Category: Statistics

PLoS One. 2022 Jul 27;17(7):e0270750. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270750. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

In this paper two prediction methods are used to predict the non-observed (censored) units under progressive Type-II censored samples. The lifetimes of the units follow Marshall-Olkin Pareto distribution. We observe the posterior predictive density of the non-observed units and construct predictive intervals as well. Furthermore, we provide inference on the unknown parameters of the Marshall-Olkin model, so we observe point and interval estimation by using maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation methods. Bayes estimation methods are obtained under quadratic loss function. EM algorithm is used to obtain numerical values of the Maximum likelihood method and Gibbs and the Monte Carlo Markov chain techniques are utilized for Bayesian calculations. A simulation study is performed to evaluate the performance of the estimators with respect to the mean square errors and the biases. Finally, we find the best prediction method by implementing a real data example under progressive Type-II censoring schemes.

PMID:35895723 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0270750

Indian J Pediatr. 2022 Jul 27. doi: 10.1007/s12098-022-04132-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To translate Quality of Life of the Infant (QUALIN), cross-culturally adapt the Hindi version of QUALIN (Hi-QUALIN), and evaluate its psychometric properties in children.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed at the tertiary-care center in North India over 21 mo (April 2019 to January 2021). Healthy children (aged 3 to 36 mo) visiting the hospital for vaccination, minor ailments, routine health checkup, and accompanying an ill sibling were included. Children with infantile spasms in same age group were also included. Hindi translations were carried out by bilingual translators who could fluently communicate and write in Hindi and English. Standard Hindi was used to avoid the misinterpretation or misunderstanding. Discriminant and Construct validity was determined utilizing the known-groups method and factor analysis. Reliability was analysed as internal consistency and test-retest reliability.

RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty-four children were recruited through opportunity sample selection method with statistically significant difference between healthy and unhealthy children in total score of Hi-QUALIN (3-12 mo) and (13-36 mo). Finally, Hi-QUALIN (3-12 mo and 13-36 mo) consisted of 29 and 30 items constituting the five extracted factors respectively. Overall internal consistency was excellent (α = 0.92 and 0.88, respectively). Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were 0.84 (95% CI: 0.78-0.89; p <0.0001) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.93-0.96; p <0.0001) indicating excellent test-retest reliability.

CONCLUSIONS: Hi-QUALIN has good psychometric properties and can be used for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measurement in young children.

PMID:35895280 | DOI:10.1007/s12098-022-04132-0

Obes Surg. 2022 Jul 27. doi: 10.1007/s11695-022-06216-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Bariatric surgery is an efficacious intervention for substantial and sustained weight reduction in individuals with morbid obesity resulting in health improvements. However, the changes to a patient’s health related quality of life (HRQoL) in the medium to longer term after bariatric surgery have not been adequately characterized. Our aim was to evaluate the change to patient HRQoL 5 years following bariatric surgery in an Australian government-funded hospital system and determine the significance of relationships between change in physical and mental assessment scores and HRQoL utility scores.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a longitudinal panel study of 81 adult patients who underwent primary bariatric surgery at an Australian tertiary government-funded hospital and completed multi-attribute utility (MAU), multi-attribute non-utility (MA), and disease-specific adjusted quality of life (AQoL) questionnaires before and after bariatric surgery.

RESULTS: At a mean (SD) 5.72 (1.07) years postbariatric surgery, participants demonstrated statistically significant improvements in mean AQoL-8D utility (0.135 (0.21); P < 0.0001), yielding a mean 3.2 (1.67) QALYs gained. Beck Depression Inventory-II scores improved (baseline mean 17.35 (9.57); 5-year mean 14.7 (11.57); P = 0.037). Short Form-36 scores improved in the domains of physical functioning and role limitations due to physical health and general health. Change in depression scores and patient satisfaction with surgery were found to be significant predictors of follow up AQoL utility scores.

CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery improves physical and psychological quality of life measures over 5 years. The improvement of patient QALYs provide insight to the potential cost utility of publicly funded bariatric surgery in the medium term.

PMID:35895247 | DOI:10.1007/s11695-022-06216-4

Cancer Causes Control. 2022 Jul 27. doi: 10.1007/s10552-022-01610-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between fertility drugs and tumors of the central nervous system (CNS).

METHODS: This cohort study was based on The Danish Infertility Cohort and included 148,016 infertile women living in Denmark (1995-2017). The study cohort was linked to national registers to obtain information on use of specific fertility drugs, cancer diagnoses, covariates, emigration, and vital status. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all CNS tumors and separately for gliomas, meningiomas and diverse benign tumors of the brain and other parts of the CNS.

RESULTS: During a median 11.3 years of follow-up, 328 women were diagnosed with CNS tumors. No marked associations were observed between use of the fertility drugs clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor modulators and progesterone and CNS tumors. However, use of human chorionic gonadotropin was associated with a decreased rate of meningiomas (HR 0.49 95% CI 0.28-0.87). No clear associations with CNS tumors were observed according to time since first use or cumulative dose for any of the fertility drugs.

CONCLUSION: No associations between use of most types of fertility drugs and CNS tumors were observed. However, our findings only apply to premenopausal women and additional studies with longer follow-up time are necessary.

PMID:35895242 | DOI:10.1007/s10552-022-01610-w

J Cancer Surviv. 2022 Jul 27. doi: 10.1007/s11764-022-01231-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: All Commission on Cancer-accredited comprehensive cancer centers offer survivorship programs (SPs) to women upon completion of treatment. These SPs can include clinical and non-clinical programming such as physical rehabilitation, emotional and psychosocial support, nutrition, and exercise programming. Concern about the availability and access to these programs during the COVID-19 pandemic has been described in recent literature. We sought to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on participation in these supportive services for breast cancer patients within a single institution.

METHODS: The Ohio State University tertiary care center offers clinical and non-clinical breast cancer support services. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize referral and patient participation data from January 2019 through July 2021. Data from calendar year 2019 was used as a normative comparison for pre-COVID-19. In-person and telehealth use was tracked longitudinally.

RESULTS: During the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic (March through May 2020), provider referrals to SPs declined by 10%, while the overall total for the calendar year modestly increased from 1195 in 2019 to 1210 in 2020, representing a 1.3% increase. Psycho-oncology referrals increased from 280 to 318 (13.5%). The most significant change of participation rates in non-clinical SPs during the pandemic was utilization of exercise content, which increased by 220% from 2019 to 2020. The total proportion of breast cancer participants choosing an exercise program increased from 16.8% in 2019 to 42.2% in 2021, making it the most selected program area overall. Previously, nutrition was the most selected program area as it comprised 42.5% of overall utilization in 2019.

CONCLUSION: The pandemic’s potential to place barriers to participation in SPs is a legitimate concern. We found a modest decline in provider referrals to clinical services during the lockdown period, while patient-directed participation increased with more survivors engaging in exercise-based programs. Transitioning to virtual platforms served to maintain access for patients.

IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: As we grapple with the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with cancer deserve increased attention due to the expected stressors associated with the diagnosis. Those in the survivorship stage utilize services for psychosocial support, and the observed increase in utilization of SPs suggests an elevated need for connectivity. To meet this need, telehealth platforms have been expanded to allow for continued participation. It remains to be seen whether this will be sustained post-COVID-19 or whether reduced human contact will create new needs for programming.

PMID:35895236 | DOI:10.1007/s11764-022-01231-x

J Relig Health. 2022 Jul 27. doi: 10.1007/s10943-022-01613-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine the spiritual care needs of patients with urinary incontinence and various influencing factors. Determining the spiritual care needs of individuals with urinary incontinence may make patients feel more hopeful, peaceful, and stronger. It can also encourage individuals towards positive health behaviors, and can help nurses in choosing appropriate coping methods. A descriptive and cross sectional study was conducted with 220 patients with urinary incontinence who applied to the urology outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Turkey. In the study, data were collected using the descriptive features form, the incontinence severity index, and the Spiritual Care Needs Inventory. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to evaluate the data. This study is reported following the STROBE recommendations. In this study, mean scores of the patients’ spiritual care needs scale and the severity of incontinence, age, gender, and the effect of urinary incontinence on daily life, determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the state of being disturbed by urinary incontinence, the state of performing religious rituals regularly, the state of incontinence affecting religious rituals, the importance of religious beliefs in daily life, and the level of defining spirituality (p < 0.05). In this study, it was determined that the spiritual care need scores of the patients with urinary incontinence were above the medium level, and the sub-dimension scores of meaning and hope, caring, and respect were high. In this context, it is very important to consider the spiritual care needs of patients with urinary incontinence problems.

PMID:35895231 | DOI:10.1007/s10943-022-01613-6

Genes Genomics. 2022 Jul 27. doi: 10.1007/s13258-022-01286-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that has several potential causes; however, the genetic association has recently begun to be studied.

OBJECTIVES: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is an essential component of the immune response, and in this study, we conducted a correlation analysis to determine whether genetic polymorphisms of HLA and drinking habits affect hepatitis development.

METHODS: Genetic polymorphisms of HLA were investigated using Korean genomic and epidemiological data. A gene association study was performed using PLINK version 1.07. Other statistical analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using PASW Statistics version 18.0.

RESULTS: Thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HLA-DRA showed significant statistical correlations with hepatitis. In particular, rs9268645 showed the highest statistical association with hepatitis (P = 3.97 × 10^-5, odds ratio [OR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61-0.84). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, when considering only genetic factors, the A allele of rs9268644 showed a reduced hepatitis OR of approximately 0.52-fold. However, the group carrying the minor A allele (AA + AC) with alcohol consumption had an approximately 1.58-fold OR of hepatitis compared to that of the group carrying the same allele with no alcohol consumption. This implies that the A allele of rs9268644 has a protective effect on hepatitis by genetic factors and shows sensitivity to alcohol.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that hepatitis is influenced by both genetic and external factors (drinking habits), which can provide new guidelines for the prevention or treatment of hepatitis.

PMID:35895219 | DOI:10.1007/s13258-022-01286-1

Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2539:269-296. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2537-8_21.

ABSTRACT

The advent of plant phenomics, coupled with the wealth of genotypic data generated by next-generation sequencing technologies, provides exciting new resources for investigations into and improvement of complex traits. However, these new technologies also bring new challenges in quantitative genetics, namely, a need for the development of robust frameworks that can accommodate these high-dimensional data. In this chapter, we describe methods for the statistical analysis of high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) data with the goal of enhancing the prediction accuracy of genomic selection (GS). Following the Introduction in Sec. 1, Sec. 2 discusses field-based HTP, including the use of unoccupied aerial vehicles and light detection and ranging, as well as how we can achieve increased genetic gain by utilizing image data derived from HTP. Section 3 considers extending commonly used GS models to integrate HTP data as covariates associated with the principal trait response, such as yield. Particular focus is placed on single-trait, multi-trait, and genotype by environment interaction models. One unique aspect of HTP data is that phenomics platforms often produce large-scale data with high spatial and temporal resolution for capturing dynamic growth, development, and stress responses. Section 4 discusses the utility of a random regression model for performing longitudinal modeling. The chapter concludes with a discussion of some standing issues.

PMID:35895210 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-2537-8_21

Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2539:261-268. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2537-8_20.

ABSTRACT

Environmental factors, including different stresses, can have an impact on the expression of genes and subsequently the phenotype and development of plants. Since a large number of genes are involved in response to the perturbation of the environment, identifying groups of co-expressed genes is meaningful. The gene co-expression network models can be used for the exploration, interpretation, and identification of genes responding to environmental changes. Once a gene co-expression network is constructed, one can determine gene modules and the association of gene modules to the phenotypic response. To link modules to phenotype, one approach is to find the correlated eigengenes of given modules or to integrate all eigengenes in regularized linear model. This manuscript describes the method from construction of co-expression network, module discovery, association between modules and phenotypic data, and finally to annotation/visualization.

PMID:35895209 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-2537-8_20

Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2539:57-68. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2537-8_7.

ABSTRACT

It is essential that the scientific community develop and deploy accurate and high-throughput techniques to capture factors that influence plant phenotypes if we are to meet the projected demands for food and energy. In recognition of this fact, multiple research institutions have invested in automated high-throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP) systems designed for use in controlled environments. These systems can generate large amounts of data in relatively short periods of time, potentially allowing researchers to gain insights about phenotypic responses to environmental, biological, and management factors. Reliable inferences about these factors depends on the use of proper experimental design when planning phenotypic studies in order to avoid issues such as lack of power and confounding. In this chapter, the topic of experimental design will be discussed, from basic principles to examples specific to controlled environment plant phenotyping. Examples will be provided based on the package agricolae in the R statistical language.

PMID:35895196 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-2537-8_7