Category: Statistics

Cir Cir. 2024;92(1):3-9. doi: 10.24875/CIRU.23000057.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with 30-day hospital readmissions after a cholecystectomy.

METHODS: We conducted a case-control study, with data obtained from UC-Christus from Santiago, Chile. All patients who underwent a cholecystectomy between January 2015 and December 2019 were included in the study. We identified all patients readmitted after a cholecystectomy and compared them with a randomized control group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors.

RESULTS: Of the 4866 cholecystectomies performed between 2015 and 2019, 79 patients presented 30-day hospital readmission after the surgical procedure (1.6%). We identified as risk factors for readmission in the univariate analysis the presence of a solid tumor at the moment of cholecystectomy (OR = 7.58), high pre-operative direct bilirubin (OR = 2.52), high pre-operative alkaline phosphatase (OR = 3.25), emergency admission (OR = 2.04), choledocholithiasis on admission (OR = 4.34), additional surgical procedure during the cholecystectomy (OR = 4.12), and post-operative complications. In the multivariate analysis, the performance of an additional surgical procedure during cholecystectomy was statistically significant (OR = 4.24).

CONCLUSION: Performing an additional surgical procedure during cholecystectomy was identified as a risk factor associated with 30-day hospital readmission.

PMID:38537233 | DOI:10.24875/CIRU.23000057

Health Educ Res. 2024 Mar 27:cyae013. doi: 10.1093/her/cyae013. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

US Latine adults who prefer the Spanish language for healthcare encounter communication have high risk of health disparitiesm in part from low organizational health literacy, mental health stigma and discrimination. Latine organizational health literacy includes the provision of culturally responsive, language concordant health information, which supports good comprehension and could mitigate some health disparities. We conducted a pilot study to assess commonly provided patient health information handouts about depression treatment and antidepressant consumer medication information sheets. Thirty Latine adults with a Spanish language preference and a history of depression and antidepressant use participated in one phone interview. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to assess comprehension and usefulness of selected sections extracted verbatim from these documents. Overall, 83% (n = 25) participants reported that all sections were easy to understand and 97% (n = 29) said that they were useful. Yet, responses to open-ended questions for 53% (n = 16) of revealed ‘confusing’ terminology in at least one section, and 10% (n = 3) expressed concerns about or misunderstood an idiomatic phrase as reinforcing stigma. The organizational health literacy-based issues identified in this and previous studies require that government and health service organizations make necessary and timely revisions to address them.

PMID:38537222 | DOI:10.1093/her/cyae013

Percept Mot Skills. 2024 Mar 27:315125241240891. doi: 10.1177/00315125241240891. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

There is a pressing need for ecologically valid versions of traditional neuropsychological tests indexing executive function (EF), such as the Trail-Making Task (TMT), that incorporate movement and bodily awareness in healthy participants with varying abilities. We designed a proprioceptive version of the TMT (pTMT) that involved coordinated gross motor movement and proprioceptive awareness to investigate whether this measure of visual attention, task switching, and working memory positively correlated with a computerized version of the TMT (the dTMT). We aimed to establish the initial validity of our proprioceptive TMT (pTMT) by comparing performances on the dTMT and pTMT among a cohort of 36 healthy participants (18 dancers, 18 non-dancers; M age = 22, SD = 5.27; 64% female) anticipating that dancers would express higher intrinsic bodily awareness than non-dancers. Results revealed a mild to moderate but statistically significant positive correlation between dTMT and pTMT completion times [part A: r (36) = .33, p = .04; part B: r (36) = .37, p = .03] and numbers of errors [part B: r (36) = .41, p = .01] across both participant groups. These data suggest partial measurement convergence between these two TMT versions. Relative to non-dancers, dancers exhibited a higher level of performance (likely due to their better proprioceptive ability) through their faster completion times on dTMT-B [t (34) = 3.81, p = .006, d = 1.27] and pTMT-B [t (34) = 2.97, p = .005, d = .99], and their fewer errors on dTMT-B [t (34) = 2.93, p = .006, d = 1.0]. By identifying cognitive differences between these different groups of healthy individuals, our data contribute to both a theoretical understanding and the initial development of gross motor movement-based cognitive assessments, providing a path toward the further refinement of an ecologically valid full-body TMT.

PMID:38537176 | DOI:10.1177/00315125241240891

Am J Public Health. 2024 Mar;114(S3):S236-S237. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307637.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:38537171 | DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2024.307637

Am J Public Health. 2024 Mar;114(S3):S239-S241. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307635.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:38537167 | DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2024.307635

J Clin Oncol. 2024 Mar 27:JCO2301500. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.01500. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare giredestrant and physician’s choice of endocrine monotherapy (PCET) for estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative, advanced breast cancer (BC) in the phase II acelERA BC study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04576455).

METHODS: Post-/pre-/perimenopausal women, or men, age 18 years or older with measurable disease/evaluable bone lesions, whose disease progressed after 1-2 lines of systemic therapy (≤1 targeted, ≤1 chemotherapy regimen, prior fulvestrant allowed) were randomly assigned 1:1 to giredestrant (30 mg oral once daily) or fulvestrant/aromatase inhibitor per local guidelines (+luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist in pre-/perimenopausal women, and men) until disease progression/unacceptable toxicity. Stratification was by visceral versus nonvisceral disease, prior cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, and prior fulvestrant. The primary end point was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (INV-PFS).

RESULTS: At clinical cutoff (February 18, 2022; median follow-up: 7.9 months; N = 303), the INV-PFS hazard ratio (HR) was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.60 to 1.10; P = .1757). In the prespecified secondary end point analysis of INV-PFS by ESR1 mutation (m) status in circulating tumor DNA-evaluable patients (n = 232), the HR in patients with a detectable ESR1m (n = 90) was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.35 to 1.03) versus 0.88 (95% CI, 0.54 to 1.42) in patients with no ESR1m detected (n = 142). Related grade 3-4 adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and discontinuations due to AEs were balanced across arms.

CONCLUSION: Although the acelERA BC study did not reach statistical significance for its primary INV-PFS end point, there was a consistent treatment effect with giredestrant across most key subgroups and a trend toward favorable benefit among patients with ESR1-mutated tumors. Giredestrant was well tolerated, with a safety profile comparable to PCET and consistent with known endocrine therapy risks. Overall, these data support the continued investigation of giredestrant in other studies.

PMID:38537155 | DOI:10.1200/JCO.23.01500

Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2024 Feb 28;19(1):nsae019. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsae019.

ABSTRACT

The cerebellum causally supports social processing by generating internal models of social events based on statistical learning of behavioral regularities. However, whether the cerebellum is only involved in forming or also in using internal models for the prediction of forthcoming actions is still unclear. We used cerebellar transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (ctDCS) to modulate the performance of healthy adults in using previously learned expectations in an action prediction task. In a first learning phase of this task, participants were exposed to different levels of associations between specific actions and contextual elements, to induce the formation of either strongly or moderately informative expectations. In a following testing phase, which assessed the use of these expectations for predicting ambiguous (i.e. temporally occluded) actions, we delivered ctDCS. Results showed that anodic, compared to sham, ctDCS boosted the prediction of actions embedded in moderately, but not strongly, informative contexts. Since ctDCS was delivered during the testing phase, that is after expectations were established, our findings suggest that the cerebellum is causally involved in using internal models (and not just in generating them). This encourages the exploration of the clinical effects of ctDCS to compensate poor use of predictive internal models for social perception.

PMID:38537123 | DOI:10.1093/scan/nsae019

J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2024 Apr 1:1-8. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20240322-02. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze the relationship between self-efficacy in protecting against substance use and loneliness in adolescents.

METHOD: This descriptive, cross-sectional study comprised 400 adolescents. A Sociodemographic Data Form, Self-Efficacy for Adolescents Protecting Against Substance Abuse Scale (SEAPSAS), and Short-Form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) were used for data collection. Regression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis, as well as descriptive statistics, were used in data analysis.

RESULTS: Mean ULS-8 total score was 17.94 (SD = 5.07) and mean SEAPSAS total score was 68.78 (SD = 17.59). A weak significant negative relationship was found between mean ULS-8 total score and mean SEAPSAS subdimensions and total score. As a result of regression analysis, it was determined that ULS-8 total score negatively affected mean SEAPSAS total score by 24.9% (R² = 0.249; B = -1.713; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Loneliness in adolescents, which was observed to negatively impact self-efficacy in protecting against substance use, should be addressed by psychiatric nurses through prevention activities and support programs and services, such as early detection and intervention. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].

PMID:38537106 | DOI:10.3928/02793695-20240322-02

AIDS. 2024 Mar 27. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003894. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: With aging, people living with HIV (PLWH) have diminishing postural stability that increases liability for falls. Factors and neuromechanisms contributing to instability are incompletely known. Brain white matter abnormalities seen as hyperintense (WMH) signals have been considered to underlie instability in normal aging and PLWH. We questioned whether sway-WMH relations endured after accounting for potentially relevant demographic, physiological, and HIV-related variables.

DESIGN: Mixed cross-sectional/longitudinal data acquired over 15 years in 141 PLWH and 102 age-range matched controls, 25-80 years old.

METHODS: Multimodal structural MRI data were quantified for 7 total and regional WMH volumes. Static posturography acquired with a force platform measured sway path length separately with eyes closed and eyes open. Statistical analyses used multiple regression with mixed modeling to test contributions from non-MRI and non-path data on sway path-WMH relations.

RESULTS: In simple correlations, longer sway paths were associated with larger WMH volumes in PWLH and controls. When demographic, physiological, and HIV-related variables were entered into multiple regressions, the sway-WMH relations under both vision conditions in the controls were attenuated when accounting for age and 2-point pedal discrimination. Although the sway-WMH relations in PLWH were influenced by age, 2-point pedal discrimination, and years with HIV infection, the sway-WMH relations endured for 5 of the 7 regions in the eyes-open condition.

CONCLUSIONS: The constellation of age-related increasing instability while standing, degradation of brain white matter integrity, and peripheral pedal neuropathy is indicative of advancing fraility and liability for falls as people age with HIV infection.

PMID:38537080 | DOI:10.1097/QAD.0000000000003894

Int J Surg. 2024 Apr 3. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000001404. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Gastrectomy for gastric cancer is associated with postoperative changes in cardiovascular risk factors, however, the impact of gastrectomy on cardiovascular events remains unclear. We assessed the incidence of cardiovascular events between patients undergoing gastrectomy or endoscopic resection for gastric cancer, and the general population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective nationwide cohort study included patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy(n=37,698), endoscopic resection(n=2,773), and matched control population(n=161,887) between 2004 and 2013. We included patients without a history of cancer other than gastric cancer, myocardial infarction, or ischemic stroke. The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) such as acute myocardial infarction, revascularization, or acute ischemic stroke, in patients with gastric cancer.

RESULTS: Among patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer, 2.9% (4.69 per 1000 person-years) developed novel MACE within the seven-year follow-up period. The gastrectomy group demonstrated a significantly decreased risk for MACE than the control population (hazard ratio[HR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval[CI], 0.61-0.69; P<0.001). Among the patients undergoing endoscopic resection for gastric cancer, 5.4% (8.21 per 1000 person-years) developed novel MACE within the seven-year follow-up period. The risk for MACE in the endoscopic resection group was not significantly different from the control population.

CONCLUSION: Patients with gastric cancer who have undergone gastrectomy exhibit a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases in comparison to the general population. In contrast, the risk for cardiovascular diseases in patients with gastric cancer who underwent endoscopic resection did not demonstrate a significant difference in cardiovascular risk in comparison to the general population.

PMID:38537066 | DOI:10.1097/JS9.0000000000001404