Category: Statistics

Wiad Lek. 2025;78(12):2707-2716. doi: 10.36740/WLek/213629.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and lifestyle quality become important in diabetes research in last year. The present study aims to study the influence of metformin response in sleep in diabetes mellitus patients type 2.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was designed to achieve study goal, glycemic parameters included fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated protein (HbA1c%), insulin (IN), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity (IS). PCR sequencing was used to detect SLC47A2 intronic variants and its related with glycemic control and sleep status.

RESULTS: Results: Among the study population, about 26.3% achieved well glycemic control, 30% were moderately controlled, and 43.8% were poorly controlled. Sleep quality assessment showed that the majority of participants in all glycemic groups experienced intermediate sleep. The prevalence of insomnia increased with worsening glycemic control, from 4.8% in the well-controlled group to 17.1% in poorly controlled participants, in non- statistically significant (p = 0.722). Biochemical parameters confirmed significant differences in fasting blood glucose and HbA1c across the three glycemic categories (p < 0.001), insulin, HOMA-IR, and insulin sensitivity did not differ significantly. Multiple regression analyses indicated that none of the biochemical predictors significantly explained sleep in any group (p > 0.05), in poorly controlled patients, non-significant opposing trends were observed for insulin and insulin resistance, sociodemographic factors included supplement use, education level, and employment were associated with better sleep among poorly controlled patients. Genetic analysis of two intronic variants in the SLC47A2 gene (g.19716681G>C and rs1597652185) revealed no significant associations with glycemic control or sleep, though both showed similar distribution patterns across groups. Statistical analysis didn’t find significant association between either variant and glycemic or sleep status (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Poor glycemic control was common and associated with higher insomnia prevalence. While demographic and clinical factors showed no clear links with glycemic control or sleep, supplement use emerged as a protective factor. FBG and HbA1c strongly differentiated control groups, but other biomarkers and SLC47A2 variants were not predictive. Findings suggest that combining metabolic management with supportive measures like supplementation may improve sleep and outcomes in type 2 diabetes..

PMID:41620870 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/213629

Wiad Lek. 2025;78(12):2677-2684. doi: 10.36740/WLek/215808.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To assess hormonal status and vitamin D metabolic features in women of reproductive age presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding and associated extragenital conditions.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the clinical base of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Pediatric Gynecology, and Medical Genetics of Kharkiv National Medical University (KhNMU). A total of 110 women of reproductive age were examined and divided into two clinical groups. The first group (main group, MG) included 80 patients diagnosed with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in combination with extragenital cconditions. The second group (control group, CG) consisted of 30 somatically healthy women who presented for routine preventive examinations. Hormonal status was assessed by measuring serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone (PRG), estradiol (E2), and vitamin D using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Statistical analysis was performed using the general-purpose software package Statistica 6.0.

RESULTS: Results: The average age of the participants was 31.5 ± 13.5 years. Among women in the main group, the most frequently observed extragenital conditions were diseases of the endocrine, circulatory, and digestive systems. Analysis of serum hormone levels revealed a decrease in FSH (1.84-fold), LH (1.64-fold), and PRG (2.6-fold) (KWT, p < 0.01). Conversely, E2 levels were elevated by 3.52-fold in the MG (KWT, p < 0.01). Serum vitamin D levels in the MG were reduced by 2.25-fold compared to the CG (KWT, p < 0.01). A statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation was found between serum E2 and vitamin D levels (r = 0.61).

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The study revealed distinct features of the hormonal profile and vitamin D metabolism in women of reproductive age with abnormal uterine bleeding and concomitant extragenital conditions. Specifically, this patient population demonstrated decreased serum levels of LH, FSH, PRG, and vitamin D, accompanied by hyperestrogenemia. A statistically significant correlation was observed between serum E2 and vitamin D levels.

PMID:41620867 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/215808

Wiad Lek. 2025;78(12):2661-2668. doi: 10.36740/WLek/213488.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To determine the relationship between telomere length and telomerase activity and indicators of oxidative stress in patients with СА and T2DM.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: to investigate relationship between telomere length and cognitive function and identify predictors of cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The MMSE and MoCA scales, which are widely used in most modern epidemiological and clinical studies, were used for screening and assessment of cognitive disorders.

RESULTS: Results: Patients were divided into 2 groups: I – with scores on MMSE scale < 26 (moderate cognitive deficit, 26 people), II – with scores on MMSE scale 3 26 (mild cognitive deficit, 135 people). As a result of analysis, it was found that length of telomeres was statistically significantly shorter in patients of group I, the patients studied less, they had more pronounced situational anxiety, more pronounced intima-media thickness in both carotid arteries, and according to MoCA scale, they had pronounced impairment of cognitive functions (p<0.05). Group II patients had longer telomeres, studied longer, and had high personal anxiety.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: patients with cerebral atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild cognitive impairment have longer telomeres, high personal anxiety, and a higher level of education.

PMID:41620865 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/213488

Wiad Lek. 2025;78(12):2642-2647. doi: 10.36740/WLek/215804.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To provide a quantitative assessment of the clinical effectiveness of the high-energy Nd:YAG laser therapy versa traditional pharmacotherapy in patients with papulopustular rosacea.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The study included 40 patients with clinically diagnosed papulopustular rosacea. Participants were divided into two subgroups: one received standard pharmacotherapy with systemic retinoids, and the other underwent fractional Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser treatment. Clinical outcomes were assessed using digital image analysis (ImageJ software), with erythema quantified in pixel units and relative facial area involvement. Statistical evaluation was performed with Student’s t-test, considering p < 0.05 as significant.

RESULTS: Results: Both treatment modalities demonstrated clinical improvement; however, outcomes were more pronounced in the laser-treated group. Traditional pharmacotherapy achieved a 22% reduction in erythema area, while Nd:YAG laser therapy resulted in a 79% reduction. The proportion of erythematous facial area decreased from 24.4% to 16.7% in the pharmacotherapy group and from 27.6% to 5.7% in the laser group. No systemic or local adverse effects were reported.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Nd:YAG FRAC3R laser therapy demonstrated superior efficacy over pharmacotherapy in reducing erythema and inflammatory manifestations in papulopustular rosacea. These findings support its role as an effective and safe alternative or adjunct to standard pharmacological management.

PMID:41620863 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/215804

Wiad Lek. 2025;78(12):2626-2633. doi: 10.36740/WLek/215795.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim of our study is to optimize modern adhesive protocols through experimental investigation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: During the study, we used the following methods: laboratory, experimental, scanning electron microscopy, morphological studies and analysis of the elemental composition of structures (samples) were carried out using a scanning electron microscope and statistical.

RESULTS: Results: Scanning electron microscopy of ceramic samples after etching showed changes in the surface structure, which consisted in an increase in microspaces, more frequent and deeper relief of irregularities with increasing etching time, acid concentration and activation of the etching gel. On the surface of samples etched for 60 seconds in 9% HF, irregularities of the cellular structure with a size of 5 to 18 μm were detected. The differences between statically and dynamically etched samples are clearly visible.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Thus, our study confirms the safety of using sandblasting to clean ceramics, the importance of dynamic etching at the stage of preparing ceramics for fixation, and the effectiveness of using an alcohol adhesive protocol. The results obtained, based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, can be used by dental professionals to improve the quality of treatment of patients with defects in the hard tissues of the teeth.

PMID:41620861 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/215795

Wiad Lek. 2025;78(12):2611-2619. doi: 10.36740/WLek/215799.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The study aimed to determine the structural organization and conduct a quantitative analysis of the cellular composition of rat liver sinusoids under condition of a long-term (10 weeks) experimental exposure to cannabidiol oil.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted on 20 white non-linear male rats weighing 180-230 g, in compliance with ethical principles. The modeling of prolonged cannabidiol oil exposure in 14 white rats was performed through daily per os administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg/ for 10 weeks, the control group was 6 sexually mature white male rats, that oral administration the CBD carrier solvent – hemp seed oil. Histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric studies of the cellular composition of liver sinusoids were performed with statistical processing. In all comparisons, the difference was considered statistically significant at a minimum significance level of p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Results: After 10 weeks exposure to CBD oil administration pathohistological changes in the rat liver sinusoids were not observed. There is a significant increase in the average number of Kupffer cells in the sinusoidal wall in all zones of the lobule p < 0.001, especially near the portal zone (1.58 times) compared to the control group, which can be explained by their activation in response to long-term exposure to CBD. Perisinusoidal cells in the experimental series in all areas of the liver lobule were the least compared to endothelial cells and Kupffer cells, p < 0.001.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Histological, immunohistochemical study with quantitative analysis of the cellular composition of rat liver sinusoids indicates the safety of long-term experimental exposure to CBD oil.

PMID:41620859 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/215799

Wiad Lek. 2025;78(12):2604-2610. doi: 10.36740/WLek/214630.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: This study aims at evaluating the effect of a structured instructional program on improving nurses’ knowledge regarding the use of massage therapy as a non-drug approach in managing colic-related discomfort in infants.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was performed. Work was done at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, which works under the Directorate of Health in Diwaniyah. All nurses who participated in the study n=72 were divided into two groups: an experimental group consisting of 36 nurses who received the educational intervention and a control group consisting of the remaining 36 nurses who did not receive any intervention. The researcher created an inclusive training program that emphasized on increasing the knowledge of nurses about the nature, causes, and symptoms of infant colic, normal crying versus colic episodes, diagnosis of colic, pain physiology, mechanism of massage therapy, practical advice for dealing with colicky infants, and both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options.

RESULTS: Results: The findings improved the knowledge of nurses in the intervention group about infant massage therapy in a statistically significant way following the program. This group attained a higher average score than the control group 1.78 vs. 1.34 with standard deviations of 0.09 and 0.14, respectively; p=0.000, effect difference was meaningful.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: This study identified the real improving effect of educational intervention by demonstrating a significant enhancement in the knowledge and practices of nurses after they underwent the training program. Nurses with high education responded more positively to the program.

PMID:41620858 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/214630

Wiad Lek. 2025;78(12):2577-2585. doi: 10.36740/WLek/215797.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To study the dynamics of stress symptoms manifestation in police officers of different ages before and after performing their service and combat missions of varying duration.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The research, conducted in 2024-2025, involved 71 Master’s-level student officers (officers) (male, up to 25 years old) from Odesa State University of Internal Affairs (OSUIA) and 103 serving officers of various ages (male, up to 30 and older) who are on staff at OSUIA in multiple positions. Research methods: theoretical analysis of literature sources, psycho-diagnostic methods, statistical methods.

RESULTS: Results: The most pronounced manifestation of all stress symptoms was found in serving officers, regardless of age, after returning from their rotations lasting 3-4 months. After performing service and combat missions, the stress level (14.8-15.4 points) among serving officers of all age groups was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) higher than among student officers (10.1 points). No significant differences were found between the stress levels of serving officers across different age groups (p > 0.05), indicating that the level of stress does not depend on the age of law enforcement officers, but rather on the duration of their exposure to stressful conditions.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The research indicates the need to develop stress resilience in law enforcement officers to ensure the effectiveness of their service and combat activities in conditions of martial law, as well as to develop skills in the use of available means for stress prevention in the process of prolonged service and combat activities to restore mental health indicators.

PMID:41620855 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/215797

J Evid Based Soc Work (2019). 2026 Feb 1:1-27. doi: 10.1080/26408066.2026.2623443. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: BIPOC and LGBTQ+ youth experience disproportionately worse mental health outcomes, partially due to a lack of culturally responsive practices and multicultural counseling self-efficacy among behavioral health professionals. Separately, professional quality of life (ProQOL) has also been linked to better client outcomes. However, little is known about the relationship between behavioral health professionals’ multicultural counseling self-efficacy, culturally competent behaviors, and ProQOL. This study aimed to examine the relationship between cultural competence and ProQOL, as well as a hypothesized indirect role of multi-cultural counseling self-efficacy among these associations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from a workforce training program among graduate level social work, psychology, and nursing students on culturally responsive practices whose practicum settings included working with BIPOC/LGBTQ+ youth. At baseline (T1), graduation (T2), and 9-months post-graduation (T3), participants (N = 113) completed measures on anti-racism, self-reflection and insight, intercultural communication, multicultural counseling self-efficacy, and ProQOL (compassion satisfaction, burnout, secondary trauma).

RESULTS: Intercultural communication at T2 had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between multicultural counseling self-efficacy at T2 and burnout at T3. Self-reflection and insight at T2 also had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between multicultural counseling self-efficacy at T2 and burnout at T3. Mediation models examining secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction were not statistically significant.

DISCUSSION: Results suggest the importance of cultural competencies and multicultural counseling self-efficacy in facilitating culturally responsive practices and promoting clinicians’ ProQOL.

CONCLUSION: Future trainings should emphasize these areas to minimize mental health disparities among LGBTQ+ and BIPOC youth.

PMID:41620841 | DOI:10.1080/26408066.2026.2623443

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2026 Jan 31. doi: 10.1002/jpen.70061. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria have been suggested for use in clinical practice for multiple tumor types, but there are currently no data on the effectiveness of tools for the diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted including 317 patients who underwent radical surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma between October 2021 and May 2024. Six preoperative nutrition assessment tools were included: the GLIM criteria, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment, European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism criteria, Prognostic Nutritional Index, Nutritional Risk Index, and body mass index.

RESULTS: Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models indicated that severe malnutrition identified by GLIM (hazard ratio [HR], 2.10; 95% CI, 1.01-4.36; P = 0.04) and the GLIM subcriteria combination of weight loss and cancer (HR, 7.30; 95% CI, 2.98-17.89; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of overall survival. The GLIM subcriteria combination of weight loss and cancer (Brier score, 0.096; C statistics [0.80; 95% CI, 0.74-0.85]) had the best predictive performance for overall survival.

CONCLUSION: The GLIM criteria have predictive value for diagnosing preoperative malnutrition in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, the GLIM subcriteria combination of weight loss and cancer offers greater advantages in prognostic prediction and may be useful for risk stratification and guidance for nutrition interventions in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID:41620828 | DOI:10.1002/jpen.70061