Category: Statistics

Salud Publica Mex. 2025 May 30;67(3 (may-jun)):259-268. doi: 10.21149/16060.

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estimar el porcentaje de población mexicana escolar, adolescente y adulta con cumplimiento a las Guías Alimentarias Saludables y Sostenibles (GASS) e identificar las características sociodemográficas asociadas. Material y métodos. Con información de 2 500 escolares, 1 750 adolescentes y 5 174 adultos proveniente del cuestionario semicuantitativo de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de 2020 a 2023 se estimó el consumo de porciones de grupos de alimentos y el porcentaje de población que cumplió con la recomendación de frutas, verduras, leguminosas, nueces y semillas, y carne, por grupo de edad. Se realizaron modelos de regresión logística múltiple para identificar características sociodemográficas asociadas con el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones.

RESULTADOS: El cumplimiento de verduras fue <30%; nueces y semillas 2-4%; carne de res >50%; leguminosas <1.4% y para frutas 45% en escolares, 36% en adultos y 27% en adolescentes. Las características asociadas al cumplimiento de las recomendaciones fueron el índice de condición de bienestar, sexo, localidad de residencia, escolaridad y edad, comportándose diferente entre grupos de edad y grupos de alimentos analizados. Conclusión. El cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de las GASS es muy bajo, por lo que es necesaria la participación intersectorial para promoverlas.

PMID:41150934 | DOI:10.21149/16060

Salud Publica Mex. 2025 May 30;67(3 (may-jun)):276-281. doi: 10.21149/16293.

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estimar tendencias de uso exclusivo de tabaco combustible, cigarro electrónico y uso dual en población mexicana entre 2018 y 2023. Material y métodos. Se utilizó información de las Ensanut 2018 a 2023 para estimar tendencias de uso exclusivo de tabaco combustible, cigarro electrónico y uso dual en población de 15 años o más.

RESULTADOS: Entre 2018 y 2023, el uso exclusivo de tabaco combustible en mujeres aumentó de 8.4 a 10%. En el grupo de 15 a 19 años, el uso exclusivo de tabaco combustible disminuyó de 9.8 a 5%, mientras que el uso exclusivo de cigarro electrónico aumentó de 1.3 a 6.6%. El uso dual por sexo y grupos de edad permaneció sin cambios.

CONCLUSIONES: El uso de tabaco combustible y cigarro electrónico ha cambiado de manera diferencial entre grupos vulnerables: adolescentes y mujeres. Es urgente cumplir de manera integral con el Convenio Marco para el Control del Tabaco (CMCT) con el fin de contrarrestar la interferencia de la industria.

PMID:41150932 | DOI:10.21149/16293

Salud Publica Mex. 2025 May 30;67(3 (may-jun)):248-258. doi: 10.21149/16479.

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la asociación entre trayectorias de asistencia a Guarderías del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (GIMSS) durante 2006-2010 y la Evaluación Nacional del Logro Académico en Centros Escolares (ENLACE) entre 2009-2013. Material y métodos. Se identificaron 84 668 niñas y niños que asistieron a GIMSS durante diferentes intervalos de tiempo y con resultados de ENLACE en tercero de primaria. Como comparación se seleccionaron participantes de la prueba ENLACE de la misma escuela, turno y año de aplicación que no asistieron a GIMSS (n=84 616). Las trayectorias de asistencia a GIMSS se hicieron con KmL (k-means+) considerando los días de asistencia; la categoría de referencia fue “no asistencia al IMSS”. Para la asociación entre trayectorias de asistencia y la ENLACE se utilizaron modelos de regresión lineal condicionales independientes.

RESULTADOS: Se identificaron tres trayectorias de asistencia: baja (41.02%), media (30.50%) y alta (28.48%). Las infancias con trayectoria de asistencia alta presentaron un incremento de 2.87 puntos (IC95%: 1.25, 4.50; p<0.001) en español y de 4.15 puntos (IC95%: 2.16, 6.15; p<0.001) en matemáticas comparadas con aquéllas sin asistencia a GIMSS. Conclusión. La asistencia a GIMSS parece conferir ventajas en el logro académico posterior y disminución de rezago académico cuando la asistencia es constante; la permanencia en guarderías debe fomentarse.

PMID:41150927 | DOI:10.21149/16479

Salud Publica Mex. 2025 May 30;67(3 (may-jun)):227-238. doi: 10.21149/16507.

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estimar la cobertura de mastografía en México y analizar las características sociodemográficas y espaciales asociadas con su realización. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal. Se analizó la cobertura de mastografía en mujeres de 40 a 69 años utilizando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018, 2021 y 2022. Se analizó la asociación de características sociodemográficas (edad, estado civil, escolaridad, lengua indígena, área de residencia, grado de marginación, presencia de Unidades de Especialidades Médicas en lugar de residencia) y espaciales (distancia euclidiana) a través de un análisis multinivel.

RESULTADOS: La muestra analítica estuvo conformada por 11 227 mujeres (2018); 4 177 (2021) y 3 659 (2022). La cobertura de mastografía en el año previo disminuyó de 27.46% en 2018 a 16.03% en 2021, con un incremento a 20.14% en 2022. La cobertura fue mayor en áreas urbanas y entidades con bajo grado de marginación. Mujeres mayores de 50 años, con mayor escolaridad, unidas o casadas, que no hablan lengua indígena y que tienen una unidad médica con mastógrafo a menos de 5 km de distancia tuvieron mayores posibilidades de haberse realizado la mastografía en el último año.

CONCLUSIONES: Los hallazgos evidencian desigualdades en el acceso a la mastografía, influenciadas por factores sociodemográficos individuales y del contexto. Es importante fortalecer y focalizar estrategias que permitan mejorar la cobertura.

PMID:41150926 | DOI:10.21149/16507

Salud Publica Mex. 2025 May 30;67(3 (may-jun)):282-286. doi: 10.21149/16555.

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estimar la seroprotección contra tétanos en la población mexicana para 2022 y como un marcador indirecto de cobertura de la vacuna hexavalente en niños de 1 a 3 años. Material y métodos. Se utilizó una muestra de sangre capilar en papel filtro de 8 487 individuos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) Continua 2022. Se estimó el nivel de seroprotección contra tétanos mediante ELISA.

RESULTADOS: A nivel nacional, 88.6% de las personas presentó al menos seroprotección mínima, pero sólo 73.3% tuvo seroprotección suficiente. Los adolescentes (55.5%), adultos de 60+ años (60.9%) y niños de 1-3 años (68.6%) presentaron la menor seroprotección suficiente. Conclusión. La seroprotección fue ligeramente menor al 90% que recomienda la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Es importante reforzar la vacunación con hexavalente en niños de 1-3 años sin seroprotección, además, aplicar refuerzos a adolescentes y adultos mayores.

PMID:41150925 | DOI:10.21149/16555

Plant Dis. 2025 Oct 28. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-07-25-1563-RE. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi is the causal agent of brown rot, one of the main diseases of chestnuts that is threatening the sustainability of the global market. Michigan is the leading producer of commercial chestnuts in the United States. After the first isolation of G. smithogilvyi in 2016, chestnut brown rot was identified in 80% of Michigan orchards. The pathogen infects the flowers in the field, with symptoms affecting nut quality at harvest time and during storage. For this reason, fungicide treatments are crucial to prevent infection in the flowers and later in the kernels. This study aims to compare the in vitro efficacy of fifteen different chemical and biologically based fungicides against G. smithogilvyi. The fungicide potential of each product was evaluated for mycelial radial growth and conidial germination by calculating the EC₅₀. FRAC (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee) group 3 fungicides showed the best fungicide activity for both mycelial growth and conidial germination. However, biologically-based fungicides containing Bacillus spp. had no significant differences from FRAC 3, 7, and 11 fungicides. Phosphonates had a statistically lower fungicide activity on conidial germination compared to FRAC 3, 7, 11 and BM02, but same activity against mycelial radial growth. Further investigations should be done to evaluate the potential efficacy of these products in the orchard, considering that there is not always a correlation between in vitro and in planta activity. Our findings will help chestnut growers select chemical and biologically-based fungicides to complement their field practices for chestnut brown rot control, encouraging the rotation between different active ingredients.

PMID:41150912 | DOI:10.1094/PDIS-07-25-1563-RE

Plant Dis. 2025 Oct 28. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-07-25-1379-RE. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Citrus greening disease, also known as huanglongbing (HLB), is the most serious vector-borne bacterial disease of citrus worldwide and an emblematic case of perennial crop decline due to insect vector-borne disease. There is an immediate global need to provide the citrus industry with relief from HLB and a return to profitable citrus production. Discovery of HLB treatments typically involve various laboratory-based assays, which then advance to greenhouse and eventually field testing in a workflow that takes multiple years. We present a field-forward experimental framework, “Grove-First”, that reverses the traditional laboratory-to-field pipeline by prioritizing outcome-based screening. Grove-First rapidly screens and validates treatments with regulatory-friendly profiles in commercial citrus groves using trunk injection to select treatments that improve tree health and fruit yield over the course of a single growing season. The Grove-First framework represents a generalizable systems approach for translational agricultural research, applicable to perennial crops where disease impact, long development timelines, and real-world variability demand in-field, outcome-based screening. Using this framework, we identified candidate treatments with effects comparable to or better than the standard oxytetracycline (OTC) on visual tree-health and/or yield indices in an initial screen of HLB-positive 8-year-old Valencia sweet orange trees. Expanded trials in commercial citrus groves allowed us to validate the initial screening results at other locations and in other citrus varieties. Grove-First rapidly accelerated the identification and large-scale field testing of HLB therapies, some of which are available for growers to use immediately and others that require further field testing and/or regulatory actions.

PMID:41150910 | DOI:10.1094/PDIS-07-25-1379-RE

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2025 Oct 28;13:e65149. doi: 10.2196/65149.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Accessible mental health support is essential for military members (MMs), veterans, and public safety personnel (PSP) who are at an increased risk of mental health challenges. Unique barriers to care, however, often leave these populations going untreated. Mental health treatment delivered via apps or websites (ie, digital mental health interventions [DMHIs]) offers an accessible alternative to in-person therapy.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to synthesize the current literature on apps and web-based programs focused on enhancing MMs’, PSPs’, and veterans’ resilience or well-being. A multidimensional well-being model, I-COPPE (interpersonal, community, occupational, physical, psychological, economic, and overall well-being), was used as a framework guiding the scoping review.

METHODS: A search of 6 databases was conducted using key terms related to (1) population, (2) resilience and well-being constructs, and (3) web- or mobile-based programs. At all levels of screening, at least 2 researchers (RRA, MAM, and CA) reviewed each paper independently. Data were extracted and recorded to include relevant study characteristics including program name and description, target population, number of participants, therapeutic approach, results, limitations, and I-COPPE dimension supported. A narrative synthesis was performed to summarize the eligible studies.

RESULTS: In total, 44 papers were included in the study and 39 unique resilience or well-being apps or web-based programs identified for MMs, PSP, or veterans. The programs largely focused on veteran populations (28/44, 64%). In total, 51% (20/39) of programs relied on cognitive behavioral approaches and most aimed to support posttraumatic stress disorder-related symptoms. In consideration of the I-COPPE model, a majority supported psychological well-being, followed by interpersonal and physical well-being. Most apps were believed to support more than 1 domain of well-being. The main methodologies used in the literature to evaluate digital mental health interventions include randomized controlled trials, secondary analyses, and pilot randomized controlled trials with evaluations of feasibility, acceptability, satisfaction, or qualitative feedback. Generalizability of findings was commonly limited by attrition rates and small sample sizes.

CONCLUSIONS: DMHIs for MMs, PSP, and veterans appear promising due to their accessibility and scalability. More research is needed, however, to determine whether DMHIs are an effective alternative to in-person mental health care. The current review contributes to the literature by compiling evidence of DMHIs and the domains of well-being supported by, and the therapeutic orientation of, these programs. Our review revealed that more research is needed to determine the effectiveness and efficacy of DMHIs offered to these populations.

PMID:41150871 | DOI:10.2196/65149

Int J Soc Determinants Health Health Serv. 2025 Oct 28:27551938251385864. doi: 10.1177/27551938251385864. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The U.N. Sustainable Development Goals highlighted the importance of good health and healthy well-being (SDG 3). Child health is very important for achieving SDG 3; maintaining proper child health is essential for a developing country like India. Against this backdrop, assessing child health across various states is crucial. Thus, the study developed the composite child health index (CHI) using a novel technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS)-based, factor analytic multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach. The index was developed using secondary data compiled from the National Family Health Survey from 2015 to 2020 using 35 child health indicators. Hierarchical and K-means were applied to categorize the various states and union territories based on their CHI values. This analysis reveals significant differences in child health outcomes across Indian states, with two states achieving higher levels and 25 states facing lower levels of child health. Among the states, Nagaland tops the list (CHI = 0.57441), indicating better child health conditions, followed by Odisha (CHI = 0.54384). The states with the lowest scores, Andhra Pradesh (CHI = 0.08406) and Manipur (CHI = 0.1065), have more significant challenges in child health. Thus, there is a need for targeted interventions in the most affected areas.

PMID:41148205 | DOI:10.1177/27551938251385864

Age Ageing. 2025 Aug 29;54(10):afaf316. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afaf316.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Among various tools developed for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) detection, analysing speech features is a non-invasive and cost-effective approach that shows promise for early detection. This review aimed to systematically synthesise and analyse current evidence on the diagnostic utility of speech-based biomarkers for identifying MCI.

METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Ovid Medline and PsycINFO databases were searched up to April 2025 without restrictions on language, article status or year.

RESULTS: Of 4432 identified records, 54 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. Fixed-effects meta-analyses showed pooled estimates of 80.0% ‘accuracy’ [95% confidence intervals (CI): 70.0%-89.0%, P < .001, n = 21], 78.0% ‘area under the curve’ (95% CI: 70.0%-86.0%, P < .001, n = 21), 80.0% ‘sensitivity’ (95% CI: 71.0%-90.0%, P < .001, n = 22), and 77.0% ‘specificity’ (95% CI: 65.0%-89.0%, P < .001, n = 15) in differentiating MCI from cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. Egger’s regression tests indicated no publication bias (P ≥ .299), and the I2 statistic revealed no heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 0.00%, P = 1.00). Four studies also included a subjective cognitive decline group, reporting significant differences in certain speech features compared to CU.

CONCLUSIONS: Speech analysis demonstrates moderate classification performance, with balanced sensitivity and specificity, in distinguishing MCI from CU, suggesting its potential as an accurate and cost-effective diagnostic tool for MCI detection. Further research is needed to address variations in study methodologies, refine speech analysis protocols and validate findings in diverse populations to enhance generalisability.

PMID:41148189 | DOI:10.1093/ageing/afaf316