Category: Statistics

Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2025 Nov 8;46(11):7131-7141. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202410133.

ABSTRACT

Exploring the coupling and coordination relationship and driving factors of the functions of regional production-living-ecological spaces (hereinafter referred to as “Three Spaces”) is of great significance for revealing the interaction mechanism among different spatial types within a region and achieving the efficient and sustainable utilization of territorial space. Taking Guizhou Province, which is typically distributed with karst landforms, as the research area and county-level regions as the analytical units, by using the coupling and coordination level model, spatial autocorrelation model, and geographical detector model and selecting the land use types and statistical data in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, research on the function identification, relationship exploration, and driving factor analysis of the “Three Spaces” in Guizhou Province was carried out. The results are as follows: ① From 2005 to 2020, the functions of the production space and the living space in Guizhou Province generally showed a gradual growth trend, with a spatial pattern characterized by being higher in the central area and lower in the marginal areas. In contrast, the function value of the ecological space was on a downward trend, and its spatial pattern was the opposite. ② The improvement of the functions of the production and living spaces promoted the growth trend of the coupling and coordination degree of the “Three Spaces.” However, the overall coupling and coordination degree was low, and the imbalance in the coordinated development of the “Three Spaces” among various counties was intensifying. ③ The spatial correlation analysis showed that from 2005 to 2020, there was a significant spatial correlation in the coupling and coordination degree of the “Three Spaces” at the county level in Guizhou Province. The spatial agglomeration trend was continuously strengthening, presenting a clustered spatial distribution feature with higher values in the central area and lower values in the marginal areas. ④ The main single factor influencing the coupling and coordination of the functions of the “Three Spaces” in Guizhou Province was population density. Moreover, there were two-factor and non-linear enhancement relationships among various factors. Among them, the interaction between population density and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) had the strongest influence on the coupling and coordination degree. The social and economic development based on natural geographical conditions played a driving role in the development of the coupling and coordination relationship of the functions of the “Three Spaces.” Therefore, to achieve the green, low-carbon, and ecologically efficient development of the economy in the karst ecologically fragile areas, it is necessary to rationally optimize the layout of the production-living-ecological spaces and develop the economy based on natural endowments.

PMID:41316776 | DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.202410133

Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2025 Nov 8;46(11):7106-7118. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202407278.

ABSTRACT

Land use changes are the product of the dynamic interplay between human activities and natural ecosystems. The study of land use change characteristics and their driving factors in the Weihe River Basin can provide a direction for regional development coordination and formulation of basin development policies. Drawing on land use data from 1985 to 2020 in the Weihe River Basin and employing a blend of mathematical and spatial analysis methodologies, this study meticulously scrutinized the structural and spatial pattern shifts in land utilization within the basin. Key findings shed light on several critical aspects: ① The predominant land types in the Weihe River Basin consisted of arable land, forest land, and grassland, with average proportions of 41.24%, 22.1%, and 34.6%, respectively. Arable land exhibited a prominent presence both upstream and downstream of the Weihe River, while forested areas were primarily concentrated in the Beiluo River region, and grasslands thrived along the Jinghe River. ② Noteworthy transformations in land use occurred between 1995 and 2010 within the Weihe River Basin, marked by a substantial 2.5-fold surge in comprehensive land use dynamics. Particularly noteworthy was the conversion trend between grassland and arable land, as evidenced by the land use transfer matrix. ③ Between 1985 to 2020, the Weihe River Basin witnessed a significant shift characterized by an increase in urban land and forests, while farmland decreased. Urban land expanded by 2 911 km², mainly in the urban agglomeration of Guanzhong in the lower reaches of the Weihe River; forests increased by 6 430 km², mainly in the watershed of Jinghe River and Beiluo River and in the lower reaches of the Weihe River along the tributaries of the Qingling Mountain and the Qianhe River; farmland decreased by 7 157 km², with the reduced area being more dispersed, affecting the whole watershed. ④ Climate change, socio-economic, and governmental policies emerged as pivotal influencers of land use changes within the Weihe River Basin. Statistical analysis revealed that social-economic factors were the main factors affecting land use changes in the Weihe River Basin.

PMID:41316774 | DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.202407278

Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2025 Nov 8;46(11):6870-6879. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202410203.

ABSTRACT

Ziyang County, located in the Qinba Mountains area, relies on groundwater as its primary water source, which is crucial for local health and social development. Using statistical analysis, Piper diagrams, Gibbs diagrams, ion ratios, and the Absolute Principal Component Scores-Multiple Linear Regression (APCS-MLR) receptor model, this study analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics, controlling factors, and chemical component sources of groundwater. The results indicated that the primary hydrochemical type of groundwater in Ziyang County was HCO₃-Ca type, with a weakly alkaline pH. The chemical composition was primarily controlled by weathering and dissolution of carbonate rocks (e.g., calcite and dolomite), cation exchange, and human activities. The APCS-MLR model results revealed that the main controlling factors were water-rock interaction (43.6%), industrial and agricultural (3.9%), agricultural and domestic sewage (10.5%), and unknown source (42%). These findings provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development and effective management of regional groundwater resources.

PMID:41316753 | DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.202410203

Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2025 Nov 8;46(11):6796-6805. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202410003.

ABSTRACT

Using energy consumption and other statistical data of a region in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2022, this study examines the historical energy consumption structure and CO₂ emissions of the region. Three scenarios of baseline, energy-saving, and low-carbon were constructed based on the LEAP model to predict and analyze the energy demand and CO₂ emissions of the region from 2023 to 2035 under different scenarios. The results showed that: Under the baseline scenario, the total regional energy demand continued to grow, while CO₂ emissions showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing and were expected to peak around 2025. Under the conditions of fully tapping the potential of energy conservation and emission reduction in the region and accelerating the green transformation of the industrial and energy consumption structure, the energy demand and carbon emissions in the region could achieve a significant decline in the future. Considering the contributions of the various secondary scenarios, the improvement in end-use energy efficiency will be the most effective option for controlling the total energy demand in both the short and long term. The release of energy-saving potentials on the demand side will effectively reduce the energy intensity of the GDP unit, with an expected energy-saving contribution rate of 59.1% in 2035. Optimizing of the energy consumption structure is the key to controlling the continuous decline in total carbon emissions. Therefore, natural resources should be used to vigorously develop clean energy and improve the electrification level to achieve clean and low-carbon supply side, and the carbon emission intensity per unit of GDP in 2035 is expected to be reduced by approximately 70% compared with that in 2020 under the low-carbon scenario.

PMID:41316746 | DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.202410003

Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2025 Nov 8;46(11):6770-6781. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202410099.

ABSTRACT

Cities are the key area for realizing peak carbon, and promoting low-carbon transformation in cities is an important tool for China to achieve the dual-carbon target. The characteristic reform programs of peak carbon pilot cities provide good references and guidance for other cities in China to reach the peak carbon goal. The Mann-Kendall trend test was used to construct a method for judging the city’s carbon peak status, and the carbon emissions of 25 carbon peak pilot cities from 2006 to 2022 were judged to reach the peak. The results showed that: ① There were three cities in the platform period, and ② there were 22 cities that had not reached the peak. Excluding Karamay City and Heihe City, which had missing data, the 23 peak carbon pilot cities were subjected to grey correlation analysis of carbon emission influencing factors. GDP per capita and urbanization rate were the factors with higher correlation, while the proportion of secondary industry and energy intensity showed a lower correlation. The results of the correlation rankings of the cities for various emission types were closely related to the development of the region. For example, Ordos City and Yulin City, which had high carbon emissions and high growth rates, were screened for carbon emission prediction. The STIRPAT carbon emission prediction model was constructed, and when combined with different scenarios, it was predicted that Ordos City could realize the goal of carbon peak in 2030 in all three scenarios, and Yulin City could realize the carbon peak in 2030 only under the strengthened low-carbon scenario.

PMID:41316744 | DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.202410099

J Res Adolesc. 2025 Dec;35(4):e70110. doi: 10.1111/jora.70110.

ABSTRACT

While adolescent pregnancy is widely recognized as a marker of early-life disadvantage, less is known about its long-term occupational consequences. This study examines the relationship between adolescent pregnancy experiences and precarious employment in adulthood, distinguishing between three pregnancy outcomes: abortion, miscarriage, and live birth. Using longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we estimate school-fixed effects regression models to assess whether adolescent pregnancy is associated with greater labor market precarity. To examine underlying mechanisms, we employ multivariate bootstrap mediation analysis to test the mediating roles of educational attainment, incarceration history, and depressive symptoms. Findings indicate that all pregnancy outcomes are linked to increased risk of precarious employment, with educational attainment emerging as a consistent mediator across all outcomes-accounting for 28.2% of the total effect for live birth, 15.4% for miscarriage, and 14.1% for abortion. Incarceration significantly mediates the association for live birth (16.8%) and miscarriage (17.0%), but not abortion. Depressive symptoms have a relatively smaller overall impact, mediating 13.7% of the effect for abortion only. These results underscore the importance of disaggregating adolescent pregnancy experiences and identifying key mechanisms to better understand how early reproductive events shape labor market inequality across the life course. Findings point to the need for targeted, outcome-specific interventions that support continued education, reduce criminal justice exposure, and address mental health to mitigate long-term employment precarity among adolescent pregnancy survivors.

PMID:41316715 | DOI:10.1111/jora.70110

Am J Reprod Immunol. 2025 Dec;94(6):e70189. doi: 10.1111/aji.70189.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Several studies have evaluated a wide range of immunomodulatory therapies for treatment of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a new addition. We aimed to perform a cumulative meta-analysis to update and reevaluate the efficacy of the use of G-CSF to reduce the risk of first trimester miscarriages in women with a history of RPL.

METHODS: We searched electronic databases until September 26, 2024. We screened 309 citations and included six randomized control trials (RCTs) and four observational cohort studies. A total of 800 women were included in the analysis for the primary outcome; 426 (53%) women had treatment with G-CSF and 374 (47%) women had placebo or no treatment.

RESULTS: Women who were administered GCSF in early pregnancy had a statistically significant reduction in miscarriage compared to those who had placebo or no treatment, odds ratio [95% CI] = 0.4 [0.3; 0.7]. A subsequent significant increase in live birth was also found in women who had GCSF, odds ratio [95% CI] = 2.3 [1.4; 3.6].

CONCLUSION: Among women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss, administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor resulted in statistically significant reduction in first trimester miscarriage and subsequent improvement in live birth.

PMID:41316709 | DOI:10.1111/aji.70189

Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. 2025 Nov 27;48(1):106222. doi: 10.1016/j.htct.2025.106222. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aims to compare the outcomes of bone marrow (BM) to peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) grafts in haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation using post-transplant cyclophosphamide-based graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis.

METHODS: A single-center retrospective analysis of all adult patients who underwent haploidentical transplants with at least one year of follow-up was conducted. Bivariate analyses were performed using chi-square tests and t-tests. Data were analyzed using SPSS with statistical significance being defined at p-value <0.05.

RESULTS: The study included 176 transplant recipients: 65 % received PBSC and 35 % received BM grafts. After a median follow-up of 21 months (range: 0-73 months), neither median overall survival nor disease-free survival had been reached. One-year overall survival (BM 75 % versus PBSC 74 %; p-value = 0.898) and one-year disease-free survival (63 % both groups; p-value = 0.994) were similar between groups. PBSC recipients exhibited earlier neutrophil engraftment (17 days versus 18 days; p-value = 0.022). The incidence of cytokine release syndrome was higher in PBSC (90 % versus 37 %) grafts (p-value <0.001). The incidences of Grade II-IV acute GvHD, relapse, non-relapse mortality, platelet engraftment, one-year chronic GvHD, and GvHD-free relapse-free survival were similar across both groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Haploidentical HSCT recipients observed similar outcomes regardless of graft source. Marginally faster neutrophil engraftment was observed in PBSC recipients. These findings suggest flexibility in using graft source for haploidentical transplants, though prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.

PMID:41313884 | DOI:10.1016/j.htct.2025.106222

Phytomedicine. 2025 Nov 17;149:157571. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2025.157571. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) impose disease deterioration and economic burden. Tan Yin Wan (TYW), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation, has shown promise in COPD management, but robust clinical evidence is lacking.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TYW in delaying AECOPD onset, with subgroup analyses exploring the TCM principle of “Treating Winter Disease in Summer” (Dongbing Xiazhi, ), which advocates reinforcing physiological resilience in low-risk seasons to mitigate exacerbation and severity of disease in high-risk seasons.

METHODS: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase Ⅳ clinical trial, participants with moderate-to-severe COPD and high exacerbation risk received TYW or an identical placebo, in addition to standard therapy for 52 weeks. The primary outcome was time to the first AECOPD. Secondary outcomes included the severity of the first AECOPD, annualized exacerbation rate, proportion of AECOPD cases, symptom scales (Breathlessness, Cough, and Sputum Scale (BCSS), COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC)), 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD), pulmonary function and safety.

RESULTS: A total of 342 patients were recruited from 18 centers between July 13, 2021, and June 5, 2023, with 308 patients in the full analysis set (FAS) and 297 in the per-protocol set (PPS). TYW significantly prolonged the time to the first AECOPD vs. placebo after adjustment for baseline confounding (adjusted HR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.35 – 0.87, p = 0.01), and the restricted mean survival time difference (ΔRMST) was 30.45 days (95% CI = 4.68 – 56.23, p = 0.02). Improvements were demonstrated in BCSS, CAT, mMRC, and 6MWD at multiple timepoints (all p < 0.05), though lung function showed no significant differences. Exploratory subgroup analysis indicated a numerical trend toward a prolonged time to first exacerbation by 40.29 days in summer-enrolled participants (June – August) compared to non-summer-enrolled participants. This observation is tentatively consistent with the TCM principle of “Treating Winter Disease in Summer” as a proactive preventive strategy, though formal statistical significance was not achieved. Safety profiles were comparable between groups.

CONCLUSIONS: TYW adjunct therapy might delay AECOPD onset and improve symptom burden, representing a preventive intervention that embodies TCM’s “Treating Disease Before Onset” (Zhi Wei Bing, ) philosophy, potentially through “Treating Winter Disease in Summer”, as a proactive seasonal strategy in long-term COPD management.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2100048801).

PMID:41313848 | DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2025.157571

Phys Life Rev. 2025 Nov 22;56:33-60. doi: 10.1016/j.plrev.2025.11.006. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Understanding and promoting cooperative behaviour among self-interested individuals is a critical concern in physical, biological, and social sciences. Numerous foundational mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation have been identified, and these mechanisms have served as the basis for developing tools and interventions designed to sustain and enhance cooperative behaviour. However, since both foundational mechanisms and the derived tools and interventions often involve costs affecting individuals or institutions, striving for maximum cooperation can sometimes harm social welfare, defined as the total population payoff. Herein, we review existing evolutionary mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation as well as tools and interventions based on these mechanisms, emphasising the often-overlooked hidden costs that may lead to a misalignment between cooperation and social welfare. By explicitly incorporating these hidden factors into the models, we analyse the conditions under which they reduce social welfare, across a broad range of social dilemma games and evolutionary forces. Additionally, we review experimental studies that support and inform mathematical models and agent-based simulations. We highlight when considering social welfare is crucial, as misalignment is most likely to occur. Ultimately, we argue that social welfare, not just cooperation, should be the primary optimisation objective when designing interventions for social good. We also suggest several key directions to further explore this often-overlooked issue in the literature. Overall, we reveal that hidden costs often influence the alignment between cooperation and social welfare, challenging the common prioritisation of cooperation alone.

PMID:41313836 | DOI:10.1016/j.plrev.2025.11.006