Category: Statistics

J Pers Soc Psychol. 2025 Oct;129(4):758. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000505.

ABSTRACT

Reports the notice of retraction of “Here one time, gone the next: Fluctuations in support received and provided predict changes in relationship satisfaction across the transition to parenthood” by Jami Eller, Yuthika U. Girme, Brian P. Don, W. Steven Rholes, Kristin D. Mickelson and Jeffry A. Simpson (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2023[May], Vol 124[5], 971-1000; see record 2023-15847-001). The first author, Jami Eller, was unable to be reached. In the process of replicating analyses, these authors found that while the descriptive statistics for both studies reported in this paper replicated, overtime dyadic analyses testing focal hypotheses were not statistically significant at p < .05. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2023-15847-001.) Extant research has demonstrated that higher mean (average) levels of social support often produce robust relational benefits. However, partners may not maintain the same level of support across time, resulting in potential fluctuations (i.e., within-person variations across time) in support. Despite the theorizing and initial research on fluctuations in relationship-relevant thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, little is known about (a) who is most likely to fluctuate in support and (b) the degree to which fluctuations, in combination with and beyond mean levels, impact relationships across time. The current preregistered research examined two dyadic longitudinal samples of first-time parents undergoing the transition to parenthood, a chronically stressful time that often entails the provision and receipt of support involving one’s partner. Across both studies, we found that individuals who reported greater mental health problems, more situational stress, and more destructive dispositional attributes tended to report lower mean levels and higher fluctuations in provided and received support at subsequent assessments. Moreover, we found that greater fluctuations in perceptions and observations of support predicted decreases in relationship satisfaction over time, above and beyond the effect of mean levels. Implications for theory and studying nonlinear effects in relationships are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:40932763 | DOI:10.1037/pspi0000505

Prehosp Emerg Care. 2025 Sep 11:1-35. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2025.2558865. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The adverse role of accidental hypothermia in trauma patients has been studied for decades while patients undergoing prehospital tracheal intubation are at particular risk due to impaired temperature autoregulation. The primary objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with admission hypothermia (body temperature <35 °C) at the emergency department. Secondary objectives included the assessment of the association of hypothermia with all-cause mortality, transfusion requirement, intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS), and duration of mechanical ventilation.

METHODS: In a single-center retrospective analysis, trauma patients aged ≥16 years undergoing prehospital tracheal intubation were analyzed for admission temperature between 2008 and 2022. Multivariable logistic regression analyses and linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between risk factors, hypothermia, and outcomes.

RESULTS: A total of 851 patients (72% male) with a median age of 50 years, a median injury severity score (ISS) of 27 points, and a 30-day mortality of 30% were included. The median admission body temperature was 35.1 °C, and 366 patients (43%) were hypothermic. Independent risk factors for hypothermia were outside temperature (OR 1.03 per one degree Celsius decrease, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05), helicopter transport (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.33), ISS score (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04), admission shock (OR 3.48, 95% CI 2.27 to 5.34), admission acidosis (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.73), and admission coagulopathy (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.76). Multivariable outcome analyses revealed significant associations of hypothermia with 24-hour mortality (OR 6.6, 95% CI 3.2 to 13.64), 30-day mortality (OR 3.81, 95% CI 2.35 to 6.18), massive transfusion (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.78 to 4.86), ICU LOS in survivors (beta weight 3.15, 95% CI 0.73 to 5.58) and duration of mechanical ventilation in survivors (beta weight 2.65, 95% CI 0.89 to 4.41).

CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that a significant proportion of trauma patients who require prehospital tracheal intubation experience hypothermia, which is associated with critical injury severity and high mortality rates. These associations suggest the potential for implementing preventive measures and rewarming strategies until arrival at the emergency department, necessitating further investigation.

PMID:40932762 | DOI:10.1080/10903127.2025.2558865

Psychol Trauma. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1037/tra0002015. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the feasibility and efficacy of a culturally adapted virtual reality exposure therapy program for Syrian refugee women with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

METHOD: A mixed methods pilot study was conducted with eight Syrian refugee women (aged 25-60) in Lebanon. Participants completed a 13-session virtual reality exposure therapy intervention delivered in three phases: auditory triggers, audiovisual simulations, and immersive 360° war-related environments. PTSD symptoms were assessed pre and postintervention using the validated Arabic PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) supplemented by qualitative interviews.

RESULTS: Participants demonstrated a significant reduction in PTSD symptoms (mean PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition decrease: 30.75 points, p < .001, d = 2.89). Six out of eight participants achieved subclinical PTSD levels posttreatment. Symptom reductions persisted at 6-month follow-up (p < .001). Qualitative themes highlighted improved emotional regulation, reduced hypervigilance, and challenges with claustrophobia during immersion.

CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that virtual reality exposure therapy is a promising, scalable, and culturally sensitive intervention for trauma-exposed refugee populations. Future research with larger randomized trials is warranted to confirm efficacy and improve accessibility in humanitarian settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:40932761 | DOI:10.1037/tra0002015

Psychol Trauma. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1037/tra0002040. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: High levels of traumatic exposure are well-documented in past research within transgender, nonbinary, and gender expansive (TNGE) groups; however, less is known about the levels of traumatic exposure among TNGE Black, Indigenous, and other people of color (BIPOC) communities.

METHOD: This exploratory study aimed to examine the prevalence of traumatic exposure in a community sample of 110 TNGE BIPOC who endorsed past-year suicidal ideation. The Life Events Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (LEC-5) was utilized to measure traumatic exposure that was personally experienced firsthand and that of general traumatic exposure (i.e., experienced firsthand or vicariously). Descriptive statistics are reported detailing the prevalence of both forms of traumatic exposure.

RESULTS: Findings indicate that the average firsthand traumatic exposure and general traumatic exposure scores for the general sample were on average 4.89 and 10.85 types of events, respectively. The most common types of firsthand traumatic exposure were unwanted sexual experience (69%), other stressful experience (61%), physical assault (55%), sexual assault (45%), and transportation accident (45%). The most common types of general traumatic exposure were unwanted sexual experience (86%), physical assault (85%), transportation accident (81%), sexual assault (77%), and natural disaster (74%).

CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that the prevalence and nature of traumatic exposure experienced by TNGE BIPOC may be substantially distinct from that of the general population. Replication of this study with a representative sample is warranted to further assess the prevalence of firsthand and vicarious traumatic exposure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:40932759 | DOI:10.1037/tra0002040

JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Sep 2;8(9):e2531341. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.31341.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a proven effective intervention to reduce the risk for HIV infection. Critically, changes in policies that lead to increased out-of-pocket PrEP costs or that decrease access to proximate PrEP locations could reduce PrEP coverage, resulting in excess HIV infections and costs.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate how decreases in PrEP coverage that would be likely results of federal policy changes may be associated with new HIV infections and their costs.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this economic evaluation, US population-based data sources were used to describe population-level PrEP use and new diagnoses under different hypothetical changes in PrEP coverage. Estimations of excess HIV infections under different policy changes were conducted using parameters from a previously published ecological model of the association between PrEP coverage and new HIV infections. Data on PrEP prescriptions from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022, and estimates from a previously reported original clinical model, which described decreases in HIV diagnoses associated with increases in population PrEP use, were analyzed. Data were analyzed from February 25 to May 23, 2025.

EXPOSURE: Change in PrEP coverage.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Estimated change in new HIV infections under different assumed reductions in PrEP coverage, costs of treatment for avoidable HIV infections, and net costs of avoidable infections after accounting for costs of PrEP medications. We also estimated increases in new HIV diagnoses associated with hypothesized levels of decreasing PrEP coverage, and the costs of treating infections not averted.

RESULTS: In 2012, there were 9565 PrEP users in the US; they were predominately male (5857 [61.2%]), and 7109 (74.3%) were aged 25 to 54 years. By race and ethnicity, 1235 PrEP users (12.9%) were Hispanic, 1857 (19.4%) were non-Hispanic Black, and 5404 (56.5%) were non-Hispanic White. Based on analyses of data from a census of US PrEP users including 17 333 732 person-years of time using PrEP, an absolute 3.3% annual reduction in PrEP coverage during the next 10 years (eg, 2023 to 2033) would result in 8618 avoidable HIV infections, with lifetime medical costs of $3.6 billion (discounted) for treatment.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this economic evaluation estimating effects of the possible health care policy changes on HIV transmission, findings suggest that even modest reductions in PrEP coverage would result in thousands of avoidable HIV infections and billions of dollars of increases in net health care costs.

PMID:40932715 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.31341

JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Sep 2;8(9):e2531366. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.31366.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Although the use of anticoagulants or antiplatelets is known to increase bleeding risk, there is limited evidence on whether they contribute to a higher incidence of intraocular hemorrhage in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between anticoagulant or antiplatelet use and clinically important intraocular hemorrhage requiring vitrectomy in patients with exudative AMD.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database, 149 620 patients with exudative AMD older than 40 years were identified from May 1, 2014, to April 30, 2023.

EXPOSURES: Use of anticoagulants or antiplatelets.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main study outcome was clinically important intraocular hemorrhage requiring vitrectomy. The analysis used a retrospective, longitudinal cohort study design using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses (exposure vs nonexposure group) and a cross-sectional case-control study design using logistic regression analysis (hemorrhage vs no hemorrhage group). All analyses were adjusted for demographics and comorbidities.

RESULTS: A total of 94 449 patients (mean [SD] age, 71.8 [9.8] years; 55 677 [59.0%] male) were included in the cohort study, and 8110 patients (mean [SD] age, 70.2 [9.6] years; 5090 [62.8%] male) were included in the case-control study. In the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, anticoagulant or antiplatelet exposure was associated with a higher risk of intraocular hemorrhage requiring vitrectomy (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02-1.29). The incidence probability of intraocular hemorrhage requiring vitrectomy was higher in the exposure group than the nonexposure group. In the logistic analysis, the use of anticoagulants (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.88; 95% CI, 1.45-2.44) or antiplatelets (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.19-1.57) was associated with intraocular hemorrhage requiring vitrectomy. The combined use of anticoagulants and antiplatelets showed the highest aOR (aOR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.65-3.15). Higher medication adherence was also associated with a higher aOR of intraocular hemorrhage (aOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.45-1.97).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this nationwide cohort study of patients with exudative AMD, antithrombotic medications were associated with a higher risk of intraocular hemorrhage requiring vitrectomy. These results suggest the need for proactive communication and tailored monitoring strategies to help minimize such sight-threatening complications.

PMID:40932714 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.31366

Crit Care Explor. 2025 Sep 11;7(9):e1307. doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000001307. eCollection 2025 Sep 1.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Physical therapy (PT) interventions for patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is thought to help preserve independence, but the impact of PT frequency on ECMO recovery is not well understood.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between PT frequency and functional outcomes in patients supported with ECMO.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective, single-center study of patients supported with ECMO at a large volume ECMO referral center. Patients were grouped by PT frequency (high < 3 d, moderate 3-7 d, and low > 7 d between sessions).

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the final Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) “6-Clicks” Basic Mobility Score. For the subgroup of patients discharged alive, a multivariable logistic model was used to understand what affected a patient’s odds of a final AM-PAC score greater than or equal to 18, indicating functional independence.

RESULTS: One hundred forty-two subjects were included with a median age of 48 years (interquartile range, 35-58 yr). Patients received venovenous (55%, n = 78/142) or venoarterial (45%, n = 64/142) ECMO. Of the cohort, 61% (n = 86/142) were discharged alive. A final AM-PAC score of greater than or equal to 18 was seen in 30% of patients (n = 43/142) before discharge. High- and moderate-frequency groups were more likely to survive to hospital discharge (76%, n = 22/29 and 75%, n = 38/51 vs. 44%, n = 27/62; p = 0.001). Controlling for age, sex, PT frequency, and the number of PT sessions after ECMO, logistic regression showed the number of PT sessions on ECMO (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.28) significantly impacted the odds of a final AM-PAC score greater than or equal to 18.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In patients supported with ECMO, high- and moderate-frequency of PT and PT on ECMO were associated with improved functional outcomes at hospital discharge.

PMID:40932702 | DOI:10.1097/CCE.0000000000001307

J Interpers Violence. 2025 Sep 11:8862605251360030. doi: 10.1177/08862605251360030. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Families living in heavily policed and incarcerated communities bear a disproportionate burden of intimate partner violence (IPV), with serious consequences for children. Incidents of IPV may bring parents into contact with the criminal legal system, but parents’ criminal legal system contact (whether for IPV or other charges) may also precipitate IPV. This study examines the bidirectional relationship between inter-parental IPV and fathers’ contact with the criminal legal system, using data collected from young parents in the Future of Families and Child Well-being Study (N = 4,898) when their children were ages 1, 3, 5, and 9. Autoregressive cross-lagged model results indicate that paternal incarceration (for any charge) predicts later maternal IPV victimization and that maternal IPV victimization predicts later paternal incarceration. Observed effects diminish over the child’s early years and are statistically insignificant by age 9. Beta values indicate that incarceration is a stronger predictor of later IPV than IPV is of later jailing or imprisonment. Extending prior empirical work on IPV and the legal system-traditionally focused more on outcomes of domestic violence calls for service, protective orders, and domestic violence criminal adjudication than on IPV-impacted families’ broader encounters with the legal system-this study suggests that in a time of mass incarceration, fathers’ broader criminal legal system contact may exacerbate early childhood IPV exposure.

PMID:40932691 | DOI:10.1177/08862605251360030

Radiol Med. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1007/s11547-025-02089-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We aimed to systematically review the studies that utilized deep learning (DL)-based networks to predict hematoma expansion (HE) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using computed tomography (CT) images.

METHODS: We carried out a comprehensive literature search across four major databases to identify relevant studies. To evaluate the quality of the included studies, we used both the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) and the METhodological RadiomICs Score (METRICS) checklists. We then calculated pooled diagnostic estimates and assessed heterogeneity using the I² statistic. To assess the sources of heterogeneity, effects of individual studies, and publication bias, we performed subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and Deek’s asymmetry test.

RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 11 and 6 were utilized for exclusive DL and combined DL meta-analyses, respectively. We found pooled sensitivity of 0.81 and 0.84, specificity of 0.79 and 0.91, positive diagnostic likelihood ratio (DLR) of 3.96 and 9.40, negative DLR of 0.23 and 0.18, diagnostic odds ratio of 16.97 and 53.51, and area under the curve of 0.87 and 0.89 for exclusive DL-based and combined DL-based models, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed significant inter-group differences according to the segmentation technique and study quality.

CONCLUSION: DL-based networks showed strong potential in accurately identifying HE in ICH patients. These models may guide earlier targeted interventions such as intensive blood pressure control or administration of hemostatic drugs, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.

PMID:40932678 | DOI:10.1007/s11547-025-02089-6

Spine Deform. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1007/s43390-025-01175-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Anterior vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a viable option for children with idiopathic scoliosis. Treating double major curves with bilateral VBT may allow patients to avoid spinal fusion while improving the coronal Cobb angle.

METHODS: A single center retrospective study was conducted to identify all patients who underwent bilateral VBT (lowest instrumented vertebra L3 or 4) with minimum 2-year follow-up. Clinical and radiographic parameters were collected, including complications and reoperations. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing Students’ t-test.

RESULTS: Seventy-three patients (67 female, 91.8%) underwent bilateral VBT with mean follow-up of 4.2 ± 1.5 years. Preoperatively, all patients were skeletally immature (age 12.7 ± 1.2 years with a Sanders score of 3.3 ± 0.8 and Risser grade of 0.6 ± 0.8). The preoperative lumbar Cobb angle was 51.1° ± 7.9° which corrected to 20.7° ± 11.3° at most recent follow-up (p < 0.01) and the thoracic Cobb angle measured 52.3° ± 9.0° which corrected to 27.0° ± 11.3° (p < 0.01) at most recent follow-up. At latest follow-up, 51/73 (69.9%) had a thoracic Cobb angle <30°, 59/73 patients (80.8%) had a lumbar Cobb angle <30°, and 47/73 (64.4%) had both thoracic and lumbar Cobb angles <30°. 15 patients (20.5%) underwent 17 reoperations with overcorrection being the most common indication (8/17, 47.1%). Broken tethers led to reoperation in 3/17 instances (17.6%). Five patients (6.8%) eventually required posterior spinal fusion.

CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral VBT is a safe procedure and may be a viable option for patients with double curves, with the majority of curves measuring <30° at most recent follow-up. Surgeons can use these data to help patients and parents make informed decisions regarding treatment options.

PMID:40932668 | DOI:10.1007/s43390-025-01175-z