Category: Statistics

Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2025 Jul 21;36(3):522-534. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2025.2302. Epub 2025 Jul 21.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFBN) and proximal femoral bionic nail (PFNA) for treating intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients, with the goal of providing evidence-based recommendations for clinicians to select the most suitable internal fixation method.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a literature search in the CNKI, PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases for studies on PFBN and PFNA in treating elderly intertrochanteric femoral fractures, with a search timeframe from database inception to November 2024. Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and extracted relevant data.

RESULTS: A total of eight studies were included, involving 506 patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures, with 225 in the PFBN group and 281 in the PFNA group. The meta-analysis results indicated that the PFBN group had a significantly shorter fracture healing time compared to the PFNA group (mean difference [MD]=-0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.12 to -0.10, p<0.01), an earlier postoperative weight-bearing time (MD=-13.51, 95% CI: -22.38 to -4.64, p<0.01), and a higher Harris Hip Score postoperatively (MD=0.93, 95% CI: 0.01 to 1.86), p<0.05). However, the surgical time in the PFNA group was significantly shorter than that in the PFBN group (MD=6.19, 95% CI: 2.35 to 10.03, p<0.01), and the intraoperative blood loss was also significantly less (MD=9.61, 95% CI: 0.57 to 18.65, p<0.01). There was no significant statistically significant difference in complication rates between the two groups.

CONCLUSION: The PFBN group exhibited a significantly shorter fracture healing time, earlier postoperative weight-bearing time, and better hip function after surgery in treating elderly intertrochanteric femoral fractures. However, the surgical time and intraoperative blood loss in the PFBN group were significantly greater than those in the PFNA group. Nonetheless, there were no significant differences in complication rates between the two groups. Therefore, PFBN remains an ideal internal fixation method for treating elderly intertrochanteric femoral fractures.

PMID:40783984 | DOI:10.52312/jdrs.2025.2302

Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2025 Jul 21;36(3):501-509. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2025.2295. Epub 2025 Jul 21.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate 30-day postoperative complications and hospital readmissions across different body mass index (BMI) categories and diabetic statuses following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2013 and December 2022, a total of 502 patients (100 males, 402 females; mean age: 68.8±7.7 years; range, 45 to 91 years) who underwent primary TKA for knee osteoarthritis were retrospectively analyzed. Data collected included basic demography, BMI, diabetes mellitus (DM) status, and 30-day postoperative complications such as venous thromboembolism (VTE), infections, neurological events, cardiac events, and renal issues. Readmissions due to operative or medical complications were recorded.

RESULTS: Of the patients, 141 (28.1%) had DM and 186 (37.1%) patients were classified as obese. The obese group experienced the highest incidence of VTE (1.6%), whereas overweight patients exhibited a higher rate of renal events (1.0%). All non-diabetic underweight patients (n=2) developed postoperative hypoglycemia. Diabetic patients had significantly increased odds of VTE compared to non-diabetics (odds ratio=6.74; p=0.009). Normal BMI diabetic patients demonstrated the highest incidence of surgical site infections (7.4%), while normal BMI non-diabetic patients were more prone to foot drop (1.1%) and cardiac events (4.5%).

CONCLUSION: Elevated BMI and DM independently or in combination, contribute to higher rates of postoperative complications and readmissions following TKA.

PMID:40783982 | DOI:10.52312/jdrs.2025.2295

Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2025 Jul 21;36(3):489-500. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2025.2200. Epub 2025 Jul 21.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of a reconstruction nail combined with a percutaneous reductor-T tape pin for treating ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2013 and December 2021, a total of 25 adult patients (19 males, 6 females, mean age: 32.8±10.9 years; range, 19 to 57 years) who sustained concurrent ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures were included. The patients underwent internal fixation using a reconstruction nail with the assistance of a reductor-T tape pin, employing percutaneous techniques. The operation time, reduction time, fluoroscopy time, blood loss, preoperative and postoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, fracture union time, Harris scores of the healthy and affected sides after fracture union, complications and lower limb functional outcomes two years post-surgery were recorded.

RESULTS: All patients underwent successful surgery with the assistance of the reductor-T tape pin using percutaneous techniques without the need for open reduction. The mean operation time from skin incision to wound closure was 80.0±15.0 (range, 55 to 105) min. The mean fracture reduction time was 22.0±4.0 (range, 15 to 28) min. The mean fluoroscopy time was 16.0±3.8 (range, 9 to 25) sec. The mean blood loss was 335.0±142.0 (range, 150 to 550) mL. The postoperative VAS score of the affected limb was significantly lower than the preoperative score (p<0.01). The mean healing time of femoral neck fractures was 4.0±0.3 (range: 3.2 to 4.8) months. The mean healing time of femoral shaft fractures was 4.8±0.9 (range, 4.1 to 7.5) months. All patients were followed for over two years. No cases of delayed healing of femoral neck fractures or femoral head necrosis were observed. However, delayed union of femoral shaft fractures occurred in three patients. There was no statistically significant difference in Harris scores between the affected and healthy sides at the time of fracture healing (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The use of a reconstruction nail assisted by the percutaneous reductor-T tape pin demonstrated successful reduction of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures, with favorable postoperative functional outcomes. The reductor-T tape pin facilitates the reduction of femoral neck fractures and provides a safe environment for the reduction and fixation of femoral shaft fractures.

PMID:40783981 | DOI:10.52312/jdrs.2025.2200

Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2025 Jun 20;36(3):479-488. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2025.2230. Epub 2025 Jun 20.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: In this meta-analysis, we discuss the complication rates of conversion to total hip arthroplasty (cTHA) following failed internal fixation (IF) of femoral neck fractures (FNFs) versus primary total hip arthroplasty (pTHA).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Science Direct databases were searched for eligible publications published prior to December 2024. The search terms included “femoral neck fracture”, “internal fixation failure”, and “total hip arthroplasty”. The mean difference (MD) and risk difference (RD) were used as combined variables, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were chosen.

RESULTS: Six non-randomized-controlled clinical trials comprising 1,301 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled data revealed statistically significant differences in postoperative deep infection rates (RD=0.04; 95% CI: 0.01- 0.08; p=0.009), periprosthetic fractures (RD=0.03; 95% CI: 0.00-0.05; p=0.03), and reoperation rates (RD=0.07; 95% CI: 0.03-0.11; p=0.0002) between the cTHA and pTHA groups. However, no significant differences were observed in the incidence of postoperative dislocations (RD=0.05; 95% CI: -0.03-0.13; p=0.19), deep vein thrombosis (RD= -0.01; 95% CI: -0.04-0.03; p=0.77), superficial infections (RD=0.02; 95% CI: -0.02-0.06; p=0.37), or revision surgeries (RD=0.02; 95% CI: -0.01-0.05; p=0.13).

CONCLUSION: Compared to pTHA, cTHA following failed IF of FNFs was associated with higher deep infection, periprosthetic fractures, and reoperation rates.

PMID:40783980 | DOI:10.52312/jdrs.2025.2230

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2025 Jan;31(1):61-68.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the effect and safety of the combination of Compound Xuanju Capsules (CXC) and Western medicine (WM) in the treatment of type Ш prostatitis complicated by ED.

METHODS: We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the treatment of type Ш prostatitis complicated by ED with CXC+WM or WM in the Chinese and English databases CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Digital, Duxiu Academic Search and Chaoxing Electronic Book Information Retrieval, Fangzheng Apabi Electronic Book, Google Scholar Search, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and others from their establishment to April 2024. According to the Cochrane Handbook requirement, we subjected the identified RCTs to meta-analysis using the RevMan 5.3 software.

RESULTS: A total of 16 eligible studies were identified, involving 742 cases treated by combination therapy of CXC+WM and another 742 with WM alone. The results of meta-analysis showed that the rate of clinical effectiveness was dramatically higher in the CXC+WM than in the WM group (P<0.01, MD = 6.19, 95% CI: 4.63－8.28), and so were the IIEF-5 scores (P < 0.004, MD = 2.90, 95% CI: 0.90－4.89), while the quality of life (QOL) scores were significantly lower in the former group than in the latter (P<0.01, MD = －1.94, 95% CI: －2.47－－1.40), and so were the NIH-CPSI scores (P<0.01, MD = －3.92, 95% CI: －4.94－－2.91). No statistically significant difference was reported in the adverse reactions between the two groups (P = 0.12, MD = 0.03, 95% CI: －0.01－0.08). Publication bias analysis on the effectiveness rate of the results revealed an incomplete symmetry between the two sides of the funnel plot, indicating the possibility of publication biases.

CONCLUSION: The combination therapy of CXC+WM is superior to WM alone in the treatment of type Ш prostatitis complicated by ED for its high safety and effect of improving the patients’ erectile function, but inferior to the latter in improving the QOL and NIH-CPSI scores of the patients.

PMID:40783975

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2025 Jan;31(1):50-54.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1) score combined with PSA density (PSAD) in the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPCa) in the PSA grey zone by MRI-TRUS cognitive fusion-guided transperineal targeted prostate biopsy.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 327 male patients with total PSA (tPSA) levels of 4-10 μg/L undergoing MRI-TRUS cognitive fusion-guided transperineal targeted prostate biopsy in our hospital between January 2021 and December 2023. According to the pathological results, we divided the patients into a CSPCa (n = 44) and a non-CSPCa group (n = 283), collected their clinical and imaging data, and subjected them to statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The age, tPSA level, PSAD and PI-RADS score were significantly higher, while the free PSA (fPSA) level, f/tPSA ratio and prostate volume remarkably lower in the CSPCa than in the non-CSPCa group (P<0.05). The areas under the curve (AUCs) of PSAD, PI-RADS score and their combination were 0.772, 0.730 and 0.801, with sensitivities of 63.63%, 70.45% and 72.73%, and specificities of 84.10%, 75.62% and 83.75%, respectively (P<0.01). With PSAD 0.2 μg/(ml·cm3) as the best cut-off value and based on the PI-RADS scores, the patients were divided into two groups for analysis. In the patients with PI-RADS scores 2 and 5, the AUCs were 0.534 and 0.643, with sensitivities of 16.67% and 63.64%, and specificities of 85.14% and 64.29%, with no statistically significant differences (P= 0.784, P= 0.228), and in those with PI-RADS scores 3 and 4, the AUCs were 0.794 and 0.843, with sensitivities of 57.14% and 80.00%, and specificities of 87.14% and 81.82%, with statistically significant differences (P= 0.009, P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: PI-RADS v2.1 score combined with PSAD can effectively improve the diagnostic efficiency of CSPCa in the PSA grey zone by MRI-TRUS cognitive fusion-guided transperineal targeted prostate biopsy and serve as a guide for selection of prostate biopsy.

PMID:40783973

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2025 Jan;31(1):39-44.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of central nervous system regulation in patients with refractory overactive bladder (rOAB) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), and to analyze the differences in brain function and connection between the patients and healthy population.

METHODS: From May 1 to November 30, 2024, we performed rs-fMRI for 47 rOAB patients and another 47 matched healthy controls, documented relevant clinical data from all the participants and obtained their Overactive Bladder Symptom Scores (OABSS) and Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-Q) scores. Based on rs-fMRI, we compared the results of Independent Component Analysis (ICA), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and degree centrality (DC) between the rOAB patients and healthy controls.

RESULTS: The rOAB patients, in comparison with the healthy controls, showed dramatically higher daytime urination frequency (11.64 ± 3.85) vs (5.76 ± 0.91), nighttime urination frequency (3.72 ± 1.64) vs (0.31 ± 0.47), OABSS (8.22 ± 2.21) vs (0.64±0.78), OAB-Q1 score (20.85 ± 5.28) vs (6.78 ± 1.04), and OAB-Q2 score (45.04 ± 12.11) vs (14.51 ± 1.66) (all P<0.01). No statistically significant differences were observed in the results of ICA and ALFF between the right superior frontal and right middle frontal regions in the rOAB patients (P>0.05), but fALFF, ReHo and DC were significantly decreased in the patients compared with those in the healthy controls (P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: Compared with healthy population, the functions and connection of the frontal superior right and frontal middle right brain regions in rOAB patients are significantly down-regulated, which may serve as new therapeutic targets.

PMID:40783971

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2025 Jan;31(1):34-38.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of the short-penis treatment apparatus and wide-band infrared therapy apparatus on penile dysplasia (PDP) in children and establish objective parameters for assessing the severity of PDP.

METHODS: This study included 252 children received in the Department of pediatric urology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January to December 2023, 102 with PDP (the PDP group) and the other 150 with normal penile development (the control group), those of the former group treated with the short-penis therapeutic apparatus and wide-band infrared therapy apparatus. Before and after 30 days of treatment, we measured the flaccid penile length (FPL), stretched penile length (SPL) and penile diameters (PD) of the children, and defined the penile dysplasia index as the FPL/SPL and FPL/PD ratios.

RESULTS: The penile parameters exhibited statistically significant differences between the PDP and control groups, (FPL:［1.97±0.72］cm vs ［3.25±0.51］ cm, P<0.01; SPL:［3.80±0.81］cm vs ［5.21±0.79］cm,P<0.01).The FPL remarkably increased in the PDP group after treatment(［1.97±0.72］cm vs ［2.90±1.20］ cm, P<0.01). Both FPL and SPL were notably shorter in the PDP cases than in the controls, with the cutoff values of 0.57 and 2.09, sensitivities of 80.7% and 95.3%, and specificities of 69.6% and 82.4% for FPL/SPL and FPL/PD, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The short-penis therapeutic apparatus and wide-band infrared therapy apparatus can promote the growth and development of the penis in children. The ratio of FPL/PD can serve as an objective indicator to effectively describe the severity of penile developmental abnormalities.

PMID:40783970

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2025 Jan;31(1):19-24.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme X (LDH-X) in the changes of sperm mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in infertility patients with varicocele (VC).

METHODS: This study included 38 infertility patients with VC (VCinf), 35 non-VC infertile males (NVCinf), and 30 normal fertile men as controls. We obtained the routine semen parameters using the sperm quality analysis system, examined the contents of LDH-X in the seminal plasma and sperm with the automatic biochemical analyzer, measured the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in seminal plasma by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) colorimetry, and determined the expressions of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and LDH-X mRNA in the sperm using JC-1 fluorescence probe and RT-PCR.

RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups of subjects in age, semen pH value, semen volume and sperm concentration (P > 0.05). Compared with the normal fertile controls, the patients in the VCinf and NVCinf groups showed significantly decreased sperm motility (［52.36 ± 12.48］% vs ［34.74 ± 15.23］% vs ［25.76 ± 13.73］%, P< 0.05), percentage of progressively motile sperm (PMS) (［42.54 ± 13.58］% vs ［29.10 ± 14.17］% vs ［20.95 ± 12.33］%, P< 0.05), sperm LDH-X (［16.46 ± 5.47］ vs ［13.63 ± 4.50］ vs ［10.18 ± 3.00］ mU/106, P< 0.05), sperm MMP (［48.04 ± 11.62］% vs ［40.86 ± 12.69］% vs ［34.41 ± 13.93］%, P< 0.05) and expression of sperm LDH-X mRNA (P< 0.05). but increased seminal plasma LDH-X (［935.36 ± 229.48］ vs ［1241.05 ± 337.07］ vs ［1425.08 ± 469.35］ U/L, P< 0.05), seminal plasma/whole sperm LDH-X (［1.06 ± 0.35］ vs ［1.40 ± 0.34］ vs ［1.63 ± 0.66］, P< 0.05), and content of seminal plasma MDA (［1.10 ± 0.19］ vs ［1.59 ± 0.27］ vs ［2.00 ± 0.22］ nmol/ml, P< 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Excessive ROS in the reproductive system of VCinf patients reduces the content of MMP and causes the overflow of LDH-X out of sperm cells. Therefore the decrease of sperm LDH-X may be accompanied by that of MMP.

PMID:40783968

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2025 Jan;31(1):11-18.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of seminal plasma oxidation reduction potential (ORP), normalized oxidation-reduction potential (nORP) and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) to sperm motion parameters, and their clinical predictive value for oligoasthenozoospermia (OAZ).

METHODS: This study included 433 male subjects visiting the Clinic of Andrology in our hospital from March to May 2024. According to sperm concentration and the percentage of progressively motile sperm (PMS), we divided them into a normal control (n = 119), an oligozoospermia (OZ, n = 118), an athenozoospermia (AZ, n = 119) and an OAZ group (n = 77). Using the electrode method, we measured the seminal plasma ORP, calculated nORP=ORP/sperm concentration (mV/［10⁶/ml］), and determined DFI and high DNA chromatin sperm (HDS) by flow cytometry based on sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), followed by comparison among the four groups in age, abstinence days, semen volume, total sperm count, sperm concentration, PMS, non-progressively motile sperm (NPMS), immotile sperm (IMS), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), linearity (LIN), straightness(STR), wobble (WOB), DFI, HDS, ORP and nORP. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, we assessed the predictive value of DFI, ORP and nORP for OAZ, and analyzed the correlation of DFI, ORP and nORP to sperm motion parameters by Pearson and Spearman analyses.

RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed statistically significant differences among the four groups in semen volume, abstinence days, total sperm count, sperm concentration, PMS, NPMS, IMS, total sperm motility, VCL, VSL, VAP, STR, DFI, HDS, ORP and nORP (P < 0.05), but not in age, LIN and WOB (P > 0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the predictive value of DFI for OAZ was 0.880, with the critical value of 8.920, sensitivity of 74.8% and specificity of 88.2%; that of ORP for AZ was 0.698, with the critical value of 155.375, sensitivity of 70.6% and specificity of 64.7%; and that of nORP for OZ was 0.999, with the critical value of 9.844, sensitivity of 98.3% and specificity of 99.2%. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses showed that DFI was correlated positively with age, abstinence days, semen volume, IMS, HDS and ORP, but negatively with PMS, NPMS, total sperm motility, VCL, VSL, VAP and STR; ORP positively with abstinence days, semen volume, IMS, DFI and nORP, but negatively with PMS, NPMS, total sperm motility, VSL, LIN and STR; and nORP positively with HDS, but negatively with abstinence days, total sperm count, sperm concentration, PMS and NPMS.

CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress (OS) may be an important pathological factor for elevated ORP, increased DFI and changes of routine sperm motion parameters, consequently leading to OAZ. As OS markers, DFI and ORP have a high predictive value for OS-induced OAZ.

PMID:40783967