists between the PD and ED. The results should be interpreted with caution due to high degree of inconsistency across all the studies.

PMID:34013796 | DOI:10.1177/15579883211007277

Curr Eye Res. 2021 May 20. doi: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1933056. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze the accuracy of 18 intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas in eyes with axial length (AL) ≤ 22 mm.

METHODS: We analyzed 241 eyes of 241 patients. Eighteen formulas were evaluated: Barrett Universal II (BUII), EVO 2.0, Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1 and 2, Cooke K6, Kane, LadasSuperFormula AI, Naeser 2, Olsen, Panacea, Pearl-DGS, RBF 2.0, SRK/T, T2, VRF and VRF-G. Optical biometry was performed with an IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). With lens constants optimized for the whole range of AL, the mean prediction error (PE) and its standard deviation (SD), the median absolute error (MedAE), the mean absolute error (MAE) and the percentage of eyes with PEs within ±0.25 D, ±0.50 D and <±1.00 D were calculated.

RESULTS: Post-hoc analysis of the absolute PE revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between some of the newer formulas (K6, Kane, Naeser 2, Olsen and VRF-G), which obtained the lowest MedAE (respectively 0.308, 0.300, 0.277, 0.310 and 0.276 D) and the remaining ones. These formulas yielded also the highest percentage of eyes with a PE within ±0.50 D (70.54%, 72.20%, 71.37%, 70.95% and 73.03%, respectively), whereas Panacea and SRK/T yielded the lowest percentage (62.24%), with a stastically significant difference (P < 0.05) with respect to most formulas.

CONCLUSION: In eyes with AL ≤22.0 mm, new formulas (K6, Kane, Naeser 2, Olsen and VRF-G) offer the most accurate predictions of postoperative refraction.

PMID:34013799 | DOI:10.1080/02713683.2021.1933056

Asia Pac J Public Health. 2021 May 20:10105395211014642. doi: 10.1177/10105395211014642. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This review aimed to investigate national estimates of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years, from countries in regions particularly burdened by dietary-related chronic illnesses. The most recent studies or reports from included countries (n = 73) with national-level consumption data of SSBs in children and adolescents, collected between January 2010 and October 2019, were considered for inclusion. A random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled estimates of the mean consumption of SSB in millimeters per day. Heterogeneity between national estimates was assessed using the I² statistic and explored via subgroup analyses by the World Health Organization region, age groups, and country-level income. Forty-eight studies were included in the review reporting national estimates of consumption for 51 countries. The highest estimate of daily consumption was in China at 710.0 mL (95% confidence interval [CI] = 698.8-721.2), while the lowest was in Australia at 115.1 mL (95% CI = 111.2-119.1). Pooled synthesis of daily SSB consumption of the 51 countries was 326.0 mL (95% CI = 288.3-363.8), although heterogeneity was high, and was not explained by subgroup analyses. While there is considerable variability between countries, intake of SSB remains high among children and adolescents internationally underscoring the need for public health efforts to reduce SSBs consumption.

PMID:34013784 | DOI:10.1177/10105395211014642

Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021 Jun;69(6):1563-1568. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_310_21.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Rhino-orbital mucormycosis in times of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

AIMS: The aim of the study was to document cases of rhino-orbital mucormycosis seen at our Regional Institute of Ophthalmology during COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) times.

METHODS: The study is a retrospective, institutional cohort, interventional study. It was carried out at our Regional Institute of Ophthalmology from September 2020 to mid-March 2021. All patients of biopsy-proven mucormycosis were enrolled in the study. The patients were subjected to complete history taking, ophthalmological examination, and imaging studies. The patients were treated via a multidisciplinary approach with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B and debridement of local necrotic tissue. Exenteration was done when indicated. A minimum 75-day follow-up period was accorded to all study patients. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test. A P value ≤0.05 was taken as significant.

RESULTS: Thirty-one patients were seen, with a mean age of 56.3 years. The major risk factors included uncontrolled diabetes (96.7%) and COVID-19 positivity (61.2%), with concomitant steroid use in 61.2% patients. The most common presentation was diminution of vision (<6/60 in 80.64% patients) and ophthalmoplegia (77.4%). The most common imaging findings were orbital cellulitis (61.29%) and pansinusitis (77.4%). Intravenous liposomal amphotericin B was given to all patients for an average 18.93 days. Exenteration was required in (n = 4) 12.9% of cases. Twenty-eight patients recovered and were alive on follow-up. Mortality was seen in three patients. The presence of cerebral involvement and a HbA1c value of ≥8 were found to be significant in the prediction of survival of patients with mucormycosis.

CONCLUSION: We present the largest institutional cohort of rhino-orbital mucormycosis patients during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic era from our unique perspective.

PMID:34011742 | DOI:10.4103/ijo.IJO_310_21

J Oral Sci. 2021 May 19. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0019. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to analyze in a Spanish population sample the compliance of the anterior maxillary teeth to the dental esthetic proportions described in the literature.

METHODS: Photographs of the smiles of 78 individuals were calibrated and digitally analyzed considering the following proportions: golden proportion (GP), recurring esthetic dental (RED), golden percentage (GPG), Preston’s proportion and Modified golden percentage (MGPG). For statistical analysis, the t-test of an independent sample was applied, and compliance percentages for each standard were recorded.

RESULTS: The existence of RED 70% or 80% has not been registered. The percentages of compliance with GP were within a range between 0% and 16%. The mean tooth width ratios were adjusted to the values described by Preston (P > 0.05), but the compliance percentages were low (3.33-25%). GPG only presented high percentages of compliance in the lateral incisors (53.33-62.5%). MGPG showed the highest percentages of compliance (50-68%).

CONCLUSION: After analyzing a Spanish population sample using smile photographs for the first time, GP, RED, GPG and Preston’s proportion standards are not fulfilled and therefore, not suitable for treatments that seek a smile that reproduces natural principles. However, the values designated by MGPG with a deviation of ±1% are largely applicable for treatments that aim for a natural smile.

PMID:34011828 | DOI:10.2334/josnusd.21-0019

Sci Rep. 2021 May 19;11(1):10566. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89453-4.

ABSTRACT

Encoding and recognising complex natural sequences provides a challenge for human vision. We found that observers could recognise a previously presented segment of a video of a hearth fire when embedded in a longer sequence. Recognition performance declined when the test video was spatially inverted, but not when it was hue reversed or temporally reversed. Sampled motion degraded forwards/reversed playback discrimination, indicating observers were sensitive to the asymmetric pattern of motion of flames. For brief targets, performance increased with target length. More generally, performance depended on the relative lengths of the target and embedding sequence. Increased errors with embedded sequence length were driven by positive responses to non-target sequences (false alarms) rather than omissions. Taken together these observations favour interpreting performance in terms of an incremental decision-making model based on a sequential statistical analysis in which evidence accrues for one of two alternatives. We also suggest that prediction could provide a means of providing and evaluating evidence in a sequential analysis model.

PMID:34011973 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-89453-4

Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021 Jun;69(6):1537-1543. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1971_20.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: : To characterize the sequelae of microsporidia keratoconjunctivitis (MKC) and outline its management.

METHODS: Retrospective analysis of microbiologically proven MKC returned with persistent disease between January 2015 and December 2019 was done. Demographics, clinical features, management, and outcome were analyzed.

RESULTS: Sixteen patients (21 eyes) of 332 treated for MKC returned with the persisting disease. The mean age of 11 males (68.7%), and 5 females was 35.1 ± 12.2 years. Three-quarter of them did not have a known predisposing risk factor and one-quarter of them were referred for chronic conjunctivitis. Past medications included topical antivirals (n = 8) and topical corticosteroid (n = 6). Three predominant presentations were persistent (>3 weeks) superficial punctate keratitis (SPKs, n = 7), sub-epithelial infiltrates (SEIs, n = 13), and uveitis (n = 2). The lesions recurred in eight eyes (SPK and SEI 4 each) after a disease-free interval of 60.4 ± 40.6 days; there were 13 episodes of recurrence. Topical low potent corticosteroids (loteprednol/fluorometholone), and tacrolimus ointment 0.03% were used in 17 (80.9%) and 8 (38%) eyes, respectively, for a mean duration of 44.8 ± 31.6 and 226.8 ± 180.5 days, respectively. At follow-up, 172.3 ± 183.6 days, visual recovery was statistically significant in persistent eyes (BCVA 0.07 ± 0.07 logMAR; P < 0.00001) but, not in recurrent eyes (BCVA 0.16 ± 0.08 logMAR; P = 0.07). Five of 21 eyes were left with residual significant scar.

CONCLUSION: The sequelae of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis are not uncommon. Topical 0.03% tacrolimus ointment appeared to be an effective corticosteroid-sparing agent for the treatment of SEIs and prevention of recurrence.

PMID:34011737 | DOI:10.4103/ijo.IJO_1971_20

Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021 Jun;69(6):1553-1558. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_3067_20.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the preferred surgical technique and outcome of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) among corneal surgeons in India.

METHODS: An online questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among members of the Cornea Society of India (CSI) with experience of performing >10 DALK procedure. The responses pertaining to their surgical experience, preferred technique, complications, and outcome of DALK were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS: A total of 156 responses were received. In total, 35.9% of participants reported annual keratoplasty of >50, and DALK constituted >25% surgeries for 25% of participants. Ectatic corneal disorder was reported as the most common indication for DALK by 71.6% of the respondents. Big-bubble (BB) DALK (W_A-1.82) was the most preferred technique, along with suction trephine (50%) for partial trephination and bottom port cannula (45.5%) for BB formation. On statistical analysis, no difference was observed in the surgeon reported success rate of BB formation with or without anterior lamellar keratectomy (ALK) (χ2 (1,156) = 3.1498, P = 0.08) or paracentesis (χ2 (1,156) = 0.2737, P = 0.60) before stromal air injection, and method of stromal air injection (χ2 (1,156) = 4.7325, P = 0.09). Conversion to penetrating keratoplasty was reported by 16% of participants in >25% cases, while 66.7% reported in <10% cases. Cataract and double anterior chamber were the most common complications. 50% of participants suggested that >20 procedures are required to overcome the learning curve.

CONCLUSION: BB DALK is the most commonly practiced DALK technique, and its success is independent of ALK and paracentesis being performed prior to air injection and method of air injection (cannula/needle).

PMID:34011739 | DOI:10.4103/ijo.IJO_3067_20