Category: Statistics

Pain Manag. 2023 Jan 31. doi: 10.2217/pmt-2022-0059. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Aim: We sought to investigate the impact of social determinants of health on pain clinic attendance. Materials & methods: Retrospective data were collected from the Pain Center at Montefiore Medical Center from 2016 to 2020 and analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. Results: African-Americans were less likely to attend appointments compared with White patients (odds ratio [OR]: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.70-0.77; p < 0.001). Males had decreased attendance compared with females (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.87-0.92; p < 0.001). Compared with Commercial, those with Medicaid (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.66-0.72; p < 0.001) and Medicare (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.73-0.80; p < 0.001) insurance had decreased attendance. Conclusion: Significant disparities exist in pain clinic attendance based upon social determinants of health including race, gender and insurance type.

PMID:36718774 | DOI:10.2217/pmt-2022-0059

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023 Jan 31. doi: 10.1111/jocd.15599. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Carboxytherapy is one of the most popular procedures used in dermatology. The treatments are known to be minimally invasive and highly effective for various skin disorders. Therefore, the research carried out in the paper is purposeful and addresses an important area of aesthetic therapies.

AIMS: Objective, apparatus-based assessment of the effect of carboxytherapy on skin elasticity around the eyes.

PATIENTS/METHODS: The study included a group of 39 Caucasian individuals aged 35-55 years. Participants were subjected to a series of five carboxytherapy treatments of eye area at weekly intervals. The Cutometer measuring probe was used to assess skin elasticity. Additionally, photographic documentation was out using the Fotomedicus system.

RESULTS: In this study, statistically significant increase in R2 parameter was found as the result of applied treatment. This parameter is considered to be the most important indicator of changes in skin elasticity. In 29 out of 39 subjects, the carboxytherapy treatment significantly improved skin tension and elasticity. Such therapy may also exert a beneficial effect on flexibility since in 28 participants the favorable change in the R7 parameter was visible.

CONCLUSIONS: The objective analysis of the impact of carboxytherapy treatment on parameters determining skin elasticity revealed that this therapy can be used as an anti-aging method in the eye area. Obtained results are in agreement with other biochemical, histological, and photographical documentation analyses of the effect of carboxytherapy on skin, performed by independent researchers.

PMID:36718772 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.15599

Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2023 Jan 23;56:e20220308. doi: 10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2022-0308en. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the transition of care from the perspective of cancer patients, in a Southern Brazil hospital, correlating perspectives with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

METHOD: Cross-sectional study using the Care Transitions Measure (CTM) with cancer patients undergoing clinical or surgical treatment following hospital discharge. Data collection was completed by telephone, between June and September 2019. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS: The average CTM score was 74.1, which was considered satisfactory. The CTM factors: understanding about medications (83.3) and preparation for self-management (77.7) were deemed satisfactory; while: secured preferences (69.4) and care plan (66.1) were unsatisfactory for an effective and safe care transition. No statistically significant difference was found between sociodemographic variables and the CTM. Among the clinical variables, primary cancer and the secured preferences factor showed a significant difference (p = 0.044).

CONCLUSION: The transition from hospital care to the community was considered satisfactory in the overall assessment.

PMID:36718767 | DOI:10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2022-0308en

Orthod Fr. 2022 Dec 1;93(4):321-331. doi: 10.1684/orthodfr.2022.102.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Various studies showed inconsistent and different results regarding the correlation between open bites and palate planes whether normal or abnormal. This study had for objective to investigate the correlation between dentoalveolar heights and palatal plane inclination in different vertical facial patterns.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 120 lateral cephalometric radiographs (60 females and 60 males) were selected from the archives of the Faculty of Dentistry, Beirut Arab University. The sample consisted of three equal groups: hypodivergent (SN/MP<27°), normodivergent (SN/MP=27°-37°) and hyperdivergent (SN/MP>37°). The radiographs were digitally traced and cephalometric skeletal and dentoalveolar variables were measured. Statistical analysis was carried out with significance level at p<0.05.

RESULTS: The palatal plane inclination showed statistically significant difference between hyperdivergent and both hypodivergent and normodivergent subjects with no statistically significant difference between hypodivergent and normodivergent subjects. A statistically significant difference in the upper anterior dentoalveolar height (UADAH) was found between hypodivergent and both hyperdivergent and normodivergent subjects. No statistically significant difference was found in the other dentoalveolar heights between the different vertical patterns. A negative moderate correlation was only observed between the palatal plane angle and UADAH in the hyperdivergent group. Multiregression analysis showed that the greatest contribution to overbite pooled across all groups other than the skeletal pattern was attributed to UADAH.

CONCLUSION: UADAH seems to influence the overbite depth compared to other dentoalveolar heights. It is possible that UADAH acts as a compensatory factor for palatal plane inclination in hyperdivergent subjects.

PMID:36718754 | DOI:10.1684/orthodfr.2022.102

West Afr J Med. 2023 Jan 30;40(1):114-120.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Antibiotics misuse and self-medication remains one of the most serious public health challenges globally. Persistent rise in resistant bacterial infections has been attributed to high prevalence of antibiotics misuse and self-medication. Large volume of literature has emerged describing studies that evaluate the effectiveness of various types and combinations of educational and behavior-modification techniques to reduce antibiotics misuse and self-medication. No previous systemic review has attempted to assess the quality of evidence in public domains on educational strategies aiming to reduce prevalence and improve knowledge, attitude and practice on antibiotics misuse and self-medication in Africa. This study, therefore, intends to assess the quality of evidence presented and determine the effectiveness of health education as an intervention tool for reducing prevalence and improving knowledge and attitude on antibiotics misuse and self-medication among adults in Africa.

METHODS: This study will include published papers on effectiveness of health education in reducing antibiotics misuse and self-medication from 2011-2021. Systematic search for literature will be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meat-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to identify published studies based on our predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria in PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and Web of Sciences. Two independent reviewers will assess all identified studies and another set of reviewers will extract data for analysis and evidence synthesis.

PMID:36718718

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023 Feb 18;55(1):156-159.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the difference in sensitivity between X-ray and three-dimensional reconstruction of computed tomography (3D-CT) for the diagnosis of distal fibular avulsion fracture, and the radiographic presentation of the ossicle.

METHODS: From January to October 2018, 92 patients with distal fibular avulsion fracture were visited for surgical treatment in Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, and 60 cases were finally enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Intraoperative detection was regarded as the gold standard, and the diagnostic sensitivity of preoperative ankle X-ray and 3D-CT for the distal fibular avulsion fractures was statistically determined. The ossicle maximum diameter as well as the degree of its displacement were also measured. On 3D-CT, the distance from the ossicle center point to the anterior fibular tuberosity (a), the distance to the fibular tip (b), and the a/b value was used to present the ossicle displacement.

RESULTS: Among the 60 patients, 36 and the 52 patients were correctly detected by X-ray and 3D-CT, respectively, and the sensitivities was 60.0% and 86.7%, respectively (P=0.004). The mean diameter of the ossicle on X-ray and 3D-CT was (9.2±3.9) mm and (10.5±3.2) mm, respectively. The mean distance from the ossicle center to the anterior fibular tuberosity (a) was (17.5±3.6) mm and the mean distance to the fibular tip (b) was (17.4±4.8) mm, with mean a/b values of 1.1±0.7. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for each measurement ranged from 0.891-0.998 with a high degree of consistency.

CONCLUSION: Compared with X-ray, 3D-CT has higher sensitivity in diagnosing distal fibular avulsion fractures, can help clinicians evaluate ossicle’s location and choose surgical methods, and is recommended to be performed in patients with suspected distal fibula avulsion fractures in clinical practice.

PMID:36718705

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023 Feb 18;55(1):144-148.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether 3D-printed artificial vertebral body can reduce prosthesis subsidence rate for patients with cervical chordomas, through comparing the rates of prosthesis subsidence between 3D printing artificial vertebral body and titanium mesh for anterior spinal reconstruction after total spondylectomy.

METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent surgical treatment for cervical chordoma at our hospital from March 2005 to September 2019. There were nine patients in the group of 3D artificial vertebral body (3D group), and 15 patients in the group of titanium mesh cage (Mesh group). The patients’ characteristics and treatment data were extracted from the medical records, including age, gender, CT hounsfield unit of cervical vertebra and surgical information, such as the surgical segments, time and blood loss of surgery, frequency and degree of prosthesis subsidence after surgery. Radiographic observations of prosthesis subsidence during the follow-up, including X-rays, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging were also collected. SPSS 22.0 was used to analysis the data.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender, age, CT hounsfield unit, surgical segments, time of surgery, blood loss of posterior surgery and total blood loss. Blood loss of anterior surgery was 700 (300, 825) mL in 3D group and 1 500 (750, 2 800) mL in Mesh group (P < 0.05). The prosthesis subsidence during the follow-up, 3 months after surgery, there was significant difference between the two groups in mild prosthesis subsidence (P < 0.05). The vertebral height of the 3D group decreased less than 1 mm in eight cases (no prosthesis subsidence) and more than 1 mm in one case (mild prosthesis subsidence). The vertebral height of the Mesh group decreased less than 1 mm in five cases (no prosthesis subsidence), and more than 1 mm in eight cases (mild prosthesis subsidence). Two patients did not have X-rays in 3 months after surgery. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the prosthesis subsidence rate at the end of 12 months (P < 0.01). The vertebral height of eight cases in the 3D group decreased less than 1 mm (no prosthesis subsidence) and one case more than 3 mm (severe prosthesis subsidence). Four of the 15 cases in the Mesh group decreased less than 1 mm (no prosthesis subsidence), two cases more than 1 mm (mild prosthesis subsidence), and nine cases more than 3 mm (severe prosthesis subsidence). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the prosthesis subsidence rate at the end of 24 months (P < 0.01). The vertebral height of seven cases in the 3D group decreased less than 1 mm (no prosthesis subsidence), one case more than 3 mm (severe prosthesis subsidence), and one case died with tumor. One case in the Mesh group decreased less than 1 mm (no prosthesis subsidence), one case more than 1 mm (mild prosthesis subsidence), 11 case more than 3 mm (severe prosthesis subsidence), one case died with tumor and one lost the follow-up. Moreover, at the end of 12 months and 24 months, there was significant difference between the two groups in severe prosthesis subsidence rate (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION: 3D-printed artificial vertebral body for anterior spinal reconstruction after total spondylectomy for patients with cervical chordoma can provide reliable spinal stability, and reduce the incidence of prosthesis subsidence after 2-year follow-up.

PMID:36718703

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023 Feb 18;55(1):101-107.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To verify the consistency between the digital manufacturing simple intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device and the traditional intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device in determining the centric relation of complete dentures restoration.

METHODS: Ten outpatients with edentulous jaws were selec-ted, and the centric relation of the patients was determined by digital manufacturing of simple intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device (T1) and traditional intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device (T2); the difference of clinical operation time between the two methods was recorded; the upper and lower edentulous jaw plaster models were scanned with two kinds of centric relation, the Standard Triangle Language (STL) files imported into Geomagic studio software to apply the best fitting of multiple points of the both upper jaw models, the fitted STL files imported into the 3 shape viewer software, and the maximum position deviations of the vertical, labial (buccal) and lingual directions of the mandibular midline area and molar areas in T1 and T2 groups measured. During the clinical complete dentures try-in, we observed whether there was midline deviation in the mouth of T1 group and T2 group, and whether the occlusion of posterior teeth was stable or not.

RESULTS: The mean time spent on determining the centric relation of T1 and T2 groups was (41.90±2.64) min, (57.50±2.37) min respectively. Paired t test was conducted in the two groups, P < 0.01 with significant statistical difference; The mean maximum position deviation between T1 group and T2 group of the midline mandibular region in labial lingual direction was (0.32±0.14) mm, that was (0.40±0.23) mm in vertical direction; the mean maximum position deviation of molar area in buccal lingual direction was (0.35±0.23) mm and that was (0.33±0.20) mm in vertical direction. In the vertical and horizontal directions, the maximum position deviation of mandibles between group T1 and group T2 was controlled within 0.5 mm. In the process of clinical complete dentures try-in, there was no deviation from the center line of dentures. There was not warping, swinging and other poor stability phenomena in T1 and T2 groups.

CONCLUSION: The digital manufacturing of simple intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device can be used to determine the centric relation of complete dentures, which can not only save time of clinical operation, but also ensure the accuracy of the centric relation.

PMID:36718696

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023 Feb 18;55(1):94-100.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study microstructure, friction and wear behaviors of silicon-lithium spray coating on the surface of zirconia ceramics and to preliminarily evaluate its esthetic so as to provide support and guidance for the clinical application.

METHODS: Zirconia ceramic specimens were randomly divided into three groups: coating group (two subgroups), polishing group (two subgroups), and glazing group (four subgroups), with 10 samples in each subgroup. The two subgroups of coating group were the zirconia ceramics with the untreated and preliminary polishing surfaces sprayed with silicon-lithium coating, respectively. The two subgroups of polishing group were preliminary polishing and fine polishing of zirconia ceramics, respectively. The four subgroups of glazing group were preliminarily polished zirconia ceramics glazed with Biomic and Stain/Glaze products, respectively; and untreated zirconia ceramics glazed with Biomic and Stain/Glaze products, respectively. The above 8 subgroups of zirconia ceramic specimens were used as friction pairs with 80 steatite ceramics for 50 000 chewing cycles under 50 N vertical load and artificial saliva lubrication using chewing simulation. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure of the surface and section of the coating group, and the thickness of the coating and glazing were measured. The linear roughness of the coating and polishing groups was mea-sured using a laser confocal scanning microscope. Vickers hardness was measured using a microhardness tester and the esthetic of zirconia ceramic full crown sprayed with silicon-lithium coating was preliminarily evaluated. White light interferometer was used to measure the width, the maximum depth and the volume of the wear scars of each group, and the wear depth of steatite ceramics and wear rate of zirconia ceramic specimens were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test and Dunn’s multiple comparisons test were used to analyze the wear depth of each group (α=0.05).

RESULTS: The microstructures of the silica-lithium spray coatings on the untreated and preliminarily polished zirconia ceramic surfaces showed the protruding defects, and the line roughness of coating group was larger than that of the polishing group. The median thickness of the silica-lithium spray coating on the preliminarily polished zirconia ceramic was 13.0 μm (interquartile range, IQR: 11.6, 17.9), while that of the silica-lithium spray coating on the untreated zirconia ceramic was 4.4 μm (IQR: 4.1, 4.7). The Vickers hardness and wear rate of the coating group were between the polishing group and the glazing group. The wear depths of the wear scars of steatite ceramics were the glazing group, coating group, and polishing group in descending order, and there was statistically significant difference between glazing and polishing groups (P < 0.05). With the increase of polishing procedure, the wear depth of steatite ceramics decreased in each subgroups. The orders of maximum depth and volume of wear scars of zirconia ceramic were the glazing group, coating group, and polishing group in descending order, and there was statistically significant difference in the maximum depth of wear scars between glazing and polishing groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The silica-lithium spray coating on the zirconia ceramic, can be used as a new method for zirconia ceramic surface treatment, because it can increase the esthetic of zirconia ceramics compared with polishing and reduce the wear of steatite ceramics compared with glazing.

PMID:36718695

West Afr J Med. 2023 Jan 30;40(1):72-77.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity (PIA) is the fourth leading risk factor in an estimated global death of 3.2 million annually. To reverse this negative impact of PIA, there is a need to increase physical activity (PA). This could be achieved through creation of awareness, promotion, and good practice of PA by healthcare workers.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate physical activity among healthcare workers (HCW) in a major tertiary hospital, southeast Nigeria.

METHODS: The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was researcher-administered to investigate PA level among consenting HCW who met the inclusion criteria. Participants were recruited from their workstations in the hospital. The questionnaire recorded age, anthropometrics, demographics, and physical activity. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages. The spearman rank correlation test was used to assess for the relationship between PA and socio-demographic factors.

RESULTS: There were 209 participants with 93 (44.5%) males and 116 (55.5%) females. The mean age was 34.32±9.88 years. Amongst different professions, Nurses were 53(25.3%), Doctors, 31 (14.8%), and Dietitians, 21 (10%), Accountants, 19 (9.1%). The majority of the participants 100 (47.8%) had physical activity level that was high (extra sufficient), 31 (14.8%) had a moderate PA level while 78 (37.3%) had a low physical activity level. There was a significant negative relationship between PA and age, marital status, number of children, and other dependents respectively, whereas there was no significant relationship between PA and gender, income, and family type.

CONCLUSION: HCWs have the minimum required PA in a week. About 63% met the minimum required PA in a week. Age, marital status, and having children or dependents reduce participation in PA. However, there is a need for conscious awareness and practice of PA among HCW in the hospital.

PMID:36716489