Category: Nevin Manimala

Angle Orthod. 2021 May 1;91(3):307-312. doi: 10.2319/080220-676.1.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To develop a prediction model that combined information derived from chronological age, sex, and the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method to predict the pubertal spurt in mandibular growth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 subjects (29 females, 21 males) were selected from the American Association of Orthodontists Foundation Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection, the University of Michigan Growth Study, and the Denver Child Growth study. A total of 456 lateral cephalograms were analyzed, and a multilevel logistic model was applied. The outcome variable was the presence or absence of the mandibular pubertal growth peak. The predictive variables were chronological age up to the third order, sex, presence or absence of CS 3 interactions between age and sex, age and CS 3, sex and CS 3.

RESULTS: The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) at the first cephalogram was 8.2 ± 0.5 years, whereas the mean age at the last cephalogram was 16.5 ± 1.1 years. The mean interval ± SD between two consecutive cephalograms was 1.0 ± 0.1 years. The mean age ± SD at the lateral cephalogram obtained immediately before the mandibular pubertal growth peak was 12.1 ± 1.1 years for females and 13.2 ± 0.8 years for males. The greatest increase in mandibular length occurred after CS 3 in 78% of the subjects. The presence of CS 3, age, second-order age, sex, and the interaction between age and sex were all statistically significant predictors of the mandibular pubertal growth spurt.

CONCLUSIONS: CS 3, chronological age, and sex can be used jointly to predict the pubertal peak in mandibular growth.

PMID:33909876 | DOI:10.2319/080220-676.1

Braz Oral Res. 2021 Apr 26;35:e043. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0043. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Numerous studies have reported abnormalities in the development of oral structures in congenital infections that also involve microcephaly. In this context, it is necessary to identify possible dental anomalies of shape and/or number in patients with Zika virus syndrome using radiography. The study population consisted of 35 children born with congenital ZIKV who underwent intraoral radiographic examinations for 24 consecutive months. A modified periapical technique was performed in an occlusal position for the maxilla and mandible. Categorical data were expressed as absolute and percentage frequencies and compared using Pearson’s Chi-square test, with a 95% confidence interval. Of the entire sample, eight children (22.8%) had dental anomalies of shape and/or number, and four children (11.4%) presented with both anomalies, with agenesis of the upper and lower deciduous/permanent incisors and dental form modifications, such as microdontia and anomalous cusps. When we considered age and sex, there was no statistically significant difference between patients who presented with agenesis and those who presented with modifications. Children with congenital Zika virus syndrome were more likely to have dental modifications in the number and shape of their teeth, and it is essential to implement medium- to long-term monitoring to diagnose other possible alterations throughout the development of the mixed and permanent dentition, favoring their treatment.

PMID:33909865 | DOI:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0043

Braz Oral Res. 2021 Apr 26;35:e060. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0060. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to describe the morphometric relationship of root canal orifices on the pulp floor in the presence/absence of mesiobuccal second canal (MB2) in the maxillary first molars and other aspects of its internal anatomy. Sixty-two maxillary first molars were scanned by micro-CT. The presence of the MB2 canal was verified. The distance between the center points of the MB1, MB2, distobuccal (DB), and palatal (P) canal orifices on the pulp floor were measured (MB1-MB2, MB1-DB, MB2-DB, MB1-P, and DB-P). The MB1-P to DB-P ratio was calculated. The distances between the anatomic apex and the MB1 and MB2 apical foramina were measured. The length of the band-shaped isthmus was also measured. Student’s t-test was applied to verify the association between the presence of an MB2 canal, the interorifice distances, and the ratio of the MB1-P to DB-P distance (α = 5%). The MB2 canal was present in 43 roots (69.35%). Statistics showed significant differences when MB2 was present for the largest MB1-P distance (p < 0.05) and higher values for the MB1-P to DB-P ratio (p < 0.05). A band-shaped isthmus was detected in 25.8% of MB roots. The mean distance from the apical foramen to the isthmus floor ranged from 1.74 for MB1 canals to 1.42 for MB2 canals. Canal orifice distances on the pulp floor may predict the presence of MB2 canals. There was a high incidence of isthmus, accessory canals, and apical delta in the critical apical zone in MB roots of maxillary first molars.

PMID:33909867 | DOI:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0060

Braz Oral Res. 2021 Apr 26;35:e038. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0038. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

A randomized controlled parallel clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the association of 1.23% topical professional acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel with oral hygiene and dietary instructions on the arrest of active non-cavitated lesions in permanent, mixed, and temporary dentition in children between 3 and 12 years of age. Ninety-eight caries-active children were randomly divided into two groups: a fluoride gel group (n = 49) and a non-fluoridated gel group (n = 49). Each group received up to eight weekly applications of gel, weekly professional toothbrushing with oral hygiene instructions and dietary counselling. Caries lesions were assessed qualitatively through visual-tactile criteria performed in three stages: initial, intermediate, and final. Regression models were applied to identify risk indicators for caries control. Between-group comparison regarding the time taken to arrest the lesions was performed using Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests. Seventeen children did not receive the allocated intervention, and one was lost to follow-up (n = 80). There was no difference between the control and placebo groups regarding the time to the arrest of the lesion (p >.05). The treatments showed similar results without significant statistical difference (p = 0.33; 95%CI: 0.32-1.48). No adverse effects were observed. It can be concluded that no additional effect of the association of 1.23% APF gel with oral hygiene using fluoride dentifrice and dietary instructions on the arrest of active non-cavitated lesions could be established. We can also confirm the importance of toothbrushing frequency and, consequently, the visible plaque reduction in the control of caries activity. RBR-37V5S3.

PMID:33909860 | DOI:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0038

Braz Oral Res. 2021 Apr 26;35:e040. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0040. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of choosing different socioeconomic status indicators in research regarding older adults’ oral health. This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study on Aging (ELSI-Brazil). The outcomes were edentulism (n = 9,073) and self-reported oral health (n = 9,365). The following socioeconomic indicators were assessed: individual income, per capita household income, and wealth index. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was performed to estimate prevalence ratios (PR), with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI), after adjusting for socioeconomic and oral health behavior variables. Absolute inequality measures were also estimated. The individual income indicator was not statistically associated with the results after adjustments. When using per capita household income indicator, individuals in the richest quintile showed a 12% lower prevalence of poor self-reported oral health [PR: 0.88 (CI: 0.78-0.98)], relative to the poorest, and there was no association with edentulism. When the wealth index was chosen, there was a 22% lower prevalence of edentulism [PR: 0.78 (CI: 0.64-0.94)] and 15% lower prevalence of self-reported poor oral health [PR: 0.85 (CI: 0.78-0.93)] in individuals of the richest quintile, both relative to the poorest quintile. Regarding absolute inequality measures, for edentulism, the wealth index showed the highest absolute inequality. When considering self-reported oral health, per capita household income showed the greatest absolute inequality. Despite scientific challenges and the difficulty of socioeconomic indicator metrics, further investments in its development are critical to measure, promote, and improve population oral health.

PMID:33909862 | DOI:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0040

Braz Oral Res. 2021 Apr 26;35:e042. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0042. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to analyze the influence of socioeconomic factors on the frequency of diagnoses of oral mucosal changes and the number of hospitalized patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from all Brazilian cities in the period 2011-2017. The frequency of diagnoses of oral mucosal changes and the number of hospitalized patients of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil were extracted from the Primary Care Information System (SIAB) and Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) databases. The socioeconomic factors evaluated were the Gini coefficient of inequality, municipal Human Development Index (MHDI), inadequate basic sanitation rate, employment rate, illiteracy rate and expected years of schooling. Associated factors were examined using bivariate Spearman’s correlations and multivariate Poisson regressions, and statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlations between study variables and regression coefficients were obtained. A higher frequency of diagnoses of mucosal changes was observed in cities with a higher Gini coefficient (B = 11.614; p < 0.001), higher MHDI (B = 11.298; p < 0.001), and higher number of hospitalized patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer (B = 0.001, p < 0.002). Cities with higher Gini coefficients (B = 8.159, p < 0.001), higher inadequate basic sanitation rates (B = 0.09, p = 0.001), lower expected years of schooling (B = -0.718, p < 0.001), and higher illiteracy rates (B = 0.191, p < 0.001) had a higher frequency of hospitalized patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer. In conclusion, more developed cities showed a higher frequency of diagnoses of mucosal changes. Greater inequality and worse socioeconomic conditions are associated with a higher frequency of hospitalized patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil.

PMID:33909864 | DOI:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0042

Codas. 2021 Apr 21;33(1):e20190190. doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20202019190. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To verify the immediate effect of the Excitomotor Electrical Current, called Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES), on vocal quality, Maximum Phonation Time (MPT) and possible discomfort, in women without vocal alteration, with application at Maximum Supported Intensity (MSI) and associated with phonation.

METHODS: Experimental study with 20 normophonic adult women. They emitted the sustained vowel / a / and then it was applied to FES during emission of the same vowel. There were five series with three minutes of emission each, interspersed with passive rest. The electrical stimulus was at the MSI by the participant, adjusted by series. Before and after the emissions the voices were recorded and the MPT and the intensity of the stimuli were collected. The vocal quality was rated by judges. Statistical analysis made it possible to compare pre and post emission / electrostimulation data in each phase. Qualitative analysis was performed based on self-reported symptoms.

RESULTS: There was no difference in vocal quality and MPT between pre and post moments in both phases. The difference between MSI and stimulus perception intensity was greater in series 1 than in series 2. There was an increase in MSI in series 5 compared to series 1. No significant negative symptoms or within 48h after procedures were reported.

CONCLUSION: The FES at MSI, associated with phonation, did not generate an immediate change in vocal quality, in the MPT or self-reported discomforts by women without vocal alteration, even with a gradual increase in the stimulus, series by series.

PMID:33909842 | DOI:10.1590/2317-1782/20202019190

Codas. 2021 Apr 12;33(1):e20190285. doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20202019285. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To verify the validity evidence based on response processes of a vocabulary-screening tool.

METHODS: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study, applied in a sample of 133 children between 3 and 7 years of age, divided into five groups, according to their age range. This research evaluates the instrument TRILHAR, which is a screening of receptive and expressive vocabulary, composed by ten activities for each age range. The collected data were the application time in minutes and seconds, screening instructions comprehension and behavior during the screening. The data were analyzed descriptively as mean, standard deviation and percentage using the IBM SPSS Statistics.

RESULTS: The application time was short, with less time for the greater ages. The mean time of application was 05m19s for G1, 04m29s for G2, 04m11s for G3, 03m40s for G4 and 02m13s for G5. Only one child (4.8%) from G2 required repetition of the instructions for the receptive vocabulary, and two children (6.3%) from G4 for the expressive vocabulary. We observed little occurrence of behaviors like disinterest, inattention and agitation.

CONCLUSION: The application of the instrument required a short period, with a longer time for the group of 3-years children. The little necessity of repetition of the instructions indicates that children can easily comprehend the instrument.

PMID:33909843 | DOI:10.1590/2317-1782/20202019285

Braz J Med Biol Res. 2021 Apr 26;54(6):e10317. doi: 10.1590/1414-431X202010317. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Physical performance is a multifactorial and complex trait influenced by environmental and hereditary factors. Environmental factors alone have been insufficient to characterize all outstanding phenotypes. Recent advances in genomic technologies have enabled the investigation of whole nuclear and mitochondrial genome sequences, increasing our ability to understand interindividual variability in physical performance. Our objective was to evaluate the association of mitochondrial polymorphic loci with physical performance in Brazilian elite military personnel. Eighty-eight male military personnel who participated in the Command Actions Course of the Army were selected. Total DNA was obtained from blood samples and a complete mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq platform. Twenty-nine subjects completed the training program (FINISHED, ‘F’), and fifty-nine failed to complete (NOT_FINISHED, ‘NF’). The mtDNA from NF was slightly more similar to genomes from African countries frequently related to endurance level. Twenty-two distinct mtDNA haplogroups were identified corroborating the intense genetic admixture of the Brazilian population, but their distribution was similar between the two groups (FST=0.0009). Of 745 polymorphisms detected in the mtDNA, the position G11914A within the NADPH gene component of the electron transport chain, was statistically different between F and NF groups (P=0.011; OR: 4.286; 95%CI: 1.198-16.719), with a higher frequency of the G allele in group F individuals). The high performance of military personnel may be mediated by performance-related genomic traits. Thus, mitochondrial genetic markers such as the ND4 gene may play an important role on physical performance variability.

PMID:33909855 | DOI:10.1590/1414-431X202010317

Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2021 Apr 26;76:e2515. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2515. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: We compared the diagnostic potential of cancer ratio (CR, serum lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]/pleural fluid adenosine deaminase [pfADA]), cancer ratio plus (CR plus, cancer ratio/pleural lymphocyte percentage), and age/pfADA ratio with pfADA in malignant pleural effusion.

METHODS: Data from 100 patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and 119 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) were retrospectively collected. PfADA, age/pfADA ratio, CR, and CR plus were compared between patients with MPE and those with TPE in two age groups (≤50 and >50 years). The best cut-off value was determined, and the diagnostic performance was evaluated according to the receiver operating characteristic curve.

RESULTS: PfADA was statistically significantly lower while age/pfADA ratio, CR, and CR plus were significantly higher in the MPE group than in the TPE group in both age groups (p<0.05). For patients aged ≤50 years, the differential diagnostic value of pfADA for MPE was better than those of age/pfADA ratio, CR, and CR plus. At a cut-off value of 13.0 U/L, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 88.9%, 100.0%, and 98.9%, respectively. For patients aged >50 years, the diagnostic performance of CR plus was superior to those of pfADA, age/pfADA ratio, and CR. At a cut-off value of 22.6, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CR plus for the diagnosis of MPE were 86.8%, 84.6%, and 86.2%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The best parameter for diagnosing MPE was different for patients aged ≤50 years and >50 years. For patients aged >50 years, CR plus was a good parameter for the differential diagnosis of MPE. For patients aged ≤50 years, pfADA was better.

PMID:33909825 | DOI:10.6061/clinics/2021/e2515