Category: Statistics

Hip Int. 2021 Apr 8:11207000211006778. doi: 10.1177/11207000211006778. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: (1) To compare the pre- and postoperative driving performance in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS); (2) to examine the differences in driving performance between patients with versus without capsular repair.

METHODS: Patients who underwent arthroscopic hip surgery for FAIS were included. Driving performance of participating patients was collected using a driving simulator preoperatively and at 2 weeks, 4-6 weeks and 8-12 weeks postoperatively. Data collected included demographics, surgery laterality, intraoperative procedures, left and right turn reaction time, total turn reaction time, gas off time (GOF), and break reaction time (BRT). Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: 21 subjects (9 males, 12 females) with a mean age of 30 ± 9 years were included and 57.1% of the subjects had right-sided surgery. There was no difference between the mean preoperative and the 2-week postoperative left (0.72 seconds and 0.75 seconds, respectively) right (0.77 seconds and 0.75 seconds, respectively), and total (0.74 seconds and 0.75 seconds, respectively) turn reaction times as well as GOF (0.62 seconds and 0.60 seconds, respectively) and BRT (0.92 seconds and 0.93 seconds, respectively), indicating that the patients’ driving performance returned to the preoperative level as early as 2 weeks following hip arthroscopy for FAIS. There was no significant difference amongst any of the driving variables between patients who underwent capsular repair (50%) and those who did not. There was no significant difference amongst any of the driving variable s between patients who underwent left versus right hip arthroscopy.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients’ driving performance returns to the preoperative level as early as 2 weeks after hip arthroscopy for FAIS. Surgery laterality nor capsular repair make any significant difference in the time for driving abilities to return to baseline. The impact of intraoperative procedures performed, and the analgesic medications used postoperatively on the driving ability of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy warrants further investigation in larger patient populations.

PMID:33829903 | DOI:10.1177/11207000211006778

Hip Int. 2021 Apr 8:11207000211004862. doi: 10.1177/11207000211004862. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The modified Dunn procedure (MDP) has risen enthusiasm in treating slipped capital femoral epiphyses (SCFE) due to the anatomic reduction and high patients’ satisfaction rates at long-term follow-up. Main aim of this study is to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of 2 cohorts with moderate to severe stable SCFE treated by MDP and in situ fixation.

METHODS: Medical records were analysed to collect demographic data, comorbidities and time from slip to surgery. The collected postoperative data were: avascular necrosis (AVN); complications; progression of osteoarthritis and subsequent procedures. Southwick angles (SA), alpha angles and Klein line were measured on the preoperative x-rays, on the immediate postoperative period and at the latest follow-up. Outcomes scores were recorded by the following questionnaires: the Harris Hip Score, the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, the Merle d’Aubigné and Postel score and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index. Kaplan-Meier survivorship curve was calculated.

RESULTS: We compared 81 hips treated by MDP with 22 hips treated by in situ pinning (PS) for moderate/severe stable SCFE. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in terms of age, BMI, comorbidities and preoperative slip angles. At the latest follow-up, postoperative anteroposterior mean slip angles were respectively 6.2 and 19.9° in MDP and PS group (p = 0.3). Slip angles in frog lateral view were 11° in the MDP group and 39.7° in the PS group (p = 0.2). MDP group achieved better correction angles on frog leg view (11° vs. 39.7°; p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of AVN among both groups (19.7% MDP group vs. 31.8% PS group) (p = 0.2).

CONCLUSIONS: The MDP in treating severe stable SCFE showed the best deformities corrections in conjunction with the highest functional scores at long-term follow-up and similar rates of osteonecrosis compared to in situ fixation.

PMID:33829904 | DOI:10.1177/11207000211004862

Psychol Assess. 2021 Apr 8. doi: 10.1037/pas0001012. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Interoception is essential for the maintenance of physical and mental health. Paradigms assessing cardioceptive accuracy do not separate sensitivity from bias or are very demanding. We present the piloting (study 1; N = 60) and psychometric evaluation and validation (study 2; N = 84) of a novel task for the assessment of cardiac interoceptive perception following the principles of signal detection theory. By disentangling sensitivity and response bias, we demonstrate that the previously used interoceptive accuracy score of the heartbeat mental tracking task represents an amalgam of sensitivity and response bias. The new task demonstrated adequate test-retest reliabilities for sensitivity (d‘) and response bias (c). Sensitivity was inversely related (β = -.36) to somatic symptom distress after statistically controlling for response bias. The novel cardiovascular signal detection task is easy to implement, feasible, and promising in terms of unraveling the role of (cardiac) interoceptive perception in psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:33829843 | DOI:10.1037/pas0001012

Psychol Aging. 2021 Apr 8. doi: 10.1037/pag0000600. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The present meta-analysis analyzed how the gap between subjective age and chronological age changes across the life-span and whether the size of this gap varies across regions of the globe. In addition, we tested for sources of the national differences. A systematic search in electronic databases (PsycInfo, Medline, Google Scholar, PSYNDEX) and cross-referencing identified 294 studies (with mean age ranging from 8 to 105 years) that were included in random-effects meta-analyses. While children felt about 3 years or 34% older than their chronological age, older adults (60+ years) felt, on average, between 10.74 and 21.07 years or 13%-18% younger. Associations between chronological age and the size of proportional differences between subjective and chronological were best described as a quadratic relationship, while associations with the size of absolute differences could also be described as a linear relationship. The widening of the gap between subjective age and chronological age across adulthood was found in all continents. Although adults reported a relatively younger subjective age across the globe, these differences were strongest in North America, Western Europe, and Australia/Oceania, and weakest in Africa. The regional differences disappeared after statistically controlling for national levels of individualism-collectivism, power distance, preference for young people rather than older adults, and quality of life of older people. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:33829847 | DOI:10.1037/pag0000600

Phytopathology. 2021 Apr 8. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-11-20-0492-R. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Hop powdery mildew, caused by the ascomycete fungus Podosphaera macularis is a consistent threat to sustainable hop production. The pathogen utilizes two reproductive strategies for overwintering and perennation: (i) asexual vegetative hyphae on dormant buds that emerge the following season as infected shoots; and (ii) sexual ascocarps (chasmothecia), which are presumed to discharge ascospores during spring rain events. We demonstrate that P. macularis chasmothecia, in the absence of any asexual P. macularis growth forms, are a viable overwintering source capable of causing early season infection two to three orders of magnitude greater than that reported for perennation via asexual growth. Two epidemiological models were defined that describe (i) temperature-driven maturation of P. macularis chasmothecia; and (ii) ascosporic discharge in response to the duration of leaf wetness and prevailing temperatures. Podosphaera macularis ascospores were confirmed to be infectious at temperatures ranging from 5 to 20°C. The organism’s chasmothecia were also found to adhere tightly to the host tissue on which they formed, suggesting that these structures likely overwinter wherever hop tissue senesces within a hop yard. These observations suggest that existing early season disease management practices are especially crucial to controlling hop powdery mildew in the presence of P. macularis chasmothecia. Furthermore, these insights provide a baseline for the validation of weather driven models describing maturation and release of P. macularis ascospores that can eventually be incorporated into hop disease management programs.

PMID:33829855 | DOI:10.1094/PHYTO-11-20-0492-R

Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2021 Apr 8. doi: 10.1037/ort0000545. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In the United States, Muslims have increasingly been the targets of discrimination. While prior research suggests that increased perceived discrimination is associated with elevated depression and anxiety symptoms in this population, no existing studies have explored whether this relationship is mediated by acculturative stress, and few have examined potential moderating factors. This study aimed to investigate whether acculturative stress mediates the relationship between perceived discrimination and depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as examine the moderating roles of Muslim identity and religious support. Participants included 205 Muslim college students, who completed an online survey. Findings revealed that the indirect effect of perceived discrimination on depression and anxiety symptoms via acculturative stress was statistically significant. In addition, religious support emerged as a significant moderator, with higher levels of religious support increasing the strength of the indirect effect on depression and anxiety symptoms. The results suggest clinicians and higher education staff working with Muslim college students should assess for perceptions of discrimination and acculturative stress, as well as examine the role that religious support plays in that individual’s life. Future research should examine how discrimination, acculturative stress, and involvement in one’s religious congregation affect mental health outcomes, as well as investigate whether these findings are generalizable to other religions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:33829813 | DOI:10.1037/ort0000545

Psychol Addict Behav. 2021 Apr 8. doi: 10.1037/adb0000721. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Research indicates that a substance user identity (i.e., drinking, smoking, and marijuana identity) is positively correlated with substance use-related outcomes (e.g., frequency, quantity, consequences, and disorder symptoms). The current study aimed to meta-analytically derive single, weighted effect size estimates of the identity-outcome association as well as to examine moderators (e.g., substance use type, explicit/implicit assessment, demographic characteristics, and research design) of this association.

METHOD: Random effects meta-analysis was conducted on 70 unique samples that assessed substance user identity and at least one substance use-related outcome (frequency, quantity, consequences, and/or disorder symptoms), and provided the necessary information for effect size calculations.

RESULTS: Substance user identity was found to be a statistically significant moderate-to-large correlate of all substance use-related outcomes examined in the current study (r _w = .365, p < .001, r_w² = .133). The strongest associations were observed between identity and disorder symptoms (alcohol) and frequency of substance use (tobacco or marijuana). In terms of moderators of the identity-outcome association, the link between explicit drinking identity and alcohol use-related outcomes appeared to be stronger in magnitude than the relationship between implicit drinking identity and alcohol use-related outcomes; however, this difference appears to be largely due to the finding that implicit measures have lower reliability. The strongest identity-outcome association was observed among younger individuals.

CONCLUSIONS: Substance user identity is clearly an important correlate of substance use-related outcomes and this association is stronger among younger individuals. Additional theoretical, empirical, and intervention research is needed to utilize knowledge gleaned from the current study on the identity-outcome association. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:33829814 | DOI:10.1037/adb0000721

J Exp Psychol Gen. 2021 Apr 8. doi: 10.1037/xge0001059. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Recent statistical regularities have been demonstrated to influence visual search across a wide variety of learning mechanisms and search features. To function in the guidance of real-world search, however, such learning must be contingent on the context in which the search occurs and the object that is the target of search. The former has been studied extensively under the rubric of contextual cuing. Here, we examined, for the first time, categorical cuing: The role of object categories in structuring the acquisition of statistical regularities used to guide visual search. After an exposure session in which participants viewed six exemplars with the same general color in each of 40 different real-world categories, they completed a categorical search task, in which they searched for any member of a category based on a label cue. Targets that matched recent within-category regularities were found faster than targets that did not (Experiment 1). Such categorical cuing was also found to span multiple recent colors within a category (Experiment 2). It was observed to influence both the guidance of search to the target object (Experiment 3) and the basic operation of assigning single exemplars to categories (Experiment 4). Finally, the rapid acquisition of category-specific regularities was also quickly modified, with the benefit rapidly decreasing during the search session as participants were exposed equally to the two possible colors in each category. The results demonstrate that object categories organize the acquisition of perceptual regularities and that this learning exerts strong control over the instantiation of the category representation as a template for visual search. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:33829823 | DOI:10.1037/xge0001059

Oral Health Prev Dent. 2021 Jan 7;19(1):235-243. doi: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b1176847.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This systematic review addressed flap designs in endodontic surgery which can have an impact on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus) to identify all studies up to November 2019 that investigated the effect of flap designs on gingival recession and quality of life among healthy adults.

RESULTS: The initial search identified 2701 references. Ten studies were included in this systematic review; two were randomised clinical trials and eight were non-randomised clinical trials. Studies showed that sulcular incision increases the risk of gingival recession and decreases OHRQoL. Two studies were included in the meta-analysis in relation to gingival recession. The pooled results demonstrated that submarginal incision showed a decreased weighted mean difference in gingival recession by 0.31 mm (95% CI: 0.12 – 0.51) (p = 0.002) compared to sulcular incision.

CONCLUSION: Sulcular incision flap unfavourably affect the level of gingiva and OHRQoL. All nonrandomised studies had a statistically significant bias and the sample sizes in all studies were relatively small. More gingival recession and lower OHRQoL were associated with sulcular incision. Additional investigations are warranted to provide more evidence.

PMID:33829721 | DOI:10.3290/j.ohpd.b1176847

Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino). 2021 Apr 8. doi: 10.23736/S2724-5985.21.02809-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), affects nearly one quarter of the world’s adult population creating large health loads and economic loads in society with no approved pharmacotherapy found yet. The number of studies showing the effect of nutrition on fibrosis accompanying MAFLD are insufficient. This study was planned with the aim of investigating the effect of nutritional treatment on liver injury.

METHODS: This research is a prospective, non-medication interventional study completed with 39 participants chosen from MAFLD patients with fibrosis. Post treatment lasting three months, patients had liver stiffness measurements (LSM), anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests repeated.

RESULTS: In pre- and post-treatment, there were statistically significant correlations found between LSM with serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) values, and between controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) with body mass index (BMI) and fat mass (p<0.05). Post-treatment, statistically significant improvements were determined in the anthropometric measurements and biochemical findings. Moreover, post-treatment LSM and CAP values showed significant positive correlation compared to pre-treatment (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: This study found dietary interventions have an important place within the scope of fibrosis treatment. Preparation and application of medical nutrition treatment suitable for the clinical features of patients and completing correct lifestyle changes has an ameliorating effect on disease prognosis. There is a need for advanced studies with larger sample groups to further enlighten this topic.

PMID:33829726 | DOI:10.23736/S2724-5985.21.02809-9