CA Cancer J Clin. 2025 Jan 16. doi: 10.3322/caac.21877. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:39817675 | DOI:10.3322/caac.21877
Category: Statistics
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J Adv Nurs. 2025 Jan 16. doi: 10.1111/jan.16690. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
AIMS: To explore the relationship between neighbourhood environments and mental health by integrating subjective and objective perspectives.
DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.
METHODS: From September 2023 to January 2024, adult residents at the physical examination centers of two public hospitals in China completed measurements of subjective neighbourhood environment, depressive and anxiety symptoms, psychological stress, and socio-demographic characteristics. Geographic information systems (GIS) were employed to extract objective environmental data including parks, bus stops, sports facilities, leisure facilities, residential housing, restaurants, food retail facilities, and street connectivity within a buffer zone of 500-m radius of the participants’ residential areas. Data were analysed using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS: This study included 438 participants (mean age, 36.98 ± 11.05 years; 55.3% female). The mean scores for depression, anxiety, and psychological stress were 3.55 ± 2.99, 3.16 ± 2.91, and 13.11 ± 4.88, respectively. The total score of the subjective neighbourhood environment was 78.33 ± 10.63, with the mean scores of each dimension ranging from 5.14 to 23.76. After adjusting for potential confounders, higher scores on street environment and higher density of sports facility were statistically significantly associated with reduced risk of depressive symptoms and psychological stress. Additionally, higher scores on walking environment and social cohesion were significantly associated with reduced risk of anxiety symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: This study found that street environments, walking environments, social cohesion, and density of sports facilities were independently associated with the mental health of adult residents in China.
IMPLICATIONS: The findings provide valuable insights for healthcare providers to consider specific health-related environmental factors and develop tailored interventions to promote the mental health of the residents.
IMPACT: Understanding the relationship between the subjective and objective environmental factors on mental health is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies, preventing psychological issues, enhancing the quality of care, and advancing public health policies and research.
REPORTING METHOD: The study was reported following the strengthening of the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.
PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.
PMID:39817660 | DOI:10.1111/jan.16690
J Vasc Access. 2025 Jan 16:11297298241308147. doi: 10.1177/11297298241308147. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a nomogram model for predicting central venous catheter-related infections (CRI) in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).
METHODS: MHD patients with central venous catheters (CVCs) visiting the outpatient hemodialysis (HD) center of Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital from January 2020 to December 2023 were retrospectively selected through a HD monitoring system. Patient data were collected, and the patients were divided into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. The training set was used to establish the model, which was verified using the validation set. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for central venous CRI and develop a nomogram prediction model.
RESULTS: A total of 300 MHD patients were enrolled. Multivariate analysis showed that catheter duration, catheter site, catheter reinsertion, history of catheter infection, diabetes, and albumin <35 g/L were risk factors for central venous CRI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for the training set was 0.902 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.862-0.941), with a sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 80%, and a Youden index of 65.7%, and that for the validation set was 0.826 (95% CI = 0.726-0.905), with a sensitivity of 80.5%, specificity of 77.9%, and a Youden index of 58.4%. The model demonstrated good discrimination and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test statistics: training set: χ2 = 4.709, p = 0.788; validation set: χ2 = 7.171, p = 0.518).
CONCLUSION: This study identified six risk factors associated with central venous CRI in MHD patients. This predictive model demonstrates good prognostic performance and can be used by clinicians to screen for high-risk patients with central venous CRI, thereby enabling the early implementation of risk management strategies.
PMID:39817420 | DOI:10.1177/11297298241308147
Environ Sci Technol. 2025 Jan 16. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c13351. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
The ubiquitous distribution of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments is linked to their transport in rivers and streams. However, the specific mechanism of bedload microplastic (MP) transport, notably their stochastic behaviors, remains an underexplored area. To investigate this, particle tracking velocimetry was employed to examine the continuous near-bed movements of four types of MPs under nine setups with different experimental conditions in a laboratory flume, with an emphasis on their streamwise transport. It was found that the streamwise velocity of MPs follows a normal distribution, which can be characterized using the proposed equations to estimate the ensemble mean and standard deviation of MP streamwise velocity. The proposed equations show low relative errors of ∼5% when compared to experimental data. This study also revealed similarities in the continuous movement of MPs and sediments in the streamwise diffusion process. A superdiffusive regime was observed, with particle inertia identified as the primary source of this anomalous diffusion. These results indicate that adopting a probabilistic framework may provide a promising avenue for improving numerical models and enhancing the understanding of MP transport behavior.
PMID:39817418 | DOI:10.1021/acs.est.4c13351
J Pathol Clin Res. 2025 Jan;11(1):e70017. doi: 10.1002/2056-4538.70017.
ABSTRACT
Distinct molecular subtypes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) may show different platinum sensitivities. Currently available data were mostly generated at transcriptome level and have limited comparability to each other. We aimed to determine the platinum sensitivity of molecular subtypes by using the protein expression-based Lund Taxonomy. In addition, we assessed the tumor heterogeneity within the primary tumor and between the primary and lymph node (LN) metastatic sites. Thirteen immunohistochemical markers were stained in a tissue microarray with an overall number of 1,508 cores. Statistical evaluation was performed in 199 patients divided into three chemo-naïve MIBC cohorts: (1) pT3/4 and/or LN+ patients who received radical cystectomy without platinum treatment, (2) patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (AC), and (3) patients who underwent palliative platinum treatment for metastatic disease or postoperative progression. Overall survival (OS) was used as the primary endpoint. Patients with the genomically unstable (GU) subtype had significantly better OS in the AC group compared to the radical cystectomy group (HR: 0.395, 95% CI: 0.205-0.795, p = 0.005). In contrast, no such association was observed for the basal/squamous (Ba/Sq) subtype. Intratumor heterogeneity was present in 19% of cases, with the lowest level in the Ba/Sq and GU tumors (14% each) and the highest level of 43% in small-cell/neuroendocrine-like tumors. There was greater subtype heterogeneity between primary tumors and LN metastases. In conclusion, immunohistochemistry-based Lund Taxonomy subtypes remain stable within the same primary tumor, with the GU subtype deriving the greatest OS benefit from AC. However, high tumor heterogeneity between the primary tumor and metastatic sites can impact the effectiveness of therapies.
PMID:39817402 | DOI:10.1002/2056-4538.70017
Curr Med Imaging. 2025 Jan 14. doi: 10.2174/0115734056330364250109072154. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The neuroanatomical basis of white matter fiber tracts in gait impairments in individuals suffering from Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is unclear.
METHODS: Twenty-four individuals living with PD and 29 Healthy Controls (HCs) were included. For each participant, two-shell High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) and high-resolution 3D structural images were acquired using the 3T MRI. Diffusion-weighted data preprocessing was performed using the orientation distribution function to trace the main fiber tracts in PD individuals. Clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared, and the correlation between the FA value and behavioral data was analyzed. Quantitative gait and clinical parameters were recorded in PD at ON and OFF states, respectively.
RESULTS: The mean tract-specific FA values of the right Cingulum Cingulate (rCC) were statistically different between the PD group and the HC group (p =0.047). The FA value of 34-58 equidistant nodes in rCC was positively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (r=0.527, p=0.024), Berg Balance Scale (BBS)-OFF (r=0.480, p =0.040), and BBS-ON (r=0.528, p =0.024) scores, while it was negatively correlated with the MDS-UPDRS-III-ON score (r=-0.502, p =0.030). Regarding the gait analysis, the FA value was significantly correlated with velocity, cadence, and stride time of the pace and rhythm domains in both ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ states, respectively (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: This study served as an initial exploration to establish that HARDI sequences could be employed as a robust tool for analyzing microstructural alterations in white matter fiber bundles among PD patients, although the sample size was small. We confirmed microstructural integrity impairment of rCC to be significantly associated with both gait and cognitive deficits in patients with PD. Early detection of microstructural changes in rCC and targeted treatment can help improve behavioral disorders. In the future, we intend to further integrate multimodal data with assessments of patient behavior both prior to and following intervention. We will validate our findings within an independent cohort to monitor disease progression and evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
PMID:39817395 | DOI:10.2174/0115734056330364250109072154
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2025 Jan 16:trae140. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/trae140. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Certain micronutrient levels have been associated with the risk of developing TB disease. We explored the possible association of selected at-risk micronutrient levels with the development of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection.
METHODS: This cohort study in Bandung, Indonesia, followed Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) negative TB case contacts with a repeat IGRA test at 3 mo. At baseline, blood was analysed for haemoglobin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, retinol-binding protein, C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, serum transferrin receptor (sTfR), ferritin, zinc and selenium. Total body iron was calculated using ferritin and sTfR status. Associations between case contact micronutrient concentration and IGRA conversion were estimated using Poisson regression.
RESULTS: Of 430 contacts, 115 (27%) underwent IGRA conversion. Ferritin concentration (adjusted for inflammation) was positively associated with risk of IGRA conversion (incidence rate ratio [IRR] for ferritin=1.17; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.35; p=0.03), but other select micronutrients were not. This association held for ferritin in the final multivariable model (IRR=1.27; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.47; p=0.002).
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of developing M.tb infection, as defined by IGRA conversion, is associated with increasing ferritin. Interventions in TB case contacts to temporarily reduce iron levels, including considering withholding any iron supplementation, may be worthy of evaluation.
PMID:39817357 | DOI:10.1093/trstmh/trae140
Res Nurs Health. 2025 Jan 16. doi: 10.1002/nur.22445. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Behavioral management is essential to preventing recurrence after stroke, but its adherence is limited worldwide. We aimed to assess the impact of the behavior intervention based on the Recurrence risk perception and Behavioral decision Model for ischemic stroke patients’ health behavior. This study was a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial with a 3-month follow-up. The outcome measures were the perception of the risk of stroke recurrence, behavioral decision, and health behavior. A total of seventy participants were randomized to the intervention group (n = 35) or control group (n = 35). The former received a twelve-week theory-based intervention in addition to the routine education, while the control group received only the routine education. The generalized estimating equations results indicated that the intervention group had significantly greater improvements in perception of the risk of stroke recurrence compared to the control group at all T1 (B = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.23), T2 (B = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.28), and T3 (B = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.25) after adjusting for stroke frequency. Statistically significant improvements were found in behavioral decision for the intervention group compared with the control group at T2 (B = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.41) and T3 (B = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.43). Results also showed a significantly higher increase in health behavior at T1 (B = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.48) and T2 (B = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.40). The intervention can improve the perception of the risk of stroke recurrence, behavioral decision, and health behavior in ischemic stroke patients. IMPLICATIONS: This study provides a reference point for promoting healthy behaviors in patients with ischemic stroke. A recurrence risk perception and behavioral decision model-based intervention was deemed to be feasible and useful in practice. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Patients and their caregivers agreed to participate in the study and shared their experiences of participating in research with us.
PMID:39817355 | DOI:10.1002/nur.22445
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2025 Jan 16:trae131. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/trae131. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Snakebite is a priority neglected tropical disease, but incidence data are lacking; current estimates rely upon incomplete health facility reports or ad hoc surveys. Spatial analysis methods harness statistical associations between case incidence and spatially varying factors to improve estimates. This systematic review aimed to identify variables associated with snakebite risk in spatial and temporal analyses for inclusion in geospatial studies to improve risk estimation accuracy.
METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Global Health, PubMed and Web of Science in January 2023 for studies published since 1980 assessing snakebite outcomes and spatially varying factors at the setting level. Study quality was assessed using an adapted Joanna Briggs Institute tool. The results are presented by narrative synthesis.
RESULTS: Thirty-five studies were eligible; the majority were from Central and South America (18), then Asia (11). Climate and environment were most frequently assessed, with temperature, humidity and tree cover predominantly positively associated with snakebite risk, drought negatively associated and altitude negative/mixed. Crop and livestock variables mostly showed positive associations; population density and urban residence overwhelmingly displayed negative associations.
CONCLUSIONS: This review identifies key variables that should be considered in future snakebite risk research. Limitations include low research availability from the highest risk regions. There is an evident need for greater research into snakebite risk variation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
PMID:39817354 | DOI:10.1093/trstmh/trae131
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2025 Jan 16. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2025.2450254. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Retatrutide is a novel triple hormone receptor agonist which has shown great promise in tackling obesity in preliminary trials. We did this systematic review and meta-analysis to pool the results of all available trials and ascertain its safety and efficacy in the treatment of obesity.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Central and Embase using appropriate search terms and randomized control trials (RCTs) were identified which reported the safety and efficacy of retatrutide. Data was pooled using mean differences for continuous variables and risk ratios for the safety profile in RStudio.
RESULTS: After the initial search four RCTs were included in the analysis which compared the safety and efficacy of retatrutide versus placebo. Retatrutide showed a dose dependent relationship with the 12 mg dose causing the maximum reductions across all the outcomes considered. The safety profile of retatrutide was found to be comparable to the control group.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion our analysis found retatrutide to be clinically and statistically better than placebo in the various studies outcomes. We eagerly await the conduction of further trials for more robust and substantial results.
PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero identifier is CRD42024566153.
PMID:39817343 | DOI:10.1080/17512433.2025.2450254