Category: Statistics

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1400-S1403. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_693_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Complex anatomy of the root canal system results in incomplete debridement with mechanical instrumentation, leaving some areas or root canal walls untouched. There comes the significance of endodontic irrigants with residual antibacterial substantivity which prolongs the post-antibiotic effect, thereby improving the success and predictability of endodontic treatment.

AIM: To comparatively evaluate the residual antibacterial substantivity of 2% chlorhexidine, Biopure MTAD and 2% chitosan against Enterococcus faecalis at intervals of 1, 14 and 28 days.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five therapeutically extracted permanent single rooted mandibular premolars teeth were selected. Dentin blocks of 4 mm thickness were prepared and enlarged to 1.6 mm. The autoclaved blocks were inoculated with 24-hour colonies of pure cultures of E. faecalis for 14 days. After the contamination period, canals of each dentin block were irrigated with 5 ml of sterile saline and dried with sterile paper points. A total of 75 dentin blocks were randomly divided into five groups as follows: Group A (21 specimens): 2% chlorhexidine, Group B (21 specimens): Biopure MTAD, Group C (21 specimens): 2% chitosan, Group D (6 specimens): positive control (infected dentin tubes) and Group E (six specimens): negative control (sterile dentin tubes). Then, the lumens of dentin blocks were irrigated with the respective irrigants for 10 mins and were dried using sterile paper points. The specimens were then incubated at 37°C for 28 days to maintain humidity. At experimental intervals of 1, 14 and 28 days, dentin shavings were removed from the canals of respective groups by circumferential filing with sterile no. 35 Hedstrom files. The powdered dentin samples obtained with each dentin block were observed for colony forming units (CFUs) using a Digital Colony counter and were expressed as CFUs/mL.

RESULT: All the irrigants in the study showed a significant decrease in CFUs from day 1 to day 28 indicating that they have residual antibacterial substantivity against E. faecalis. Group B (Biopure MTAD) showed significantly least mean CFUs compared to Group A (2% CHX) and Group C (2% chitosan) against E. faecalis at B1(day 1), B2(day 14) and B3(day 28). Group A (2% CHX) showed significantly higher mean CFUs than Group C (2% chitosan) at A1(day 1). Group C (2% chitosan) showed significantly higher mean CFUs compared to Group A (2% CHX) at C2(day 14) and C3 (day 28).

CONCLUSION: MTAD showed statistically higher residual antibacterial substantivity against E. faecalis at experimental periods of 1, 14 and 28 days. The residual antibacterial effect of 2% chitosan was better compared to 2% CHX at day 1. The residual antimicrobial substantivity of 2% CHX was higher compared to 2% chitosan at intervals of 14 and 28 days.

PMID:38882860 | PMC:PMC11174313 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_693_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1633-S1636. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1170_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Fordyce granules, sometimes referred to as Fordyce dots, are aberrant sebaceous glands that present as diminutive, non-painful, elevated lesions exhibiting a yellowish or whitish hue, measuring 1 to 3 mm in diameter, and manifesting inside the oral cavity. Likewise, these particles may also be seen in the vaginal region and inside the oral cavity.

AIM: The primary objective of the current study is to evaluate the potential association between Fordyce granules and the skin type of individuals who seek dental care at the Dental Clinics of Qassim University.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current cross-sectional research was undertaken at the Dental Clinics of Qassim University, with a sample of 87 patients diagnosed with Fordyce’s granules. The research consisted of a heterogeneous sample of participants, including individuals of all genders, ranging in age from 18 to 85 years. The study included a comprehensive evaluation of several anatomical regions to identify the existence of Fordyce’s granules. This examination was conducted by a single examiner who had undergone calibration. Additionally, the participants’ skin types were established using the Baumann Skin Typing System questionnaire. The data that was gathered was afterward analyzed utilizing statistical methods via the use of SPSS software. A pre-set significance level was established at P < 0.05.

RESULTS: The distribution of skin types among the study participants with Fordyce’s granules were found to be oily skin (51.3%), dry skin (47.9%), sensitive skin (49.3%), and resistant skin (56.3%). The results of the research showed that there was no statistically significant correlation between the two variables, i.e. skin type and the presence of Fordyce’s granules. This conclusion is supported by the increased P values of 0.941 for those with oily skin and 0.785 for individuals with dry skin.

CONCLUSION: No relation between skin type and Fordyce’s granules in the current study.

PMID:38882851 | PMC:PMC11174180 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1170_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1657-S1662. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1256_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

Rubber dam isolation is crucial in dentistry, but its use varies among dental students. There is a need to assess their awareness, attitudes, and practices and find ways to promote its usage. To evaluate dental students’ knowledge and practices regarding rubber dam isolation and identify barriers to its use. The study employed a cross-sectional design to assess dental students’ knowledge and practices regarding rubber dam isolation. Data were collected from dental students at Al-Qassim University during the period from January to March 2023. A convenience sampling method was used, involving students from the third, fourth, and fifth academic years, with a total of 62 questionnaires distributed. A pre-tested questionnaire consisting of 11 closed-ended questions was used to collect data, and the analysis was performed using SPSS version 21, with results presented through descriptive statistics. Only 21% always used rubber dam for amalgam restorations, while 53.2% used it for composite restorations. Over 70% believed their education on rubber dam was adequate. The main barriers were difficulty (40.3%) and time constraints (53.2%). About 68% felt rubber dam should be mandatory for composite treatments. Dental students need more education and training to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice concerning rubber dam isolation. Implementing it can enhance the quality of dental care.

PMID:38882844 | PMC:PMC11174262 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1256_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1423-S1425. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_808_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In pediatric dentistry, the esthetically pleasing materials have tremendously changed the concept of restorative practice.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: 1. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of child health drinks on color stability of various esthetic restorative materials via spectrophotometric analysis and to identify the esthetic restorative material that is color-stable against child health drinks.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 disk-shaped specimens with a diameter of 12 mm and a thickness of 2 mm were made from a composite (Dyract), giomer (Shofu), and composite (GC). Each group of 40 specimens of each material was divided into four sub-groups. Each sub-group was stored in different solutions, distilled water, Bournvita, Horlicks, and Pediasure, for 60 days. The color change measurement was done using a spectrophotometer both before and after staining.

RESULT: One-way analysis of variance depicted that when the ΔE values of the restorative material were tested against each of the child health drink, there was a statistically significant difference between all child health drinks (P < 0.00001). When restorative materials were compared with the staining agent on 60 days duration, except Pediasure and Control, others (i.e. Horlicks and Bournvita) showed a statistically high significance (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Bournvita caused the highest color changes in 60 days time interval, followed by Horlicks and Pediasure. When the discoloration of several materials is studied, the highest level of discoloration was observed in the compomer, followed by the giomer, and the lowest level in the composite.

PMID:38882833 | PMC:PMC11174245 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_808_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1526-S1530. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1208_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

The stainless-steel crown (SSC) is a durable restoration and has several indications for use in primary teeth such as following a pulpotomy/pulpectomy, fractured teeth, teeth with developmental defects, or large multi-surface caries lesions where amalgam is likely to fail. Due to its durability and a lifespan like the primary tooth, it could well be the gold standard in restorative care. SSCs protect the crown from fracture, reduce the possibility for leakage, and ensure a biological seal. However, the placement of the SSC should follow a meticulous technique. There are some clinical situations where the SSC may fail, leading to plaque accumulation and gingivitis. This could be secondary to improper crimping of crown margins, which lead to poorly adapted SSC. In some clinical situations, ledge formation under the crown or failure to clean excess cement can contact the gingiva and cause gingival inflammation. This study was carried out on 41 children between the ages of 4 and 10 in Al Qassim region to study the effects of SSCs on gingiva and oral hygiene. The study also aims to establish the correlation between SSC adaptation and post-insertion inflammation. The plaque and gingival index were recorded at 3 months’ post SSC insertion. Clinical examination was undertaken, and gingival index (Loe and Silness 1967) and plaque index (Silness and Loe 1967) were used to record gingival health and plaque accumulation, respectively. The result for post-inflammation and SSC adaptation showed that there was no statistically significant difference in post-insertion inflammation and crown adaptation (P value = 0.216). The result for pre-operative inflammation and post-operative inflammation shows that there is no significant difference in post-inflammation and adaptation (P value = 0.47). We found that oral hygiene care had a heightening effect and oral hygiene maintenance plays a key role in preventing gingival inflammation irrespective of the SSC adaptation over short periods of time (3 months).

PMID:38882832 | PMC:PMC11174296 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1208_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1811-S1814. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1182_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To assess the level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the unstimulated saliva of autism children and normal children.

METHODS: A total of 60 children participated in the study (autism children-30; normal children-30) in the age-group of 7-14 years, at a Special Needs Children’s Home in Salem district. Both groups were further subdivided into subgroups of 15 children each (caries-free and caries-active). All children were given instructions regarding saliva sample collection, and unstimulated saliva samples were collected in sterile cryovials and transported to the laboratory at 4°C, where the TAC of saliva was evaluated using the spectrophotometric assay.

RESULTS: TAC of autism children was comparable to that of normal children due to personal care and improved diet. TAC was increased in caries-active children when compared to caries-free children in both groups. When comparing the mean values of TAC in caries-active and caries-free children of both groups, it was not statistically significant. So, from the above results, it can be assumed that the diet, age, and caries activity have a definitive influence on the TAC level of saliva.

CONCLUSION: Personal hygiene, diet, age, and caries activity have a definitive influence on the level of TAC in saliva.

PMID:38882824 | PMC:PMC11174289 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1182_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1731-S1735. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1152_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract blackseed, seaweed, and calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament with Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. To study the binding interaction between the active components of blackseed and seaweed against the enterococcal surface protein of (E. faecalis) by molecular docking.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ethanolic extracts of blackseed and seaweed were prepared using the Soxhlet apparatus. They were divided into three groups, namely, |Group I: Calcium hydroxide, Group II: Blackseed, and Group III: Seaweed. The antibacterial activity of the three groups was detected employing various concentrations ranging from 250, 125, and 62.5 μg/ml and based on the zone of inhibition. The inhibitory potential of medicaments to inhibit E. faecalis growth at various stages and kinetics plate were assessed following biofilm architecture evaluation by crystal violet biofilm assay. With the Swissdock suite, the molecular docking procedure was carried out. PyMOL version 4.1.5 was the program used for visualization. Since enterococcal surface protein (Esp) is primarily involved in the formation of biofilms, it was chosen as the target protein of E. faecalis. Based on their chromatographic investigations, Group II Thymoquinone (TQ) and Group III Ledenoxide were chosen as ligands.

RESULTS: The percentage of inhibition of E. faecalis biofilm was analyzed as statistically significant observed within groups. On post-hoc analysis, significant differences were present between the groups (P < 0.05). Molecular docking reveals binding energies of thymoquinone (Group II) and ledenoxide (Group III) against the enterococcal surface protein of E. faecalis were -6.90 Kcal/mol and -6.44 Kcal/mol, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Compared to seaweed, black seed extract exhibited higher antibacterial activity against the E. faecalis biofilm in microbial inhibition and molecular interaction.

PMID:38882822 | PMC:PMC11174239 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1152_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1447-S1452. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_857_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) has been linked with various oral signs and symptoms, such as oral mucosal lesions and gingival and periodontal effects. However, there is limited research on the prevalence of SLT use and its impact on gingival and periodontal health in the adult population of the Emirates of Sharjah.

AIM: To assess the prevalence of SLT consumption and its effects on gingival and periodontal health in the adult population of the Emirates of Sharjah.

METHODS: The study evaluated 171 dentate patients aged 18-77 years who use SLT or are nonsmokers. Data were collected through a questionnaire on SLT use and periodontal health assessed using plaque index, gingival index (GI), attachment score, and gingival recession (GR). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 27.0 version.

RESULTS: Among 390 screened participants, 28 subjects (21 males and 7 females) were SLT users with prevalence of 7.18%. No significant differences were found in plaque index, GI, or periodontal pocket depth. However, SLT users had significantly higher clinical attachment loss scores (mean 4.01 mm, SD 0.35) compared to non-users (mean 1.49 mm, SD 1.12). Significant differences were also observed in GR.

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insights into the prevalence and impact of SLT use on periodontal and gingival health in UAE adults. SLT usage is associated with a higher risk of periodontitis and gingivitis, indicating the need for awareness and intervention. Further research is required to validate results and consider confounding factors.

PMID:38882819 | PMC:PMC11174176 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_857_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1442-S1446. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_842_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

Conservative caries removal has become an integral part of minimally invasive dentistry (MID). Polymer and Cera burs are two feasible MID methods. The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of Polymer, Cera, and Tungsten carbide bur in dentin caries excavation of mandibular primary molars. 45 children in the age group of 6-8 years with dentin caries, not involving pulp in the second mandibular primary molars, were selected for the study. The three burs compared were polymer bur, Cera bur, and Tungsten Carbide bur. The excavation of carious lesion was performed with each burs using a slow-speed handpiece with 500-1000rpm. Caries removal efficiency was evaluated using the Visual-Tactile method and confirmed Dye detection method. The time taken to complete the caries removal was measured using a stopwatch. The patient’s pain perception was assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. The intergroup comparisons based on time, dye, and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS) were arrived at using Mann-Whitney and Fisher Exact tests at P < 0.0001. A statistical significance between the three groups on the time taken for caries removal at P < 0.0001. No statistical significance was observed between the three groups for caries removal efficiency and pain perception using the dye and WBFPRS scores at P > 0.001. Cera burs had shown high caries removal efficiency, which had taken less time in the excavation, with reduced pain perception followed by Tungsten Carbide bur and the polymer bur in mandibular primary molars.

PMID:38882818 | PMC:PMC11174316 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_842_23

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Apr;16(Suppl 2):S1270-S1273. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_587_23. Epub 2024 Apr 16.

ABSTRACT

Sesuvium portulacastrum, a coastal medicinal plant with traditional uses has shown promising biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, the mechanisms of action active ingredients of this plant have not been studied. Aim of the current study is to investigate the anticancer activity of Sesuvium portulacastrum using in vitro and in silico analysis. The in vitro assays included NO radical scavenging activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content determination. The data were analysed by one-way-ANOVA and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins, steroids, terpenoids and phenols. Antioxidant activity of S. portulacastrum showed the dose dependent effect of nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. In silico analysis showed a better binding affinity with IR, IRS1 and Akt molecules which demonstrated the action of bioactive compound of S. portulacastrum against IRS-1/AKT signalling pathway.

PMID:38882817 | PMC:PMC11174261 | DOI:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_587_23