Category: Statistics

Eur Oral Res. 2023 May 4;57(2):103-107. doi: 10.26650/eor.20231152488.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effect of beverages at different temperatures on the coloring of composites.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 48 cylindrical samples, 24 of which were prepared from 2 composite materials (G’aenial; Estelite Σ Quick), were included in the study. The sample dimensions were standardized at 2 x 10 mm2. After the polishing, the initial color measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer. The samples were divided into 3 subgroups as distilled water, hot coffee (60 °C) and cold coffee (0 °C) (n=8). During the 7th and 30th days, the samples were immersed in the solutions for 15 min every day. Color measurements were repeated on the 7th and 30th days. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey post-hoc test (p<0.05).

RESULTS: The highest color change was detected on the 7th and 30th days in the G-aenial anterior microhybrid composite immersed in hot coffee (p<0.001). The application of hot and cold coffee applications did not make a statistically significant difference in the coloration of the Estelite Σ Quick composite samples at the end of the 7th (p=0.346) and 30th (p=910) days.

CONCLUSION: Hot drinks had a more coloring effect on restorations. This coloration was quite evident in the microhybrid composite.

PMID:37525856 | PMC:PMC10387140 | DOI:10.26650/eor.20231152488

Eur Oral Res. 2023 May 4;57(2):75-82. doi: 10.26650/eor.20231134537.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The present study aims to assess the effect of sports on the dental maturity using two different dental age assessment methods and to determine whether there is a significant correlation between dental maturity and body mass index.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and thirty-eight students from Sports High School (study group) and 126 from Fine Arts High School (control group) with standard panoramic radiographs were included in the study. Dental age was assessed using Nolla’s and Haavikko’s methods. Demographic information regarding the weekly training hours and sports age of the study group participants was gathered. Body mass index values of all participants were calculated. Factorial analysis of variance and Tukey’s test were performed and the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated.

RESULTS: The mean age of the students was 15.93 ± 1.13 years for the study group and 15.99 ± 1.09 years for the control group. Mean dental age values were lower than the mean chronological age values in both high schools. The difference between the dental and chronological ages was insignificant in Sports High School (p > 0.05). Differences in the body mass index between high schools and genders were statistically significant (p<0.05). Significant correlations were detected between the sports and dental ages and between dental age and body mass index values.

CONCLUSION: Sports participation could have positive effects on the dental maturity as well as on the bone development.

PMID:37525854 | PMC:PMC10387144 | DOI:10.26650/eor.20231134537

Transgend Health. 2023 Jul 28;8(4):363-370. doi: 10.1089/trgh.2022.0061. eCollection 2023 Aug.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between androgens and the retinal thickness by comparing the macular thickness (MT), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness of female-to-male transgender men (TGM), women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and cisgender women (CW).

METHODS: Thirty-four eyes of 34 TGM, 34 eyes of 34 women with PCOS, and 45 eyes of 45 CW were evaluated by optical coherence tomography. One-way analysis of variance and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted one-way analysis of covariance were conducted to test the differences between groups for statistical evaluation.

RESULTS: The parafoveal MT in TGM was significantly higher than women with PCOS and CW (p<0.001 and p=0.022, respectively). After adjusting for BMI, the perifoveal MT in TGM was significantly higher than women with PCOS and CW (p=0.041 and p=0.021, respectively). The nasal RNFL thickness in TGM was significantly higher than women with PCOS and CW (p=0.021 and p=0.009, respectively). The means of average and inferior RNFL, fovea, and the mean of all GCC values were higher in the TGM group than women with PCOS and CW, but these results were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: In this study, there was a significant difference between the TGM group and the CW group for the thickness of the nasal RNFL and parafoveal and perifoveal macular area. Androgens may have the potential to increase retinal thickness in TGM; however, there is a need for validation in larger study groups. Clinical Trial Registration Number: HNEAH-KAEK 2021/4.

PMID:37525838 | PMC:PMC10387147 | DOI:10.1089/trgh.2022.0061

Transgend Health. 2023 Jul 28;8(4):352-362. doi: 10.1089/trgh.2021.0071. eCollection 2023 Aug.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to define characteristics of transgender women seeking gender-affirming voice modification at our voice center. The secondary aim was to evaluate outcome measures, comparing (a) behavioral voice training alone, (b) surgery alone, and (c) combination of behavioral voice training+surgery.

METHODS: Patients seen in a 30-month period, who sought care for gender-affirming voice modification, were included if they were assigned male at birth and identified as female. Patient demographic information, patient quality of life index scores, Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire (TWVQ), and acoustic data were collected before and after intervention.

RESULTS: Sixteen patients met inclusion criteria. The majority of patients were (a) undergoing hormone replacement therapy at initiation of treatment, (b) were presenting in public for over 2 years as female, and (c) had a history of psychological disorders (i.e., gender dysphoria, anxiety, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]). Increased f0 and decreased TWVQ scores were evident and statistically significant within behavioral voice training cohort and behavioral voice training+surgery cohort. Treatment groups appear similar with respect to average changes; pre- and post-data were not available for surgery only patients. Greater change in f0 was directly correlated with increased number of voice training sessions.

CONCLUSION: There is variability in treatment course for patients seeking gender-affirming voice modification; however, treatment type may not impact outcomes. Increased patient quality of life and increased speaking fundamental frequency were found in this patient cohort.

PMID:37525833 | PMC:PMC10387149 | DOI:10.1089/trgh.2021.0071

Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2023 Jul 26;16:1365-1376. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S416592. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) has shown a high profile in the research of metabolic diseases. This research sought to determine whether the AKT1 gene’s single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were related.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Recruited in this case-control study were 2693 subjects, including 815 with NAFLD and 1878 without NAFLD. Three SNPs of AKT1 (rs2494732, rs2494752 and rs1130233) were genotyped. To examine the correlation between SNPs and NAFLD susceptibility, logistic regression was performed.

RESULTS: After adjusting for sex, age, triglyceride and glucose, AKT1 rs2494732-C (all P < 0.05 in co-dominant model, dominant model and additive model) and rs2494752-G (P < 0.05 in co-dominant model) were linked to a lower risk of NAFLD. The combined effect of both SNPs on NAFLD risk was statistically significant, showing a dose dependence (P_trend = 0.010). Sex, body mass index, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, and beneficial alleles were all significant predictors of NAFLD risk (all P < 0.05). The prediction model achieved good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.779. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test suggested an inadequate calibration of the model (χ² = 21.073, P = 0.007).

CONCLUSION: AKT1 rs2494732 and rs2494752 may be related to Chinese NAFLD susceptibility. The prediction model combining both SNPs with clinical factors displays a strong ability to discriminate NAFLD patients. Both SNPs may be exploited to design new models for early screening of NAFLD high-risk population.

PMID:37525829 | PMC:PMC10387243 | DOI:10.2147/RMHP.S416592

J Neurointerv Surg. 2023 Jul 31:jnis-2023-020531. doi: 10.1136/jnis-2023-020531. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Vessel perforation during thrombectomy is a severe complication and is hypothesized to be more frequent during medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) thrombectomy. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and outcome of patients with perforation during MeVO and large vessel occlusion (LVO) thrombectomy and to report on the procedural steps that led to perforation.

METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, data of consecutive patients with vessel perforation during thrombectomy between January 1, 2015 and September 30, 2022 were collected. The primary outcomes were independent functional outcome (ie, modified Rankin Scale 0-2) and all-cause mortality at 90 days. Binomial test, chi-squared test and t-test for unpaired samples were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: During 25 769 thrombectomies (5124 MeVO, 20 645 LVO) in 25 stroke centers, perforation occurred in 335 patients (1.3%; mean age 72 years, 62% female). Perforation occurred more often in MeVO thrombectomy (2.4%) than in LVO thrombectomy (1.0%, p<0.001). More MeVO than LVO patients with perforation achieved functional independence at 3 months (25.7% vs 10.9%, p=0.001). All-cause mortality did not differ between groups (overall 51.6%). Navigation beyond the occlusion and retraction of stent retriever/aspiration catheter were the two most common procedural steps that led to perforation.

CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort, perforation was approximately twice as frequent in MeVO than in LVO thrombectomy. Efforts to optimize the procedure may focus on navigation beyond the occlusion site and retraction of stent retriever/aspiration catheter. Further research is necessary in order to identify thrombectomy candidates at high risk of intraprocedural perforation and to provide data on the effectiveness of endovascular countermeasures.

PMID:37524518 | DOI:10.1136/jnis-2023-020531

Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2023 Jul 31. doi: 10.1111/cid.13254. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: This study evaluates patient-centered outcomes in patients undergoing full-arch rehabilitation, with immediate loading of implants. Using the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire pre-and post-treatment, it assesses the hypothesis that immediate full arch loading significantly improves quality of life.

METHODOLOGY: A dataset was defined as: 20 consecutive patients from a research database who had undergone IFAL surgery (maxilla, mandible, or both) and definitive restoration by a single clinician, and completed the OHIP-14 questionnaire prior to treatment and after restoration.

RESULTS: Pre (T₀ ) and post (T₁ ) treatment questionnaires were analyzed from 20 consecutive patients in whom a total of 160 implants were placed. The mean T₀ score was 26.7, and mean T₁ score 4.6. Differences were statistically significant (p = 0.00008). Greatest improvements were seen in psychological discomfort and disability, and pain. Worsening quality of life was shown by questions relating to speech in six patients and taste in three patients.

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that overall IFAL significantly improves tooth-related quality of life. It suggests reasons for patients to seek treatment while providing evidence to manage expectations, such as possible implications on speech, thus supporting informed consent of future patients in a primary care setting.

PMID:37524507 | DOI:10.1111/cid.13254

Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2023 Jul 31:ijgc-2023-004528. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004528. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The implementation of a peri-operative care program based on enhanced recovery after surgery principles for minimally invasive gynecologic oncology surgery led to an improvement in same day discharge from 29% to 75% at our center. This study aimed to determine the program’s economic impact.

METHODS: Our initial enhanced recovery quality improvement program enrolled consecutive patients undergoing minimally invasive hysterectomy at a single center during a 12-month period and compared them to a pre-intervention cohort. The primary outcome was overall costs. The secondary outcomes were surgical and post-operative visit costs. The surgical visit costs included pre-operative and operating room, post-operative stay, pharmacy, and interventions costs. The 30-day post-operative visit costs included clinic and emergency room, and readmission costs. The costs for every visit were collected from the case-cost department and expressed in 2020 Canadian dollars (CAD).

RESULTS: A total of 96 and 101 patients were included in the pre- and post-intervention groups, respectively. The median total cost per patient for post-intervention was $7252 compared with $8381 pre-intervention (p=0.02), resulting in a $1129 cost reduction per patient. The total cost for the program implementation was $134 per patient for a total cost of $13 106. The median post-operative stay cost was $816 post-intervention compared with $1278 pre-intervention (p<0.05). Statistically significant savings for the post-intervention group were also found for operative visit, operating room costs, and pharmacy (p<0.05). On multivariate analysis, surgical approach was the only factor associated with operating room costs, whereas both surgical approach and group (pre- vs post-intervention) impacted the total and post-operative stay costs (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: In addition to increasing the same day discharge rate after minimally invasive gynecologic oncology surgery, an enhanced recovery-based peri-operative care program led to significant reductions in cost.

PMID:37524497 | DOI:10.1136/ijgc-2023-004528

Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2023 Jul 31:ijgc-2023-004615. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004615. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Placenta accreta spectrum encompasses cases where the placenta is morbidly adherent to the myometrium. Placenta percreta, the most severe form of placenta accreta spectrum (grade 3E), occurs when the placenta invades through the myometrium and possibly into surrounding structures next to the uterine corpus. Maternal morbidity of placenta percreta is high, including severe maternal morbidity in 82.1% and mortality in 1.4% in the recent nationwide U.S. statistics. Although cesarean hysterectomy is commonly performed for patients with placenta accreta spectrum, conservative management is becoming more popular because of reduced morbidity in select cases. Treatment of grade 3E disease involving the urinary bladder, uterine cervix, or parametria is surgically complicated due to the location of the invasive placenta deep in the maternal pelvis. Cesarean hysterectomy in this setting has the potential for catastrophic hemorrhage and significant damage to surrounding organs. We propose a step-by-step schema to evaluate cases of grade 3E disease and determine whether immediate hysterectomy or conservative management, including planned delayed hysterectomy, is the most appropriate treatment option. The approach includes evaluation in the antenatal period with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging to determine suspicion for placenta previa percreta with surrounding organ involvement, planned cesarean delivery with a multidisciplinary team including experienced pelvic surgeons such as a gynecologic oncologist, intra-operative assessment including gross surgical field exposure and examination, cystoscopy, and consideration of careful intra-operative transvaginal ultrasound to determine the extent of placental invasion into surrounding organs. This evaluation helps decide the safety of primary cesarean hysterectomy. If safely resectable, additional considerations include intra-operative use of uterine artery embolization combined with tranexamic acid injection in cases at high risk for pelvic hemorrhage and uretinary stent placement. Availability of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta is ideal. If safe resection is concerned, conservative management including planned delayed hysterectomy at around 4 weeks from cesarean delivery in stable patients is recommended.

PMID:37524496 | DOI:10.1136/ijgc-2023-004615

Genome Res. 2023 Jul 31:gr.277491.122. doi: 10.1101/gr.277491.122. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Accurately measuring biological age is crucial for improving healthcare for the elderly population. However, the complexity of aging biology poses challenges in how to robustly estimate aging and in how to interpret the biological significance of the traits used for estimation. Here we present SCALE, a statistical pipeline that quantifies biological aging in different tissues using explainable features learned from literature and single-cell transcriptomic data. Applying SCALE to the “Mouse Aging Cell Atlas” (Tabula Muris Senis) data, we identified tissue-level transcriptomic aging programs for over 20 murine tissues and created a multi-tissue resource of mouse quantitative aging-associated genes. We observe that SCALE correlates well with other age indicators, such as the accumulation of somatic mutations, and can distinguish subtle differences in aging even in cells of the same chronological age. We further compared SCALE with other transcriptomic and methylation ‘clocks’ in data of aging muscle stem cells, Alzheimer’s disease, and heterochronic parabiosis. Our results confirm that SCALE is more generalizable and reliable in assessing biological aging in aging-related diseases and rejuvenating interventions. Overall, SCALE represents a valuable advancement in our ability to measure aging accurately, robustly, and interpretably in single cells.

PMID:37524436 | DOI:10.1101/gr.277491.122