Category: Statistics

Behav Res Methods. 2026 Aug 3;58(9):256. doi: 10.3758/s13428-026-03131-9.

ABSTRACT

In spite of the inherently dynamic nature of actions, most psycholinguistic studies investigating action naming have relied on static images. To address this gap for French, we present a new database comprising 134 action videos. For each video, we developed five key psycholinguistic variables: Name agreement (NA), H-statistic, naming latency, uniqueness naming point (i.e., the moment in the video when the action becomes unmistakably identifiable), and adjusted naming latency. All variables are provided both for the overall sample and separately for adults under 50 years and those aged 50 and above. We then examined the influence of these variables on response latencies collected from 394 French-speaking participants. NA, the H-statistic, and instrumentality significantly predicted response latencies. The video-based action naming database is freely available to clinicians and researchers. This study provides a new resource to explore action naming in both clinical and research contexts.

PMID:42547762 | DOI:10.3758/s13428-026-03131-9

Geroscience. 2026 Aug 4. doi: 10.1007/s11357-026-02427-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Vascular dysfunction in aging is driven by multiple interconnected hallmarks of aging, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence and features by endothelial impairment, inflammation, and reduced nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) signaling. Targeting this pathway may offer therapeutic benefit beyond traditional atherosclerosis-focused treatments. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025597982, CRD42025597983, CRD42025598016). PubMed and Embase were systematically searched (August 2024, updated September 2025) for preclinical studies investigating the effect of anti-inflammatory agents (DMARDs), phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) modulators targeting the NO-cGMP pathway in aged animal models of vascular dysfunction. Studies were screened in duplicate using predefined criteria, and data extraction was performed using standardized forms. Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE tool with additional reporting quality items. Meta analyses was conducted using multi-level models accounted for data clustering, and heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics. Thirteen studies in total were included. DMARDs (n = 6 studies) significantly improved ACh-induced vasorelaxation (2.55 [1.68; 3.42]). PDE inhibitors enhanced SNP-induced vasorelaxation (0.5 [0.04; 0.96], n = 5) and microvascular perfusion (0.76 [0.28; 1.25], n = 4) but showed no significant effect on ACh-induced vasorelaxation. Similarly, sGC modulators improved microvascular perfusion (1.12 [0.46; 1.78], n = 2) without significantly affecting ACh-induced vasorelaxation (0.45 [-0.23; 1.13], n = 3). Pooled analysis (of DMARDS, PDE, and sGC) demonstrated overall improvement in both ACh-induced vasorelaxation (1.73 [0.63; 2.82], n = 13) and microvascular function via any modulation within the NO-cGMP pathway (0.89 [0.49; 1.28], n = 6). The risk of bias assessment showed mixed quality across studies, with generally low risk in randomization (except PDE inhibitors), but high risk in power reporting and some concerns in baseline comparability, allocation, and incomplete outcome data. Modulation of the NO-cGMP pathway improves vascular function through complementary mechanisms. While PDE inhibitors and sGC modulators primarily act on downstream smooth muscle signaling, anti-inflammatory strategies may target upstream endothelial dysfunction. These findings support multi-level therapeutic targeting of vascular aging, although they should be interpreted cautiously given potential bias, heterogeneity, and reliance on the quality of included studies.

PMID:42547759 | DOI:10.1007/s11357-026-02427-0

Can J Anaesth. 2026 Aug 3. doi: 10.1007/s12630-026-03165-9. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42547755 | DOI:10.1007/s12630-026-03165-9

Ann Surg Oncol. 2026 Aug 3. doi: 10.1245/s10434-026-20210-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Peritoneal carcinomatosis from lower gastrointestinal malignancies causes debilitating intra-abdominal complications, including bowel obstruction, ascites, and biliary/ureteral obstruction. Guidelines addressing palliative cytoreductive surgery (CRS) in patient’s ineligible for curative resection remain limited.

METHODS: Patients who underwent CRS for appendiceal cancer (AC)- or colorectal cancer (CRC)-related carcinomatosis not amenable to complete cytoreduction at one referral center (2004-2025) were retrospectively reviewed. Tumor grade was dichotomized into low- (well- and well-to-moderately differentiated ACs) versus high-grade (moderately or poorly differentiated/signet ring ACs, all CRCs). Descriptive statistics summarize patient demographics. Carcinomatosis-related complication-free (CRCFS), obstruction-free (OFS), ascites-free (AFS), and overall survival (OS) were estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS: A total of 131 patients underwent palliative CRS. The most common reasons for incomplete cytoreduction were high tumor burden/multiple unresectable areas 62 (47%), portal 20 (15%), small bowel 19 (14%), or pelvic 17 (13%) disease. Common palliative procedures included omentectomy 86 (66%), hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy 63 (48%), bowel resection 63 (48%), gastrostomy tube/gastropexy 60 (46%), and intestinal bypass 27 (20%). Twenty-two (17%) patients had major complications, and median length of stay was 11 days (IQR 9-14). Median CRCFS, OFS, AFS, and OS were 11, 16, 62, and 13 months for high-grade versus 36, NR, NR, and 37 months for low-grade tumors. The strongest predictor of shortened CRCFS, OFS, AFS, and OS was high-grade histology.

CONCLUSIONS: Palliative CRS for incompletely resectable carcinomatosis is associated with prolonged OFS and AFS for patients with low-grade histology. Palliative surgical intervention should be considered in carefully selected patients.

PMID:42547753 | DOI:10.1245/s10434-026-20210-5

Cardiovasc Eng Technol. 2026 Aug 3. doi: 10.1007/s13239-026-00850-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic cardiovascular diseases have motivated the development of wearable systems capable of continuously monitoring physiological variables such as oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) and non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP). However, motion artifacts remain one of the main limitations affecting the reliability of these measurements in ambulatory environments. This article presents a novel framework for motion artifact reduction in photoplethysmography (PPG) and NIBP signals based on redundant sensing, inertial measurements, ECG-guided temporal synchrony, and multichannel signal processing.

METHODS: The proposed framework combines independent component analysis and recursive least-squares adaptive filtering to separate physiological information from motion-induced interference. Performance was compared with conventional finite impulse response (FIR) filtering and wavelet shrinkage (WS) methods using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), weighted distortion assessment (WDA), oxygen saturation estimation, and blood pressure estimation metrics.

RESULTS: The proposed method achieved statistically significant improvements in signal quality and physiological parameter estimation. Average SNR improved from – 5.93 ± 5.05 dB to – 3.43 ± 2.02 dB in the red PPG channel ( p = 0.02 ), while the WDA index increased from 0.48 to 0.73. Oxygen saturation estimation improved from 80.87 ± 9.09 % in motion-contaminated signals to 94.16 ± 2.72 % after denoising ( p = 0.04 ), approaching resting measurements ( 95.23 ± 2.31 % ). For NIBP signals, statistically significant improvements were also observed ( p = 0.045 ), particularly for systolic pressure estimation, although diastolic pressure remained affected by residual motion-related distortions.

CONCLUSIONS: The proposed framework improves the robustness of wearable PPG and NIBP monitoring under motion conditions through the combined use of sensor redundancy, ECG-guided temporal coupling, inertial measurements, and adaptive multichannel signal processing. The results demonstrate significant improvements in signal quality and physiological parameter estimation compared with conventional denoising approaches, supporting the potential use of the method in ambulatory cardiovascular monitoring applications.

PMID:42547737 | DOI:10.1007/s13239-026-00850-0

Odontology. 2026 Aug 3. doi: 10.1007/s10266-026-01511-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the impact of guideline-based prompting on the performance of large language models (LLMs) in answering dental trauma-related questions. Sixteen multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and sixteen open-ended questions (OEQs) derived from the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines were used. ChatGPT-4o, Gemini-2.5 Flash, and DeepSeek v3.2 were tested under two conditions: with and without guideline support. Questions were asked three times daily over three consecutive days using independent chat sessions. In the guideline-based condition, the dental trauma guideline was uploaded and models were instructed to answer according to the document. Responses were evaluated using predefined answer keys and a structured rubric. Statistical analyses were performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, aligned rank transform (ART) analysis, and Bonferroni-adjusted multiple comparisons. Multiple-choice performance was consistently high across all models, with no significant effects of day, time, or AI model. Guideline-based prompting substantially improved performance and guideline concordance on open-ended questions. In the guideline-supported condition, DeepSeek achieved a median score of 32, while ChatGPT and Gemini achieved median scores of 30. Without guideline support, median scores decreased to 26, 20, and 23, respectively. All models achieved 100% accuracy on MCQs with guideline support, whereas accuracy ranged from 81.2% to 100% without guideline support. Significant differences between AI models were observed for OEQ scores (p < 0.001). Guideline-based prompting improved guideline concordance and overall performance, particularly for open-ended dental trauma questions. These findings support the use of guideline grounding to enhance the guideline concordance and reliability of LLM-generated responses while emphasizing the continued need for clinician oversight.

PMID:42547726 | DOI:10.1007/s10266-026-01511-3

Odontology. 2026 Aug 3. doi: 10.1007/s10266-026-01519-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The objective was to compare conventional and electronic cigarettes regarding the discoloration of three types of aligner composite resin attachments. Three composite resins were evaluated: Tokuyama Estelite Universal Flow, G-ænial Universal Injectable, and Filtek Z350 XT Universal Restorative. Attachments were bonded onto epoxy resin models (N = 28 teeth). Each composite group was divided into conventional and electronic cigarette subgroups (n = 14). Color measurements were performed before and after exposure with VITA Easyshade V, and ΔE₀₀ and Whiteness Index for Dentistry (WI_D) values were calculated. The chemical composition of the attachments was assessed using FTIR-ATR. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, paired and independent samples t-tests. After conventional cigarette exposure, WI_D significantly decreased in all composites. Tokuyama Estelite Universal Flow exhibited a significantly smaller reduction in WI_D (- 4.06 ± 4.03) compared with G-ænial Universal Injectable (- 8.28 ± 3.56) and Filtek Z350 XT (- 10.16 ± 4.63) (p < 0.05). Following electronic cigarette exposure, WI_D increased for G-ænial Universal Injectable (p = 0.031) but decreased for Filtek Z350 XT (p = 0.009). After electronic cigarette, ΔE₀₀ was significantly higher in G-ænial Universal Injectable (4.07 ± 1.49) than in Filtek Z350 XT (2.94 ± 2.38) (p = 0.001). Significant differences between conventional and electronic cigarette exposure were observed for G-ænial Universal Injectable in ΔL, for all composites in Δb and ΔWI_D, and for Filtek Z350 XT in ΔE₀₀. Irrespective of the smoking type, all composite resins exhibited ΔE₀₀ values exceeding the clinically acceptable threshold after exposure. After conventional cigarette, whiteness index of Tokuyama Estelite Universal Flow was less affected than other resin types. Conventional cigarette induced more pronounced color changes than electronic cigarette aerosol.

PMID:42547722 | DOI:10.1007/s10266-026-01519-9

Odontology. 2026 Aug 3. doi: 10.1007/s10266-026-01516-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) evaluated the efficacy of autologous blood-derived products compared with open flap debridement (OFD) over time in patients with intrabony periodontal defects. Randomized clinical trials were included, and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing depth (PD) reduction, and bone regeneration (BR) were assessed at 6, 9, and 12 months. Study selection followed the PRISMA-NMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420250651074). Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated with CINeMA. NMA was conducted using a random-effects model integrating direct and indirect comparisons, with treatment ranking based on Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (SUCRA) probabilities. PRF-based protocols, alone or combined with adjunctive agents, were associated with favorable trends in CAL, PD, and BR outcomes, particularly at the 9-month follow-up. Combinations of PRF with alendronate or rosuvastatin achieved high ranking probabilities and may offer additional regenerative benefits; however, these findings should be interpreted cautiously given the variability in certainty across comparisons. Although statistically significant differences were not consistently observed at 12 months, some interventions maintained favorable point estimates and ranking probabilities over time. Although sustained statistical superiority was not consistently demonstrated, some interventions showed potentially favorable clinical outcomes that may contribute to periodontal stability. Overall, PRF-based therapies showed promising results, particularly at intermediate follow-up periods; however, the magnitude and durability of these effects remain uncertain. Further well-designed long-term clinical trials are required to clarify their role as adjunctive regenerative therapies.

PMID:42547721 | DOI:10.1007/s10266-026-01516-y

Odontology. 2026 Aug 3. doi: 10.1007/s10266-026-01499-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Three-dimensional (3D) printed surgical guides have improved the transfer of virtual implant planning to the clinical setting. However, autoclave sterilization may expose photopolymer resins to thermal and hygrometric stress, potentially affecting their dimensional stability. This study evaluated whether moist heat sterilization at 121 °C induces dimensional changes in 3D-printed surgical guides that could compromise implant placement accuracy. Ten identical maxillary models were used to fabricate standardized surgical guides based on a single digital plan. Five guides were sterilized in an autoclave at 121 °C (test group), while five were not sterilized (control group). The guides were produced from intraoral scanning and tomography of a randomly selected model and 3D printed from the same digital file. Linear and angular deviations between planned and obtained positions were measured through digital scanning and analyzed using GOM software. Statistical comparisons were performed using paired t-tests, with reference values from previous studies used to define acceptable precision margins. No statistically significant differences were observed between sterilized and non-sterilized guides for angular deviations within 4° (p = 1.000) and 2° (p = 0.203). Linear deviations also remained within acceptable limits, with no significant differences beyond 1 mm (p = 1.000) or 0.68 mm (p = 1.000). These findings indicate that autoclave sterilization at 121 °C does not produce clinically relevant distortions in the precision of 3D-printed surgical guides. However, further studies are needed to evaluate potential material fragility and the impact of alternative sterilization methods.

PMID:42547716 | DOI:10.1007/s10266-026-01499-w

Acta Neurol Belg. 2026 Aug 4. doi: 10.1007/s13760-026-03160-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate brain morphometric changes in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and to explore their associations with structural and functional ophthalmic parameters.

METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 15 patients with NAION and 15 healthy controls. All participants underwent high-resolution 3.0-Tesla brain magnetic resonance imaging. Whole-brain VBM was performed using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12) implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12) to assess gray and white matter volume differences between groups. Ophthalmic evaluation included best-corrected visual acuity, visual field mean deviation, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness measured by optical coherence tomography. Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between brain morphometric measures and ophthalmic parameters.

RESULTS: Compared with controls, patients with NAION exhibited reduced gray matter volumes in the limbic lobe, cuneus, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, middle temporal gyrus, parietal lobe, and frontal lobe at an exploratory voxel-level threshold (p < 0.001, uncorrected). Increased gray matter volumes were observed in the bilateral cerebellum, while increased white matter volumes were identified in the right cerebellum and posterior cerebellar lobe. No significant correlations were identified between brain morphometric measures and ophthalmic parameters, time since onset, or visual function (all p > 0.05). None of the observed gray or white matter clusters remained statistically significant after family-wise error (FWE) correction for multiple comparisons.

CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary evidence suggests that patients with NAION may exhibit brain morphometric alterations involving visual pathway-related cortical regions and the cerebellum. These exploratory findings raise the possibility that central nervous system changes in NAION may extend beyond isolated optic nerve pathology. However, because none of the observed clusters survived family-wise error (FWE) correction for multiple comparisons, these findings should be considered exploratory and require confirmation in larger studies.

PMID:42547714 | DOI:10.1007/s13760-026-03160-3