Category: Statistics

BMC Public Health. 2023 Apr 11;23(1):678. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15562-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Adolescents experience a host of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges, with detrimental SRH and socio-economic consequences. These include early sexual debut, sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS, teenage pregnancy, and early childbearing. Parent-adolescent communication about SRH has significant potential to reduce adolescents’ risky sexual behaviors. However, communication between parents and adolescents is limited. This study explored the facilitators and barriers to parent-adolescent communication about sexual and reproductive health.

METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study in the border districts of Busia and Tororo in Eastern Uganda. Data collection entailed 8 Focus Group Discussions comprising of parents, adolescents (10-17 years), and 25 key informants. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. Thematic analysis was conducted with the aid of NVIVO 12 software.

RESULTS: Participants acknowledged the key role parents play in communicating SRH matters; however, only a few parents engage in such discussions. Facilitators of parent-adolescent communication were: having a good parent-child relationship which makes parents approachable and motivates children to discuss issues openly, a closer bond between mothers and children which is partly attributed to gender roles and expectations eases communication, and having parents with high education making them more knowledgeable and confident when discussing SRH issues with children. However, the discussions are limited by cultural norms that treat parent-child conversations on SRH as a taboo, parents’ lack of knowledge, and parents busy work schedules made them unavailable to address pertinent SRH issues.

CONCLUSION: Parents’ ability to communicate with their children is hindered by cultural barriers, busy work schedules, and a lack of knowledge. Engaging all stakeholders including parents to deconstruct sociocultural norms around adolescent SRH, developing the capacity of parents to confidently initiate and convey accurate SRH information, initiation of SRH discussions at early ages, and integrating parent-adolescent communication into parenting interventions, are potential strategies to improve SRH communication between parents and adolescents in high-risk settings such as borders.

PMID:37041536 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-023-15562-6

BMC Nurs. 2023 Apr 12;22(1):103. doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01253-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In an increasingly multicultural society, cultural competence and transcultural self-efficacy of public health nurses is important for providing culturally congruent care for client from diverse cultural background. To improv this, it is needed tailored and effective educational program based on the cultural competence educational needs. This study investigated the moderating effect of cultural competence educational needs on the relationship between transcultural self-efficacy and cultural competence.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited 217 public health nurses in Korea using convenience sampling from August 2018 to January 2019. A direct questionnaire was used to collect data. Study variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and the Hayes PROCESS macro (Model 1) moderation model.

RESULTS: The mean scores for transcultural self-efficacy, cultural competence educational needs, and cultural competence were 62.33 ± 11.08, 58.19 ± 15.08, and 97.96 ± 17.09, respectively. Transcultural self-efficacy and cultural competence educational needs were positively associated with cultural competence. In the tested model, cultural competence educational needs had a conditional moderating effect on the relationship between transcultural self-efficacy and cultural competence. The positive association between transcultural self-efficacy and cultural competence was significant at low, medium, and high levels of cultural competence educational needs and stronger for those with high needs.

CONCLUSIONS: Cultural competence educational needs may be an important determinant of cultural competence among public health nurses. To effectively increase cultural competence, transcultural self-efficacy should be increased by education programs tailored by cultural competence educational needs.

PMID:37041535 | DOI:10.1186/s12912-023-01253-5

BMC Med Imaging. 2023 Apr 11;23(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s12880-023-01006-5.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This paper analyzed the feasibility of reducing venous air emboli introduced during tube connection in computed tomography angiography (CTA) through a modified method of saline test injection.

METHODS: A total of 386 cases of patients undergoing coronary CTA examination were randomly arranged into a control group (199 patients underwent conventional saline injection before the CTA examination) and a case group (187 patients underwent modified saline injection before the CTA examination). The two groups were compared for the location (Fisher’s exact test), number (χ² test), and diameter (Mann-Whitney rank sum test) of the air emboli along the inflow direction of contrast agent within the scan.

RESULTS: The occurrence rate was 10.55% in the control group and 3.74% in the case group respectively, with a statistically different significance (P = 0.010). In the case group, there were 7 cases of small-grade venous air emboli. In the control group, there were 15 cases of small-grade venous air emboli and 6 cases of moderate-grade venous air emboli. No cases of large-grade venous air emboli were found in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of this modified method of saline test injection before CTA examination is able to effectively decrease the occurrence of venous air emboli introduced during tube connection, which has some certain practical significance.

PMID:37041532 | DOI:10.1186/s12880-023-01006-5

J Cardiothorac Surg. 2023 Apr 11;18(1):128. doi: 10.1186/s13019-023-02210-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Intercostal nerve block (ICNB) is a very effective analgesic method. We aimed to explore the effect of preemptive analgesia with ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block on postoperative analgesia in thoracoscopic surgery.

METHODS: 126 patients, aged 18-70 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II and scheduled for thoracoscopic pulmonary resection were enrolled in this study. 119 patients were left for final analysis. Patients were randomly allocated to group ICNB and group CONTROL. Patients in CONTROL group were administered sufentanil with patient-controlled analgesia device after operation In group ICNB, patients received ropivacaine ICNB prior to surgery and patient-controlled analgesia device after operation. The primary outcome is visual analog scale pain score (VAS) at rest at 0,4, 8,16,24,48,72 and 168 h postoperatively and they were compared. Surgical outcomes and rescue analgesia requirement were also recorded.

RESULTS: VAS scores were statistically significantly lower for ICNB group compared to control group at 0, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h postoperatively. The duration of insertion of chest tube in ICBN group was shorter than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (4.69 ± 2.14 vs. 5.67 ± 2.86, P = 0.036). The postoperative hospital stay, incidence of nausea and vomiting and postoperative pulmonary infection rate in ICBN group were all lower than those in the control group, but there were no statistical differences. The frequency of rescue analgesia during 48 postoperative hours was different between the two groups (ICNB vs. Control; 9.83% vs. 31.03%, P = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS: For patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery, ultrasound-guided ICNB is simple, safe, and effective for providing acute postoperative pain management during the early postoperative stage.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese clinical trials: chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1900021017. Registred on 25/01/2019.

PMID:37041525 | DOI:10.1186/s13019-023-02210-8

BMC Cancer. 2023 Apr 11;23(1):334. doi: 10.1186/s12885-023-10720-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Periampullary cancer is a term for cancers arising in or in close proximity to the pancreas. Pancreatic cancer is the 3^rd leading cause of cancer death for both sexes and while surgery is the only option for cure, chemotherapy is given in both the adjuvant and palliative settings. The aim of this study was to investigate any sex and gender differences in patients with pancreatic and other periampullary adenocarcinomas enrolled in a prospective, observational trial.

METHODS: The study cohort consists of the first 100 patients, 49 women and 51 men, enrolled in the Chemotherapy, Host Response and Molecular dynamics in Periampullary cancer (CHAMP) study, an ongoing study of patients undergoing neoadjuvant, adjuvant or first-line palliative chemotherapy treatment. Twenty-five patients had surgery with curative intent and subsequent adjuvant treatment, and 75 patients were treated with palliative chemotherapy. Data regarding health-related quality of life (HRQoL, EORTC-QLQ-C30) at baseline, demographic and clinicopathological factors were examined and stratification by treatment intention according to sex. Overall survival (OS) was calculated through Kaplan-Meier analysis.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between male and female patients treated with curative intent, with fewer women having undergone surgery (18 vs 7, p = 0.017), also after adjustment for age, tumor location and performance status. No statistical differences were found between the sexes regarding age, comorbidities, or clinicopathological factors. Before start of chemotherapy treatment, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was lower in female than in male patients. However, HRQoL was not associated with performance status in female patients, whereas in male patients several HRQoL indicators were significantly positively associated with poorer performance status at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS: This study shows no clear differences between the sexes regarding biological factors concluding that gender bias might be responsible for the discrepancy between men and women being offered curative surgery. The observed difference between women and men regarding the association between HRQoL and performance status is unprecedented. Altogether these findings underline the importance of taking gender into consideration when assessing eligibility for curative surgery in order to improve biological outcome and decrease suffering in both sexes.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03724994.

PMID:37041522 | DOI:10.1186/s12885-023-10720-w

Chemosphere. 2023 Apr 9;329:138640. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138640. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:37040672 | DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138640

J Pediatr Orthop B. 2023 Apr 11. doi: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000001086. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to compare the clinical and radiological results of patients who underwent plate-screw fixation and K-wire fixation in supracondylar femur fractures in the pediatric population. Patients aged 5-14 years suffering from supracondylar femoral fractures who underwent K-wire and plate-screw fixation were included in the study. Of all patients, follow-up period, age, fracture union time, gender, leg length discrepancy, and Knee Society Score (KSS) data were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups; fixation with plate (Group A) and fixation with K-wires (Group B). Forty-two patients participated in the study. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, and follow-up time (P > 0.05). When comparing the KSS results, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (P = 0.612). A statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups regarding union time (P = 0.01). When both groups were analyzed, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of functional results. Good results can be obtained in both plate-screw and K-wires in pediatric supracondylar femur fractures.

PMID:37040655 | DOI:10.1097/BPB.0000000000001086

J Phys Chem B. 2023 Apr 11. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00882. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Protein stability is important in many areas of life sciences. Thermal protein unfolding is investigated extensively with various spectroscopic techniques. The extraction of thermodynamic properties from these measurements requires the application of models. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is less common, but is unique as it measures directly a thermodynamic property, that is, the heat capacity C_p(T). The analysis of C_p(T) is usually performed with the chemical equilibrium two-state model. This is not necessary and leads to incorrect thermodynamic consequences. Here we demonstrate a straightforward model-independent evaluation of heat capacity experiments in terms of protein unfolding enthalpy ΔH(T), entropy ΔS(T), and free energy ΔG(T)). This now allows the comparison of the experimental thermodynamic data with the predictions of different models. We critically examined the standard chemical equilibrium two-state model, which predicts a positive free energy for the native protein, and diverges distinctly from the experimental temperature profiles. We propose two new models which are equally applicable to spectroscopy and calorimetry. The Θ_U(T)-weighted chemical equilibrium model and the statistical-mechanical two-state model provide excellent fits of the experimental data. They predict sigmoidal temperature profiles for enthalpy and entropy, and a trapezoidal temperature profile for the free energy. This is illustrated with experimental examples for heat and cold denaturation of lysozyme and β-lactoglobulin. We then show that the free energy is not a good criterion to judge protein stability. More useful parameters are discussed, including protein cooperativity. The new parameters are embedded in a well-defined thermodynamic context and are amenable to molecular dynamics calculations.

PMID:37040567 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00882

Am J Gastroenterol. 2023 Apr 11. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002288. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Several earlier studies have indicated an increased risk of cardiac birth defects among infants born to mothers with celiac disease (CeD). Through linking nationwide Swedish health-care registries we aimed to investigate maternal CeD and risk of any or cardiac birth defects in their offspring.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of infants born 2002-2016 to women with biopsy-proven CeD (villus atrophy, Marsh III) matched to infants born to non-celiac women from the general population. Conditional logistic regression with odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to determine the association between maternal CeD and birth defects. To minimize the impact of intrafamilial confounding we also compared infants born to mothers with CeD to infants born to their non-affected sisters.

RESULTS: A total of 6,990 infants were born to mothers with diagnosed CeD compared to 34,643 infants born to reference mothers. Any birth defect was seen in 234 (33 per 1,000 infants) and 1244 (36/1000) reference infants corresponding to an OR of 0.93 (95% CI 0.81-1.08). Cardiac birth defects were seen in 113 (16/1000) vs. 569 (16/1000) infants (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.80-1.20). Similar ORs for any and cardiac birth defects were also seen in sibling comparisons.

CONCLUSIONS: We found no statistically significant risk of any or cardiac birth defects in infants born to mothers with diagnosed CeD compared to the general population and to their non-affected sisters.

PMID:37040545 | DOI:10.14309/ajg.0000000000002288

Am J Gastroenterol. 2023 Apr 11. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002280. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder of gut-brain interaction, characterized by symptoms of abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. It often co-occurs with extra-intestinal somatic and psychological symptoms. However, the nature of the inter-relationships among these symptoms is unclear. Although prior studies have noted age differences in IBS prevalence and specific symptom severity, it remains unknown whether specific symptoms and symptom relationships may differ by age.

METHODS: Symptom data were collected in 355 adults with IBS (mean age 41.4 years, 86.2% female). Network analysis was used to examine the inter-relationships among 28 symptoms and to identify the core symptoms driving the symptom structure between young (≤ 45 years) versus older (> 45 years) adults with IBS. We evaluated three network properties between the two age groups: network structure, edge (connection) strength, and global strength.

RESULTS: In both age groups, fatigue was the top core symptom. Anxiety was a second core symptom in the younger but not the older age group. Intestinal gas and/or bloating symptoms also exerted considerable influences in both age groups. The overall symptom structure and connectivity were found to be similar regardless of age.

CONCLUSION: Network analysis suggests fatigue is a critical target for symptom management in adults with IBS, regardless of age. Comorbid anxiety is likely an important treatment focus for young adults with IBS. Rome V Criteria update could consider the importance of intestinal gas and bloating symptoms. Additional replication with larger diverse IBS cohorts is warranted to verify our results.

PMID:37040543 | DOI:10.14309/ajg.0000000000002280