Category: Statistics

J Interpers Violence. 2025 Sep 11:8862605251360030. doi: 10.1177/08862605251360030. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Families living in heavily policed and incarcerated communities bear a disproportionate burden of intimate partner violence (IPV), with serious consequences for children. Incidents of IPV may bring parents into contact with the criminal legal system, but parents’ criminal legal system contact (whether for IPV or other charges) may also precipitate IPV. This study examines the bidirectional relationship between inter-parental IPV and fathers’ contact with the criminal legal system, using data collected from young parents in the Future of Families and Child Well-being Study (N = 4,898) when their children were ages 1, 3, 5, and 9. Autoregressive cross-lagged model results indicate that paternal incarceration (for any charge) predicts later maternal IPV victimization and that maternal IPV victimization predicts later paternal incarceration. Observed effects diminish over the child’s early years and are statistically insignificant by age 9. Beta values indicate that incarceration is a stronger predictor of later IPV than IPV is of later jailing or imprisonment. Extending prior empirical work on IPV and the legal system-traditionally focused more on outcomes of domestic violence calls for service, protective orders, and domestic violence criminal adjudication than on IPV-impacted families’ broader encounters with the legal system-this study suggests that in a time of mass incarceration, fathers’ broader criminal legal system contact may exacerbate early childhood IPV exposure.

PMID:40932691 | DOI:10.1177/08862605251360030

Radiol Med. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1007/s11547-025-02089-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We aimed to systematically review the studies that utilized deep learning (DL)-based networks to predict hematoma expansion (HE) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using computed tomography (CT) images.

METHODS: We carried out a comprehensive literature search across four major databases to identify relevant studies. To evaluate the quality of the included studies, we used both the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) and the METhodological RadiomICs Score (METRICS) checklists. We then calculated pooled diagnostic estimates and assessed heterogeneity using the I² statistic. To assess the sources of heterogeneity, effects of individual studies, and publication bias, we performed subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and Deek’s asymmetry test.

RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 11 and 6 were utilized for exclusive DL and combined DL meta-analyses, respectively. We found pooled sensitivity of 0.81 and 0.84, specificity of 0.79 and 0.91, positive diagnostic likelihood ratio (DLR) of 3.96 and 9.40, negative DLR of 0.23 and 0.18, diagnostic odds ratio of 16.97 and 53.51, and area under the curve of 0.87 and 0.89 for exclusive DL-based and combined DL-based models, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed significant inter-group differences according to the segmentation technique and study quality.

CONCLUSION: DL-based networks showed strong potential in accurately identifying HE in ICH patients. These models may guide earlier targeted interventions such as intensive blood pressure control or administration of hemostatic drugs, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.

PMID:40932678 | DOI:10.1007/s11547-025-02089-6

Spine Deform. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1007/s43390-025-01175-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Anterior vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a viable option for children with idiopathic scoliosis. Treating double major curves with bilateral VBT may allow patients to avoid spinal fusion while improving the coronal Cobb angle.

METHODS: A single center retrospective study was conducted to identify all patients who underwent bilateral VBT (lowest instrumented vertebra L3 or 4) with minimum 2-year follow-up. Clinical and radiographic parameters were collected, including complications and reoperations. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing Students’ t-test.

RESULTS: Seventy-three patients (67 female, 91.8%) underwent bilateral VBT with mean follow-up of 4.2 ± 1.5 years. Preoperatively, all patients were skeletally immature (age 12.7 ± 1.2 years with a Sanders score of 3.3 ± 0.8 and Risser grade of 0.6 ± 0.8). The preoperative lumbar Cobb angle was 51.1° ± 7.9° which corrected to 20.7° ± 11.3° at most recent follow-up (p < 0.01) and the thoracic Cobb angle measured 52.3° ± 9.0° which corrected to 27.0° ± 11.3° (p < 0.01) at most recent follow-up. At latest follow-up, 51/73 (69.9%) had a thoracic Cobb angle <30°, 59/73 patients (80.8%) had a lumbar Cobb angle <30°, and 47/73 (64.4%) had both thoracic and lumbar Cobb angles <30°. 15 patients (20.5%) underwent 17 reoperations with overcorrection being the most common indication (8/17, 47.1%). Broken tethers led to reoperation in 3/17 instances (17.6%). Five patients (6.8%) eventually required posterior spinal fusion.

CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral VBT is a safe procedure and may be a viable option for patients with double curves, with the majority of curves measuring <30° at most recent follow-up. Surgeons can use these data to help patients and parents make informed decisions regarding treatment options.

PMID:40932668 | DOI:10.1007/s43390-025-01175-z

Nervenarzt. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1007/s00115-025-01877-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

With the introduction of the 11th revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) “International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems” (ICD-11), structural and content-related adjustments were made to the diagnostic guidelines for affective disorders, which are presented in this review article. The update has resulted in some changes to the diagnostic classification of affective disorders, based on the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5). The ICD-11 assigns depressive symptoms to so-called clusters, the main symptoms of depressed mood and joylessness can be accompanied by cognitive, behavioral or neurovegetative symptoms. In the case of remission of depressive episodes, the ICD-11 distinguishes between partial and complete remission. A persistent depressive disorder is present if the depressive episode lasts continuously for more than 2 years. In future, bipolar disorder will be divided into type I and type II. Manic episodes can still only be coded in the context of bipolar disorders and cannot be diagnosed as an independent, separate disorder. The concept of persistent affective disorders in the ICD-10 is abandoned, dysthymia is categorized as a depressive disorder and cyclothymia as a bipolar disorder.

PMID:40932648 | DOI:10.1007/s00115-025-01877-9

J Neurooncol. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1007/s11060-025-05218-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Surveillance of patient outcomes with real-world data is essential to uncover regional disparities in clinical practice or quality of care. This study explored survival differences among glioblastoma patients in Norway and investigated the role of demographic and treatment factors.

METHODS: We analyzed real-world data from the Norwegian Cancer Registry on 1158 adults with histologically confirmed glioblastoma during 2019-2023. Surgical treatment rates per 100,000 inhabitants per region (South-East, West, Mid, North) were compared using adjusted Poisson models. Full treatment included surgical resection, radiotherapy (≥ 55 Gy for ≤ 70 years; ≥30 Gy for > 70 years), and temozolomide. Standardized survival was estimated with flexible parametric models, standardized for age, sex, year, and distances to treatment facilities.

RESULTS: Patients from the North were older and lived further from treatment centers. For patients aged 18-70, treatment and survival did not significantly differ across regions; national median standardized survival was 14.4 months (95%CI:13.6-15.2). For elderly patients (71-89 years), the North demonstrated a higher surgical treatment rate (rate ratio = 1.32; 95%CI = 0.99-1.77), but lesser use of postoperative radiotherapy and temozolomide. Median standardized survival for elderly patients in the North was 4.5 months (95%CI: 3.5-5.7) versus 7.7 (6.9-8.6) months nationally. Early mortality was particularly high for elderly patients in the North, yet those surviving beyond six months matched other regions’ survival probability.

CONCLUSION: Lower glioblastoma survival in the North was associated with higher early mortality among elderly patients, likely due to selecting frailer patients for surgery, who less often subsequently received anti-neoplastic treatment.

PMID:40932639 | DOI:10.1007/s11060-025-05218-3

Psychol Res. 2025 Sep 11;89(5):141. doi: 10.1007/s00426-025-02153-w.

ABSTRACT

Congenital amusia is a neurodevelopmental disorder resulting in impaired pitch perception and memory. Here we investigated whether participants with congenital amusia have deficits in temporal processing of auditory information, in addition to pitch processing deficits. Individuals with amusia (n = 19) and matched controls (n = 21) were presented with sequences of five tones in which one tone was sometimes shifted in pitch or in time, and we adaptively assessed psychophysical thresholds for detecting these shifts. Pitch thresholds of the amusia group were higher (i.e., worse) than those of the control group as expected, and, crucially, time thresholds were too, although the group difference for time thresholds was smaller. Across participants, time thresholds correlated with pitch thresholds. Principal component analysis revealed that all pitch- and time-related variables (thresholds and amusia battery scores) were correlated to one component that also distinguished between amusics and controls; whereas a second component captured additional variability on the time task. Simulations suggest that prior studies had not found these time processing deficits because they had less statistical power, likely due to smaller sample sizes. The observed time processing deficit is in agreement with amusic individuals’ subjective reports about their difficulties following the rhythm of the music. These data suggest that amusia deficits are not restricted to pitch, but extend to the time domain, yet with a smaller effect size, and at least when the stimuli have a clear pitch content, such as for tone sequences or music.

PMID:40932635 | DOI:10.1007/s00426-025-02153-w

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1007/s10549-025-07794-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: This study examines the intermittent discontinuation of palbociclib based on its availability and its clinical outcomes during the Lebanese economic crisis in patients with metastatic Breast Cancer (BC) HR+ between the years 2019 and 2023.

METHODS: This study carries out a retrospective analysis on 46 patients treated with palbociclib – Letrozole during the years 2019 and 2023 in Lebanon. It used descriptive tables and figures to summarize demographic, clinical, and outcome characteristics. It analyzed the data using Student T test for parametric variables, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests for non-parametric variables, and Chi-squared and Fisher tests for qualitative variables. Pearson’s correlation and regression models were used to associate between the intermittent administration of palbociclib and its clinical outcomes.

RESULTS: Our sample had a mean age of 59.33 +/-13.27 years. 87% had ductal carcinomas and 13% had lobular carcinomas. 52.2% of patients had treatment for their metastases prior to palbociclib, and a discontinuation was observed in 63.1 %. Intermittent discontinuation is associated with advanced age (p=0.048) and statistically reduces PFS (p=0.026). The intermittent drug intake also affects PFS (p=0.03) but has no effect on the disease progression.

CONCLUSION: This study is the only research in the world focused on intermittent intake of palbociclib. The intermittent discontinuation of palbociclib is influenced by age and affects the PFS. These results highlight the significance of adherence and protocol compliance.

PMID:40932628 | DOI:10.1007/s10549-025-07794-4

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2025 Sep 11;35(1):391. doi: 10.1007/s00590-025-04516-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Multi-ligament knee injuries (MLKIs) are debilitating injuries, often managed with surgical reconstruction. Our purpose was to determine whether acute or delayed reconstruction led to better functional and patient-reported outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: An institutional dataset was queried for patients who underwent MLKI reconstruction from 2012 to 2019 and completed postoperative functional and patient-reported outcome surveys with minimum 2-year follow-up. Exclusion criteria included single ligament reconstruction, revision surgery, and periarticular tumors. Patient-reported outcomes measurement system (PROMIS) and multi-ligament quality of life (ML-QoL) outcomes were compared between patients who underwent acute (< 2 weeks) and delayed (> 2 weeks) reconstruction.

RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were included for analysis (16 acute, 17 delayed): mean follow-up 3.6 years, mean BMI 29.8 ± 5.9, mean age 37.7 ± 13.5, sex: 19(58%) females, 14(42%) males. At final follow-up, there was no statistical difference between groups in most PROMIS scores, including Lysholm knee score (63 vs. 72, p = 0.13), pain (53 vs. 47, p = 0.11), or mobility (45 vs. 49, p = 0.18). Patients who underwent delayed reconstruction demonstrated significantly higher physical function scores (46 vs. 53, p = 0.05). There was no statistical difference in majority of ML-QoL scores, including physical impairments (42 vs. 29, p = 0.09), emotional impairments (45 vs. 30, p = 0.12), and societal involvement (38 vs. 24, p = 0.09). Patients who underwent acute reconstruction reported statistically greater activity limitations than delayed reconstruction (36 vs. 21, p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in complication rates between groups.

CONCLUSION: Delayed MLKI reconstruction had comparable results to acute reconstruction for PROMIS and ML-QoL outcomes, and had greater physical function and lower activity limitation postoperatively. These data demonstrate that delayed reconstruction may be an appropriate management option for MLKI reconstruction.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, Retrospective Cohort study.

PMID:40932627 | DOI:10.1007/s00590-025-04516-w

CNS Drugs. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1007/s40263-025-01225-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Individuals with schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorder (SUD) often experience poor treatment adherence, leading to worse clinical outcomes. However, high-quality evidence from randomized trials on the preferred mode of antipsychotic treatment in this population remains limited.

AIMS: The aim was to examine whether long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic treatment reduces the risk of all-cause discontinuation (ACD) compared with oral antipsychotics in individuals with early phase schizophrenia and comorbid SUD.

METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of the European Long-Acting Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia Trial (EULAST), a multisite, randomized, open-label trial conducted across multiple European healthcare settings. A total of 471 individuals with early phase schizophrenia were included in this secondary analysis, stratified by presence (n = 143) or absence (n = 328) of comorbid SUD. The observation period lasted 18 months. Participants were randomly assigned to second-generation LAI or oral second-generation antipsychotic treatment. The primary outcome was ACD, an indirect measure of treatment efficacy, defined as discontinuation of the initially assigned treatment for any reason. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for relevant covariates.

RESULTS: Among 143 individuals with schizophrenia and SUD, LAI treatment was associated with a 36% lower risk of ACD compared with oral antipsychotics (adjusted HR = 0.641; 95% CI, 0.438-0.938; P = 0.022). Kaplan-Meier curves showed longer median time to ACD for LAI treatment (158 days) versus oral antipsychotics (97 days). By contrast, among the 328 individuals without SUD, LAI treatment did not significantly reduce ACD risk (P = 0.282). Crude HRs were also assessed, replicating the adjusted hazard findings.

CONCLUSIONS: LAI antipsychotics significantly delayed treatment discontinuation compared with oral antipsychotics in participants with early phase schizophrenia and comorbid SUD but not in those without SUD. While these findings provide robust evidence supporting the use of LAIs in people with schizophrenia and comorbid SUD, future studies are needed to more precisely quantify the potential clinical benefits and tolerability of LAIs in this high-risk population. EULAST was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02146547).

PMID:40932600 | DOI:10.1007/s40263-025-01225-0

Mol Biol Rep. 2025 Sep 11;52(1):896. doi: 10.1007/s11033-025-11002-3.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection and a major cause of genital warts and anogenital cancers in both sexes. This study assessed HPV genotype distribution in a large outpatient population in southwestern Iran to inform preventive strategies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 10,739 outpatient samples were collected from 2018 to 2023. Specimens included urine from men and vaginal swabs from women with normal cytology. HPV genotypes were assessed using DNA extraction, PCR and Direct Flow Chip method.

RESULTS: HPV prevalence was 41.6% (94.8% in females, 5.2% in males). Women had a higher positivity rate (42.0%) than men (34.2%). The highest prevalence (44.3%) occurred in the 31-40 age group. High-risk types were present in 65.8% of positive cases. Women were more affected by high-risk genotypes, while low-risk types predominated in men. The most frequent high-risk genotypes were HPV-16, -53, -52, -66, and – 39; the most common low-risk types were HPV-6, -54, -42, -62, and – 44. Most individuals had a single infection. Mixed infections, more common in women, often involved both high- and low-risk types and showed greater diversity with age.

CONCLUSION: HPV prevalence, particularly of high-risk types, is notably high among women in southwestern Iran. The peak age of infection is higher than in developed countries. Differences in genotype distribution compared to American and other Iranian studies highlight the need for region-specific vaccination strategies targeting locally prevalent genotypes.

PMID:40932599 | DOI:10.1007/s11033-025-11002-3