Category: Statistics

Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2024 Jun 22;63:133-141. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.024. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The General Adaptation Syndrome and the supercompensation Model are concepts widely applied in exercise science. Considering that fat is essential for tissue and the main energy source during continuous moderate-intensity exercise (MICE), the hypothesis arises that this type of effort may pay off after a detraining period.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate how different exercise models, followed by a period of detraining, affected adipose tissue cellularity in adult rats. Two specific models were examined: moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an experimental study in which rats were allocated into three groups: i) Continuous moderate-intensity exercise (MICE); ii) High-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIT); and iii) Control group (GC). Data were collected in three moments, namely: baseline values (T1), after which the animals exercised on a treadmill for eight weeks (T2) and then were followed up for four weeks after interruption of physical exercise (T3). For statistical analysis, a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, with Tukey’s post-hoc for the group (GC, MICE, or HIIT) and Bonferroni’s for the moment (T1, T2 and T3).

RESULTS: Regarding the periepididymal mass, GC showed an increase of 45% in T3 compared to T2. The HIIT and MICE groups had lower T3 values when compared to the CG. Comparing groups relative to the delta variation between T2 and T3 showed a difference in periepididymal mass (p = 0.012), with HIIT showing lower values than CG (p = 0.009). Analysis of the number of periepididymal adipocytes showed that HIIT (p < 0.001) and GC (p = 0.003) captured smaller numbers of cells than MICE.

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our findings demonstrated positive effects of both interventions (HIIT and MICE) in the control of periepididymal adipose tissue mass of adult rats after 4 weeks of exercise interruption, with less mass gain in HIIT. More adipocytes were observed in MICE compared to HIIT and GC. These results suggest that both exercise models helped control fat accumulation, even after detraining.

PMID:38944827 | DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.024

Sci Med Footb. 2024 Jun 30:1-3. doi: 10.1080/24733938.2024.2374804. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This letter offers a constructive review of the article ‘Influence of the time-task constraint on ocular metrics of semi-elite soccer’ by Luis-del Campo et al. (2023), focusing on methodological considerations and avenues for future research enhancement. The study investigates the impact of task constraints on eye-tracking metrics among semi-elite soccer players, aiming to gauge mental workload during training sessions. While the study presents valuable insights, there are opportunities for methodological refinement. Suggestions include emphasizing sample size determination, randomization of the experimental conditions, and employing robust statistical analyses to mitigate potential biases. Moreover, future studies could benefit from integrating external load measures alongside heart rate monitoring to comprehensively assess training task variations. Despite these considerations, the study underscores the promising application of eye-tracking techniques in evaluating mental workload during soccer training, paving the way for further exploration and refinement of methodologies to enhance player performance assessment and training optimization in the field.

PMID:38944826 | DOI:10.1080/24733938.2024.2374804

Orv Hetil. 2024 Jun 30;165(26):1002-1009. doi: 10.1556/650.2024.33053. Print 2024 Jun 30.

ABSTRACT

Bevezetés: A kizárólagos enteralis táplálás az elsőként választandó indukciós kezelés gyermekkori, kis kockázatú, luminalis Crohn-betegségben. A Magyar Gyermekkori Gyulladásos Bélbetegség Regiszter adatai alapján ezt a terápiát egyre több centrumban alkalmazzák. Nemzetközi felmérések szerint a kizárólagos enteralis táplálás gyakorlati megvalósítása igen eltérő az egyes centrumokban. Célkitűzés: Vizsgálatunk célja a kizárólagos enteralis táplálás hazai gyakorlatának és az ezzel kapcsolatos nehézségeknek a felmérése volt. Módszer: Online kérdőív alkalmazásával mértük fel a kizárólagos enteralis táplálás gyakorlatát. A 26 kérdésből álló kérdőívet 34 gyermek-gasztroenterológusnak küldtük el. Eredmények: A kérdőívet 21-en (62%) töltötték ki, és a kitöltők minden kérdésre válaszoltak. A válaszadó kollégák több mint fele (57%) mindig kizárólagos enteralis táplálást javasol indukciós kezelésként frissen diagnosztizált Crohn-beteg gyermekeknek. A válaszolók 66,7%-a Crohn-betegek számára fejlesztett, speciális tápszert alkalmaz (66,7%), és többségük a tápszer mellett csak víz fogyasztását engedélyezi (61,9%). Néhányan jóváhagyják keménycukorka, rágógumi vagy tiszta folyadék fogyasztását. Negyedük alkalmaz szondatáplálást oralis intolerancia esetén. Relapsus esetén a megkérdezettek 50%-a javasol ismételten kizárólagos enteralis táplálást. A válaszadók 62%-át segíti dietetikus a munkája során. Következtetés: Összességében elmondható, hogy a hazai gyermek-gasztroenterológusok a nemzetközi gyakorlathoz hasonló arányban, az aktuális ajánlásokat követve alkalmazzák a kizárólagos enteralis táplálást Crohn-betegségben. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(26): 1002–1009.

PMID:38944825 | DOI:10.1556/650.2024.33053

HIV Res Clin Pract. 2024 Dec;25(1):2371174. doi: 10.1080/25787489.2024.2371174. Epub 2024 Jun 30.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Zimbabwe antenatal HIV prevalence rate is 16.1%. HIV-positive pregnant adolescent girls and young women (AYW) are at high risk to experience perinatal mental health challenges, attributed to a combination of factors including HIV status, stigma and perinatal depression. Perinatal depression and stigma among AYW is understudied in Zimbabwe and may affect short- and long-term health of HIV positive mothers and their children, and can impact treatment adherence.

METHODS: Qualitative data was gathered from four focus group discussions with (2 urban and 2 rural) PMTCT providers (N = 17). Focus group discussions were also conducted among AYW clients (N = 20) from two clinics in Mashonaland East.

RESULTS: Qualitative analyses identified patterns related to: (1) drop out and loss to follow up, (2) retention and adherence, (3) recurring feelings of internalized stigma; and (4) acceptability of potential MH interventions. MH services are not available and AYW have limited access to adherence counseling (1-2 times at onset). Psychological support was not available at either clinic, despite both providers and clients perceiving high rates of stigma, discrimination, and challenges with disclosure. Challenges related to long waits for ART distribution and gaps in disclosure support emerged as barriers. Providers noted that AYW present as anxious (non-diagnosed), and attribute depression to those clients who are lost to follow up, stating lack of time to screen for MH related issues or actively refer them for services. Challenges related to the ability to provide strong advice and support for disclosure also emerged among providers.

CONCLUSIONS: This study can contribute to policy and practice recommendations to better integrate MH into HIV services and develop person-centered service models for HIV positive AYW. HIGHLIGHTSPerinatal adolescents and young women (AYW) living with HIV have gaps in retention and care in the current Zimbabwe PMTCT service model.Mental health stigma must be addressed to integrate mental health into HIV services.HIV providers are aware of the need to provide mental health support to reduce loss to follow-up.Mental health screening and referrals for services are not part of standard care for perinatal HIV positive AYW in Zimbabwe.Linkages between disclosure and AYW mental health was identified as a challenge by HIV providers.Context responsive interventions can support integration of mental health screening, services, and referrals.

PMID:38944816 | DOI:10.1080/25787489.2024.2371174

Cytotherapy. 2024 Jun 6:S1465-3249(24)00733-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.05.025. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Natural killer (NK) cells make only a small fraction of immune cells in the human body, however, play a pivotal role in the fight against cancer by the immune system. They are capable of eliminating abnormal cells via several direct or indirect cytotoxicity pathways in a self-regulating manner, which makes them a favorable choice as a cellular therapy against cancer. Additionally, allogeneic NK cells, unlike other lymphocytes, do not or only minimally cause graft-versus-host diseases opening the door for an off-the-shelf therapy. However, to date, the production of NK cells faces several difficulties, especially because the critical process parameters (CPPs) influencing the critical quality attributes (CQAs) are difficult to identify or correlate. There are numerous different cultivation platforms available, all with own characteristics, benefits and disadvantages that add further difficulty to define CPPs and relate them to CQAs. Our goal in this contribution was to summarize the current knowledge about NK cell expansion CPPs and CQAs, therefore we analyzed the available literature of both dynamic and static culture format experiments in a systematic manner. We present a list of the identified CQAs and CPPs and discuss the role of each CPP in the regulation of the CQAs. Furthermore, we could identify potential relationships between certain CPPs and CQAs. The findings based on this systematic literature research can be the foundation for meaningful experiments leading to better process understanding and eventually control.

PMID:38944794 | DOI:10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.05.025

J Perianesth Nurs. 2024 Jun 28:S1089-9472(24)00057-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2024.02.011. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This project aimed to implement a continuous capnography protocol in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) for postoperative adult patients who are at high risk for respiratory failure.

DESIGN: A preintervention and postintervention quality improvement design with retrospective chart reviews evaluated patient demographics (age, weight, body mass index [BMI], perioperative fluid intake and output, use of intraoperative positive-end expiratory pressure), length of surgery, average length of PACU stay, incidence of respiratory events, and adherence to a PACU capnography protocol.

METHODS: Preimplementation data were collected from retrospective chart reviews over a 3-month period. A continuous capnography protocol was implemented for same-day surgery patients with a BMI of 35 kg/m² or greater and who received general anesthesia. Postimplementation data were collected over 3 months in addition to adherence to the capnography protocol. This was presented using descriptive statistics.

FINDINGS: Age, length of surgery, weight, BMI, perioperative fluid intake and output, and use of positive-end expiratory pressure did not impact PACU length of stay. The average PACU length of stay decreased from 76.76 to 71.82 minutes postimplementation but was not statistically significant (P = .470). The incidence of respiratory events was 6% (n = 3). After the implementation of the continuous capnography protocol, adherence to the continuous capnography monitoring was 86% (n = 43).

CONCLUSIONS: Patients who are at high risk for postoperative respiratory failure may benefit from continuous capnography monitoring in the PACU. Capnography monitoring may decrease PACU length of stay and provide earlier detection of pending respiratory depression or failure than pulse oximetry alone.

PMID:38944792 | DOI:10.1016/j.jopan.2024.02.011

J Emerg Nurs. 2024 Jun 28:S0099-1767(24)00134-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2024.05.005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

It is impossible to fully understand why the United States has consistently failed to protect its citizens from firearm violence until one understands some of the key discrepancies that exist at the center of the firearm policy debate. Differences in language, data categorization, and research related to firearms and their impacts in the United States contribute to confusion and debate between firearm policy advocates and opponents, ultimately stalling progress toward some common goals. As frontline health professionals, emergency nurses must be aware of these nuances in order to be informed advocates for the safety of their patients and their communities. Emergency nurses can use the information from this article to help inform screening and education related to firearm safety and injury prevention. They can also use this information to inform nursing research as well as local and national advocacy efforts related to firearm injuries and deaths.

PMID:38944789 | DOI:10.1016/j.jen.2024.05.005

Adv Gerontol. 2024;37(1-2):122-129.

ABSTRACT

Understanding the recovery process of functional abilities post-COVID-19 in older inpatients with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease is important for optimising healthcare delivery and resources. Participants in this study were individuals undergoing hospital-based rehabilitation following COVID-19 (average age 66, n=183). They were categorised into groups with arterial hypertension (n=92), ischemic heart disease (n=18), both conditions (n=38), and a control group without these diseases (n=35). Functional abilities were assessed via the distance walked until signs of exhaustion (meters), handgrip strength (kilograms), and breath-holding time (seconds). Multiple regression analysis revealed that inpatients with arterial hypertension walked shorter distances (β=-19,183; p=0,050) but showed higher handgrip strength (β=3,735; p=0,025) compared to the control group. Post-rehabilitation, inpatients with hypertension demonstrated greater performance (β=40,435, p=0,024) and better improvement rates (β=47,337; p=0,016) in walked distance than those in the control group. Significant interaction effects between groups and pre-/post-rehabilitation changes were observed only for walking distance (β=34,74; p=0,02), with no significant interactions found for other measures. The findings indicate that older inpatients with arterial hypertension may experience comparable or enhanced recovery of functional abilities post-COVID-19. The presence of ischemic heart disease, alone or combined with hypertension, does not significantly impair rehabilitation outcomes compared to those without such conditions.

PMID:38944782

Adv Gerontol. 2024;37(1-2):80-86.

ABSTRACT

One of the most difficult tasks in medical practice is pharmacotherapy in elderly and senile patients. The complexity of pharmacotherapy in elderly patients is due to age-related physiological changes, high frequency of multimorbidity. The age of patients no longer precludes surgical intervention, and surgical procedures are often performed on elderly patients with complex comorbidities. Over the past 15 years, the number of emergency hospitalizations has increased significantly worldwide.

PMID:38944777

Adv Gerontol. 2024;37(1-2):46-49.

ABSTRACT

It is widely known that in economically developed countries there is an increase in the proportion of older people. However, the problem of the influence of territorial features of economic development on the rate of population aging is not sufficiently covered. The goal was to study the impact of economic development indicators (EDI) on the processes of premature aging of the population. The materials were statistical collections of the Ministry of Health of Russia and Russian Statistics Service for 2011-2019. The highest incidence was characteristic of cataracts and glaucoma. A direct correlation has been established between the EDI and the age-specific incidence index (ASII) of cataracts (r=0,31; p=0,00436). A group of regions with a high level of economic development was characterized by a higher value of ASII, which, as a rule, corresponds to the later development of the disease.

PMID:38944772